非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞講解及練習(xí)題

1、 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的概念: 在句子中不能做謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞形式叫做非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞. 它不受人稱和數(shù)的限制.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞分為三種形式: 不定式：to do 動(dòng)名詞：v-ing 用做名詞分詞（現(xiàn)在分詞doing和 過(guò)去分詞V-ed）（高考）考點(diǎn)一： 不定式1.不定式的基本形式是to動(dòng)詞原形，它具有動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn)，即可以有自己的賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)，但它沒(méi)有人稱與數(shù)的變化，在句中也不能作謂語(yǔ)，動(dòng)詞不定式和自己的賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)構(gòu)成不定式短語(yǔ)。動(dòng)詞不定式的基本形式為：to+動(dòng)詞原形（不定式符號(hào)to有時(shí)可以省略）；其否定形式為：not to+動(dòng)詞原形。如：My father asked me not to read in bed.

2、2.不定式的句法作用動(dòng)詞不定式具有名詞、形容詞和副詞的作用，它可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓補(bǔ)和狀語(yǔ)。(1)作主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用it作形式主語(yǔ)，而將真正的主語(yǔ)放在句末，Itbe形容詞(for sb)動(dòng)詞不定式。Its important (for us) to protect environment.注: kind，good，nice，clever等表示人的品質(zhì)的形容詞后，不用for而用of。Its very kind of you to help me.(2)作賓語(yǔ)He wants to go out with her.注:一些謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后只能用不定式作賓語(yǔ)，常見(jiàn)的這類詞表示命令、打算或希望，

3、如：would like，want，wish，hope，decide，plan，expect，pretend等。Would you like to see a film this evening?當(dāng)不定式作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常還可以用it作形式賓語(yǔ)，真正的賓語(yǔ)是不定式。在find，think后跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用it代替，而將真正的賓語(yǔ)放在句末。I find it easy to read English every day.(3) 作表語(yǔ) 句型： 主語(yǔ) + be + to do sth .如：My groups task is to find out the cost to go by train

4、.（4）作目的狀語(yǔ)如：He opened the door for her to come in. 他打開(kāi)門(mén)讓她進(jìn)來(lái)。 I get up early to catch the first bus.我早起為了趕上首班車。(5) 作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)不能 省略to：ask. tell . order . force. want. invite. expect . encourage . advise. teach . promise. warn. allow . remind . help. 如：Tina told her sister to turn down the TV.蒂娜讓她姐姐把電視機(jī)的音量調(diào)

5、小點(diǎn)。 My mother asks me not to read in the bed.我媽媽不讓我在床上看書(shū)。 必須省略to的動(dòng)詞不定式（一感，二聽(tīng)，三讓，四看見(jiàn)。）常見(jiàn)省略to的動(dòng)詞不定式的搭配有：如：My mother makes me help that old woman.我媽媽讓我?guī)椭俏焕蠇D人。I often see him run on the road.我經(jīng)?？吹剿隈R路上跑步。常見(jiàn)不帶to的句型有：(6) , 作后置定語(yǔ) 如：The best way to travel there is by train.【知識(shí)拓展】不定式常和疑問(wèn)詞what，which，when，whe

6、re，how連用，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句：The teacher is telling the students what to do.老師正告訴同學(xué)們做什么。He didnt know where to go. (where to gowhere he should go) 他不知道去哪里。疑問(wèn)詞who, what, when, where,how,which等與動(dòng)詞不定式連用可用作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)When to go to Beijing has been decided.什么時(shí)候去北京已經(jīng)定下來(lái)了。(作主語(yǔ)) I havent decided yet when to leave. 我還沒(méi)決定什么時(shí)

7、候離開(kāi)。(作賓語(yǔ)) “疑問(wèn)詞+不定式”作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以轉(zhuǎn)化為賓語(yǔ)從句 如：Can you tell me where to buy the scarf? =Can you tell me where I can buy the scarf?你能告訴我從哪里能買到這條圍巾嗎？考點(diǎn)二 動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞由動(dòng)詞原形ing構(gòu)成，與現(xiàn)在分詞同形。動(dòng)名詞既有動(dòng)詞的性質(zhì)，作賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)；也有名詞的性質(zhì)，可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)。動(dòng)名詞兩種形式: 動(dòng)詞+V-ing 和 介詞+V-ing1.作主語(yǔ)如：Eating too much is bad for your health.吃得太多對(duì)身體健康有害。注：動(dòng)名詞和動(dòng)詞不定

8、式作主語(yǔ)，在許多情況下可以通用，但動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)多表示抽象或多次的行為，不定式作主語(yǔ)往往表示具體的或一次性的動(dòng)作。2. 后常接動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)詞及動(dòng)詞詞組finish，enjoy，practice，imagine，mind，keep，allow,consider，miss，avoid(避免)，suggest，admit，be worth，have difficulty/problem/trouble/fun (in) doing sth,stay up, be busy,keep onwaste time doing sth ；cant help/cant stop doing sth ；be use

9、d to(習(xí)慣于)+doing sth后既可以接動(dòng)名詞，也可接動(dòng)詞不定式的動(dòng)詞有l(wèi)ove，like，prefer，begin，start，continue，remember，try，stop，forget，hate，need，allow，go on等。介詞后接動(dòng)名詞，keep.from，stop.from，make a contribution to，pay attention to, look forward to，spend.(in)，be afraid of，be proud of，be fond of,be used for，feel like，give up，be intereste

10、d in，put off等。3.當(dāng)need，require，want作“需要”解時(shí)，后加動(dòng)名詞主動(dòng)式等于不定式的被動(dòng)式。The window needs cleaning.The window needs to be cleaned.4不定式是不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，作定語(yǔ)不能省去介詞。Shanghai is a good place to live in. I dont have enough time to study for the test, so I have something to worry about.考點(diǎn)三 分詞 分詞的構(gòu)成:分詞分為現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞兩種?，F(xiàn)在分詞由“動(dòng)詞+ ing

11、”構(gòu)成。過(guò)去分詞的基本形式是“動(dòng)詞+ ed”，但也有不規(guī)則的形式。注：1,現(xiàn)在分詞表示“令人的”，主語(yǔ)一般是物；過(guò)去分詞表示“感到的”，主語(yǔ)一般是人,2，動(dòng)詞+ ing 可以作形容詞來(lái)修飾名詞（a tiring film）如：He is surprised to hear the news.The news is surprising. 一，有些動(dòng)詞或詞組后接動(dòng)名詞或不定式均可，但意義稍有差別try to do 努力做 try doing 嘗試做二，現(xiàn)在分詞和動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的區(qū)別常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞如：see，watch，notice，hear，feel，have等，它們接不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)

12、，表示已經(jīng)完成了的或經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作；接現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)，表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行著。I heard him singing in the classroom.我聽(tīng)到他正在教室里唱歌。(“唱”這個(gè)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行)I heard him sing in the classroom.我聽(tīng)到他在教室里唱歌了。(“唱”這個(gè)動(dòng)作已結(jié)束) 三，現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞的區(qū)別在語(yǔ)態(tài)上，現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)意義，過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)意義。the surprising news令人驚訝的消息 ,a surprised man 一個(gè)受驚嚇的人a moving film一場(chǎng)感人的電影 ,the moved people被感動(dòng)的人們?cè)跁r(shí)間上，現(xiàn)在

13、分詞表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，過(guò)去分詞表示已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。the developing country 發(fā)展中國(guó)家, the developed country發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家the rising sun正在升起的太陽(yáng) , the risen sun 升起來(lái)的太陽(yáng)四，易混句式：have sb.do sth，have sb.doing sth.和have sth.done的區(qū)別have sb.do sth.意為“讓某人做某事”，have可以用let，make代替。不定式往往表示一次性的具體動(dòng)作。且強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成或尚未發(fā)生。The soldiers had the boy stand with his bac

14、k to his father.士兵們讓這個(gè)男孩背對(duì)他的父親站著。have sb.doing sth.意為“讓某人做某事”，have可以用keep代替，現(xiàn)在分詞(doing)這個(gè)動(dòng)作往往具有持續(xù)進(jìn)行的含義。The two men had their lights burning all night long.那兩個(gè)人讓燈通宵亮著。have sth.done意為“讓某人做某事”，即ask sb.else to do sth.過(guò)去分詞(done)這個(gè)動(dòng)作由他人(即非主語(yǔ)本身)來(lái)完成含有被動(dòng)意義且強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成。The driver had his car washed once a week.

15、那位司機(jī)每周叫人洗一次車。（ ）1.Susan doesnt like sports,so she has decided _ join the PE club. A.to B.dont C.not to D.dont to（ ）2. Would you like_ the Wutong Mountain tomorrow? If my mother _ , I ll go with you.A. climbing; will allow B.climbing; allowsC. to climb; allows D. to climb; will allow（ ）3.- Its going

16、to rain. Remember_ an umbrella when you go to school. All right, Mom.A. taking B. bringing C. to take D. to bring（ ）4.The little boy pretended _ when his mother came in.Asleeping Basleep Cto asleep Dto be asleep（ ）5.The book is well worth reading.I plan_ one.Ato buy Bbuying Cbuy Dbuys（ ）6. A British

17、 high school is going to allow students _ lessons in the afternoon.A .start B. starting C. to start D.start to（ ）7.Im sorry, Mr. Hu. I _ my English exercise book at home.It doesnt matter. Please remember _ here this afternoon.A. forgot; to bring B. left; to take C. forgot; to take D. left; to bring（

18、 ）8. How kind you are! You always do what you can _others.A.help B. helping C. helps D. to help（ ）9. The show was so funny that it made everyone_ again and againAlaugh Blaughed Claughing Dto laugh（ ）10. I remember _ to Beijing when I was a child.A.to take B.taking C.to be taken D.being taken （ ）11.

19、Though he often made his little sister_ ,today he was made_ by his little sister. A.cry; to cry B.crying; crying C.cry;cry D.to cry;cry（ ）12. The traffic signs warn people _ after drinking.A.to drive B.not to drive C. driving D.dont drive（ ）13. Now more and more people are busy_ about the Internet.

20、A. learn B. to learn C. learning D. learned （ ）14.- Its too hot. Would you mind _the door? - _. Please do it. A. to open; OK B. opening; Certainly not C. opening; Of course D. to open; Good idea （ ）15. No matter how hard it is, well keep_until we make it. A. failed B. failing C. tried D. trying （ ）1

21、6-Are you enjoying_in Ningbo? -Yes, we are. A. to live B. living C. lives D. lived （ ）17. We couldnt help _(laugh) after we heard the funny story A. to laugh B. laughing C. laughs D. laughed ( )18，Whenever we kids come over, Auntie Susan just stands there and watches us _ sure we dont break anything.(2017) A.make B. made C. to make D.making( )19 . The boss asked Tim to go and _ out if there was anyone else absent.(2016) A. find B. finding C. to find D. found( ) 2