初中英語(yǔ)名詞練習(xí)題及詳解

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上名 詞判斷對(duì)錯(cuò)1、誤Please give me a paper.正Please give me a piece of paper.析不要認(rèn)為可以數(shù)的名詞就是可數(shù)名詞，這種原因是對(duì)英語(yǔ)中可數(shù)與不可數(shù)名詞的概念與中文中的能數(shù)與不能數(shù)相混淆了，所以造成了這樣的錯(cuò)誤，因paper在英語(yǔ)中是屬于物質(zhì)名詞一類(lèi)，是不可數(shù)名詞。而不可數(shù)名詞要表達(dá)數(shù)量時(shí)，要用與之相關(guān)的量詞來(lái)表達(dá)，如：two pieces of paper.2、誤Please give me two letter papers.正Please give me two pieces of letter paper.析p

2、aper作為紙講是不可數(shù)名詞，而作為報(bào)紙、考卷、文章講時(shí)則是可數(shù)名詞，如：Each student should write a paper on what he has learnt.3、誤My glasses is broken.正My glasses are broken.4、誤I want to buy two shoes.正I want to buy two pairs of shoes.析英語(yǔ)中g(shù)lasses眼鏡，shoes鞋，trousers褲子等由兩部分組成的名詞一般要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如果要表示一副眼鏡應(yīng)用a pair of glasses而這時(shí)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與量詞相一致。如：5、T

3、his pair of glasses is very good.誤May I borrow two radioes?正May I borrow two radios?析以o結(jié)尾的名詞大都是用加es來(lái)表示其復(fù)數(shù)形式，但如果o前面是一個(gè)元音字母或外來(lái)語(yǔ)時(shí)則只加s就可以了。這樣的詞有zoozoos,pianopianos.6、誤This is a Mary's dictionary.正This is Mary's dictionary.析如名詞前有指示代詞this, that, these those,及其他修飾詞our,some, every, which, 或所有格時(shí)，則不要再

4、加冠詞。7、誤There are much people in the garden.正There are many people in the garden.析可數(shù)名詞前應(yīng)用many, few, a few, a lot of 來(lái)修飾，而people是可數(shù)名詞，而且是復(fù)數(shù)名詞，如：The people are planting trees here.8、誤I want a few water.正I want a little water.析不可數(shù)名詞前可以用a little, little, a lot of, some來(lái)修飾，但不可用many,few來(lái)修飾。9、誤Thank you ver

5、y much. Your family is very kind to me.正Thank you very much. Your family are very kind to me.10、誤Tom's and Mary's family are waiting for us.正Tom's and Mary's families are waiting for us.11、誤I'm sorry. I have to go. Tom's families are waiting for me.正I'm sorry. I have to g

6、o. Tom's family are waiting for me.析集合名詞如果指某個(gè)集合的整體，則應(yīng)視為單數(shù)，如指某個(gè)集合體中的個(gè)體則應(yīng)視為復(fù)數(shù)。如:My family is a big family. When I came in, Tom's family were watching TV. 即湯姆一家人正在看電視。這樣的集合名詞有：family class, team等。12、誤Don't eat too much meats.正Don't eat too much meat.13、誤Food in that restaurant is very g

7、ood.正The food in that restaurant is very good.析物質(zhì)名詞是不可數(shù)名詞，在使用中不可以加s，即它沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式。也不可加不定冠詞。但如果用于特指某一物質(zhì)時(shí)可以加定冠詞。如：I don't like drinking coffee, but the coffee in that cup is really good.14、誤Please give me two waters.正Please give me two glasses of water.正Please give me two coffees.析物質(zhì)名詞如要加計(jì)量時(shí)，一定要加量詞，如：t

8、wo cups of tea,two glasses of water,a glass of milk,a loaf of bread, a piece of bread,a box of sugar,a bowl of rice,a bottle of orange,a bag of earth例： I'll tell you a piece of good news.但只有coffee可以用coffees來(lái)取代many cups of coffee.15、誤Can you give me the newspaper of today?正Can you give me today&#

9、39;s newspaper?析加's構(gòu)成所有格的名詞一般應(yīng)指有生命的人或物。如：Mary's hair，但在英文的習(xí)慣用法中對(duì)時(shí)間、距離等名詞的所有格多用's來(lái)構(gòu)成而不用of結(jié)構(gòu)。如：a five minutes' walk.16、誤Please make a room for the lady in the school bus.正Please make room for the lady in the school bus.析英語(yǔ)中更多的名詞是含有多種用法和多種含意的，如： room為可數(shù)名詞時(shí)為“房間”，如：I live in Room 5.而room為

10、抽象名詞時(shí)為空間上面一句話應(yīng)譯為“請(qǐng)給老婦人在校車(chē)上留個(gè)地方?！边@樣的詞還有：glass 玻璃glasses 眼鏡stone 石頭a stone 一塊石頭time 時(shí)間two times 兩次wood 木頭woods 樹(shù)林17、誤There is a flowers garden behind my house.正There is a flower garden behind my house.析名詞除了在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)外，還可以用來(lái)修飾另一個(gè)名詞，這時(shí)作修飾詞的名詞一般要用單數(shù)形式，如：shoe factory (鞋廠),post office(郵局),evening paper (

11、晚報(bào)),night school (夜校),head master (校長(zhǎng)),a law school (法律學(xué)院)。但也有例外，如:a goods train(貨車(chē)),sports meeting (運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì))。18、誤My mother bought two fishes for supper this morning.正My mother bought two fish for supper this morning.析英語(yǔ)中有些名詞單復(fù)同形，如：fish, deer, sheep, Chinese (中國(guó)人), means (方法)。所以應(yīng)講one fish, two fish, one

12、 Chinese, two Chinese. 如果講There are five fishes in the pool.應(yīng)譯為池中有五種魚(yú)而不是五條魚(yú)。19、誤Mary expressed her thank to her boy friend.正Mary expressed her thanks to her boy friend.析英語(yǔ)中有些名詞只有復(fù)數(shù)形式，如： thanks, greens， 而有些詞單數(shù)形式與復(fù)數(shù)形式有不同的詞意。如:clothes 為衣服，而cloth則是布， sand沙子，而sands是沙灘。20、誤I offered my son my congratulati

13、on on his success.正I offered my son my congratulations on his success.析英語(yǔ)中表示祝賀的詞雖有單數(shù)形式，但一般要用其復(fù)數(shù)形式。如握手為shake hands.21、誤We have five German in this meeting.正We have five Germans in this meeting.析英國(guó)人Englishman的復(fù)數(shù)形式為Englishmen，而German 則要加s，因?yàn)樗皇怯蓢?guó)名與man的組合詞。22、誤There are two As in this word.正There are tw

14、o A's in this word.析在大寫(xiě)字母縮寫(xiě)形式的復(fù)數(shù)表達(dá)法中應(yīng)加s，但如字母是A、I時(shí)，為了防止與As和Is相混，則要用's即A's，I's23、誤There are three 6s and two 3s in my telephone number.正There are three 6's and two 3's in my telephone number.析在小寫(xiě)字母與數(shù)字的復(fù)數(shù)形式表達(dá)法中要用's24、誤We have many woman teachers in our school.正We have many w

15、omen teachers in our school.析一般組合名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式時(shí)只將詞中心詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)如：half brotherhalf brothers(同父異母或同母異父的兄弟)daughter in lawdaughtersin law,(兒媳)但要注意的是：man drivermen drivers(男司機(jī)) woman doctorwomen doctors(女大夫)grown upgrown ups(成年人) 但是boy student則變?yōu)閎oy students25、誤Physics are very difficult to learn.正Physics is very

16、difficult to learn.析雖以s結(jié)尾但只能用作單數(shù)名詞有：科學(xué)，學(xué)科名字：Physics. Mathematics politics游戲名稱(chēng)：bowls 專(zhuān)有名稱(chēng)：Niagara Falls(尼亞加拉瀑布) 其他名詞：news(消息，新聞)26、誤There is a people in the room.正There is a person in the room.正There is a man in the room.析people是復(fù)數(shù)名詞，不可用作單數(shù)，如要用來(lái)講一個(gè)人時(shí)應(yīng)用a person, a man, a woman。同樣的詞有police.要講一個(gè)警察時(shí)則要用a

17、policeman, a policewoman。27、誤Where is my shoe?正Where are my shoes?析常常只用作復(fù)數(shù)形式的詞有trousers, pants, shorts(短褲)，socks(襪子),shoes, gloves(手套)。但如果只找其中的一個(gè)則要指明，這時(shí)還是應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。如：Where's my left glove?(我左手的手套在哪?)28、誤I paid five pennies for the sweet.正I paid five pence for the sweet.析英語(yǔ)中便士有兩個(gè)復(fù)數(shù)形式pence用來(lái)表達(dá)一定數(shù)量的錢(qián)。

18、而pennies是指一個(gè)個(gè)的硬幣，如：I want to change this note for pennies.我想把這紙幣換成硬幣。(即一便士一個(gè)的硬幣)。29、誤There are many fruit in the shop.正There are many fruits in the shop.析物質(zhì)名詞為不可數(shù)名詞，但是用來(lái)表示種類(lèi)時(shí)則可以用作可數(shù)名詞，這里應(yīng)譯為各種各樣的水果。30、誤There is a new car. It is Jone's and Mary's.正There is a new car. It is Jone and Mary's.

19、析有生命名詞的所有格，如果是單數(shù)名詞則加's如：Mary's car.如果是以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞則只在s后面加如：teachers' offices.如果是復(fù)數(shù)名詞但不是以s結(jié)尾，則只加s，如：children's palace 組合名詞的所有格是在最后一個(gè)詞尾加's如：girl friend girl friend's someone elsesomeone else's a week or threea week or three's如名詞后有同位語(yǔ)時(shí)，則應(yīng)加在同位語(yǔ)的詞尾上，如：It is my girl friend, Ma

20、ry's car.要注意的是當(dāng)兩個(gè)名詞并列時(shí)，如表示歸兩人共同所有，則在最后一個(gè)名詞后面加's，如果表示分別所有則在兩個(gè)名詞后分別加's，如：This is Mary and Jone's home.即Mary與Jone是一家人。這是他們共同的家。而These are Mary's and Jone's homes.則應(yīng)譯為這里是Mary的家與Jone 的家。31、誤It is really beautiful. It is a work of nature.正It is really beautiful. It is a Nature'

21、s work.析無(wú)生命名詞的所有格應(yīng)用of結(jié)構(gòu)。但是's形式的所有格可用于以下無(wú)生命的名詞：表示時(shí)間的詞：today's newspaper, a twenty minutes' walk, an hour's, rest 表示長(zhǎng)度的詞：three metres' distance, a boat's length， twenty miles' journey 表示重量的名詞：two pounds' weight價(jià)格名詞：two dollars'worth擬人化的名詞：Nature's work, nature&#

22、39;s lesson(大自然的教訓(xùn))及國(guó)家、機(jī)關(guān)、團(tuán)體、城市等機(jī)構(gòu)性名詞：the university's library32、誤He is an old friend of my father.正He is an old friend of my father's.析這是英語(yǔ)中的一種習(xí)慣用法而不要根據(jù)語(yǔ)法去推理。如：This pen is Tom's.33、誤My father is a good cooker.正My father is a good cook.析一般動(dòng)詞加上er后則轉(zhuǎn)意為執(zhí)行該動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，如:teach(教)teacher(老師),think(

23、想)thinker(思想家),drive(開(kāi)車(chē))driver(司機(jī)),sell(賣(mài))seller(賣(mài)物者)但不能總是以此類(lèi)推，比如cook是動(dòng)詞“做飯”。而cook也可作為名詞“廚師”講，而cooker則為廚具，餐具，即鍋、碗、勺等做飯用具。34、誤The young is dancing there.正The young are dancing there.析英文中用定冠詞加上形容詞表示一類(lèi)人時(shí)應(yīng)按復(fù)數(shù)名詞，如：the rich 富人，the poor(窮人),the wise 聰明人，但如果用定冠詞加形容詞來(lái)表示事物則要用作單數(shù)名詞，如：The beautiful is still her

24、e.美麗的風(fēng)景依舊。35、誤The stories of the book was written many years ago.正The stories of the book were written many years ago.析這句話的真正主語(yǔ)應(yīng)是stories，所以應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。36、誤This is one of the EnglishChinese dictionary.正This is one of the EnglishChinese dictionaries.析one of意為“之一”，of后面的名詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。37、誤Let's go to uncle W

25、ang for supper.正Let's go to uncle Wang's for supper.析uncle Wang's 意為“王叔叔家”，doctor's意為“醫(yī)院或私人診所”。38、誤I think we will make a friend with each other.正I think we will make friends with each other.析make friends 為習(xí)慣用法，即交朋友。39、誤I want to tell you much pieces of good news.正I want to tell you

26、many pieces of good news.析news為不可數(shù)名詞，但加了量詞之后則要用many來(lái)修飾量詞，因量詞是可數(shù)名詞，或可以說(shuō)I want to tell you some good news.因some 即可用在可數(shù)名詞前，也可用在不可數(shù)名詞前作形容詞，如：I want to tell you some pieces of good news.40、誤The teacher with five students are coming here.正The teacher with five students is coming here.析要注意由with引出的介詞短語(yǔ)不是本句的

27、主語(yǔ)，這與連詞and有很大的區(qū)別，如：The teacher and five students are coming here. 這里由介詞引出的短語(yǔ)僅僅是teacher的修飾語(yǔ)。41、誤There are a lot of information here, but we don't need them.正There is a lot of information here, but we don't need it.析information為不可數(shù)名詞，而用作代替它的詞要用it而不能用them.42、誤Many a student make the same mistak

28、e in the exam.正Many a student makes the same mistake in the exam.析many a 加可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式，但其意為許多學(xué)生。43、誤The children wear very good cloth to go to school today.正The children wear very good clothes to go to school today.析英文中cloth,clothes,clothing是易混之詞：cloth是物質(zhì)名詞，意為“布”，沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式，而clothing是指衣物的總稱(chēng)，也沒(méi)

29、有復(fù)數(shù)形式。clothes是指衣服，但沒(méi)有單數(shù)形式，如：This clothing is needed in warm countries. Her clothes are made of fine cloth.英文中的dress則指較正規(guī)的服裝，如：a school dress 校服，an evening dress晚禮服。44、誤I like to study the English.正I like to study English.析作為一種學(xué)科名詞前不要用冠詞，而作為某一特指學(xué)科則要加冠詞，如：I like to study history. I like to study the h

30、istory of America.45、誤The Browns is going to visit China.正The Browns are going to visit China.析定冠詞加姓加s，則意為“Brown先生一家人”。所以應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。此句應(yīng)譯為：Brown先生一家將要訪問(wèn)中國(guó)。(三) 例題解析1. Lucy and Lilyin the same class.A. am B. is C. are D. be 答案C.析由and連接兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)應(yīng)按復(fù)數(shù)名詞來(lái)搭配謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。 2. Which is the to the bus stop， please?A roa

31、d B way C street D address 答案B.析這是考察同意詞辨析，road是指較寬闊的大道，意為“鄉(xiāng)間公路”，而street意為道路兩邊的建筑物較高，可視為街道之意，而way則多為要到達(dá)某地所要經(jīng)過(guò)的途徑，還可引深為方式、方法。而address則為“地址”。如：There is a car running along the country road. I live at 105 Park street. Can you show me the way to the National Museum? 3. Hurry up!There is time left.A littl

32、e B a little C few D a few 答案A.析因time作為時(shí)間講為不可數(shù)名詞，所以不可用few，a few來(lái)修飾。另外，英文的表達(dá)法與中文不同，中文講，快點(diǎn)，時(shí)間不多了，而英文要講，快點(diǎn)，沒(méi)時(shí)間了。因此，要用little而不用a little. 4. How many can you see in the picture?A tomatos B tomatoes C tomato D the tomato 答案B.析用How many提問(wèn)時(shí)，其名詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式，而tomato的復(fù)數(shù)要加es. 5. is the meat. Please?Ten yuan a kilo.A

33、How much B How many C How old D How long 答案A.析由對(duì)話的答語(yǔ)可看出其問(wèn)句問(wèn)的是價(jià)格。錢(qián)數(shù)作為整體、價(jià)格講時(shí)，不論其值是多少都是不可數(shù)名詞，要用how much 提問(wèn)。 6 The boy's name is James Allen Green. So his given name is.A James Allen B Allen Green C James Green D Mr. Green答案A.析英文的習(xí)慣與中文不同，中文是姓在前名字在后，而英文則是姓在最后，其第一個(gè)名字是由父母所起的，中間的名字可能是父母、教父所起的，但都可稱(chēng)作given name,而姓在英文中是family name. 7 Shanghai is one of the biggestin our country.A city B city's C citys D cities答案D.析復(fù)音字母以y結(jié)尾的單詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式要把y變成i再加es。one of 加名詞的結(jié)構(gòu)中的名詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。 8 Would you please pass me?A two paper B t