高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí) 第一部分 基礎(chǔ)知識聚焦 專題突破解題策略4 閱讀理解之推理判斷題 新人教版必修2-新人教版高三必修2英語試題

1、路漫漫其修遠(yuǎn)兮路漫漫其修遠(yuǎn)兮 吾將上下而求索吾將上下而求索走向高考走向高考 英語英語人教版人教版 高考總復(fù)習(xí)高考總復(fù)習(xí)專題突破解題策略專題突破解題策略( (四四) )必修二必修二第一部分基礎(chǔ)知識聚焦第一部分基礎(chǔ)知識聚焦推理判斷題是閱讀理解中層次較高、難度較大的題目。在一篇閱讀理解中一般有13道該類題目，2015年各考區(qū)考查推理判斷的題目約占閱讀理解題目總數(shù)的30%左右。該類題要求考生在理解表面文字的基礎(chǔ)上根據(jù)文章提供的事實(shí)和線索通過語篇邏輯關(guān)系，研究細(xì)節(jié)的暗示，推敲作者的態(tài)度，理解文章的寓意等，從而得出文章中隱含的深層意思，也就是通過文章中的文字信息、上下文邏輯關(guān)系等已知信息，推斷出作者沒有提

2、到的或者明說的事實(shí)或情感，或者可能發(fā)生的事。做推理判斷題要以文中的信息為依據(jù)，既不能作出在原文中找不到依據(jù)的推理，也不能過度推理。同時，考生應(yīng)多了解國外文化與習(xí)俗，這有助于理解文章。閱讀理解之推理判斷題1.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題的判斷方法抓住特定信息進(jìn)行逆向或正向推理。做此類試題要抓住相關(guān)內(nèi)容的關(guān)鍵信息(即某些關(guān)鍵詞或詞語)去分析、判斷，利用逆向思維或正向推理，從而推斷出該信息所隱含的深層含義。只有正確把握文章的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系，理解文章的真正含義，才能作出準(zhǔn)確的推斷。典例1(2015陜西高考B).For the next two weeks, the Holdens were heartbroken. Then

3、, one day, the phone rang and Steve Tregear, the coastguard of Cornwall, asked Holder if he would like his dog back.A birdwatcher, armed with a telescope, found the pet sitting desperately on a rock. While he sounded the alarm, a student from Leeds climbed down the cliff to collect Judy.The dog had

4、initially been knocked unconscious(失去知覺的)but had survived by drinking water from a fresh scream at the base of the cliff. She may have fed on the body of a sheep which had also fallen over the edge. “The dog was very thin and hungry，” Steve Tregear said. “It was a very lucky dog. She survived becaus

5、e of a plentiful supply of fresh water，” he added.52What can we infer from the text?APeople like to travel with their pets.BJudy was taken to the fields for hunting.CLuck plays a vital role in Judys survival.DHolden cared little where Judy was buried.解析C文章介紹是叫Judy的狗在追趕一只羊的時候，從懸崖上掉下來。主人努力尋找?guī)讉€小時無果，以為它

6、已經(jīng)死去就放棄了，結(jié)果幾天后，意外得到消息，狗還活著。真是很幸運(yùn)的事情。 根據(jù)文章最后一段的句子：It was a very lucky dog. She survived because of a plentiful supply of fresh water.可知在Judy的事故中運(yùn)氣起著至關(guān)重要的作用。故選C。典例2(2015天津高考C).I never told my mother about my “miraculous” (奇跡般地) experience that summer, but she saw a slow but remarkable improvement in m

7、y classroom performance during the next year. And years later, she was proud that her son had read thousands of books, was awarded a PhD in literature, and authored his own books, articles, poetry and fiction. The power of the words has held.49What can be inferred from the last paragraph?AThe author

8、 has become a successful writer.BThe authors mother read the same book.CThe authors mother rewarded him with books.DThe author has had happy summers ever since.解析A推理判斷題。文章講述了作者從一名閱讀困難的孩子到最終成為一名成功的作家的故事，告訴我們書本的魅力。根據(jù)最后一段And years later, she was proud that her son had read thousands of books, was award

9、ed a PhD in literature, and authored his own books, articles, poetry and fiction.可以判斷出作者最終成為一名成功的作家。故選A。2預(yù)測推斷題的判斷方法根據(jù)文章中所陳述的事實(shí)、論點(diǎn)、例證等一系列論據(jù)材料進(jìn)行推理，從而得出合乎邏輯的結(jié)論。對此類題，注意弄清作者的寫作思路，決不能按自己的主觀經(jīng)驗(yàn)去推理。典例3(2015天津高考B).Social robots are not just finding their way into the home. They have potential applications in

10、everything from education to health care and are already finding their way into some of these spaces.Fellow Robots is one company bringing social robots to the market. The companys “Oshbot” robot is built to assist customers in a store, which can help the customers find items and help guide them to

11、the products location in the store. It can also speak different languages and make recommendations for different items based on what the customer is shopping for.The more interaction the robot has with humans, the more it learns. But Oshbot, like other social robots, is not intended to replace worke

12、rs, but to work alongside other employees. “We have technologies to train social robots to do things not for us, but with us，” said Breazeal.44We can learn from the last paragraph that social robots will _. Atrain employeesBbe our workmatesCimprove technologiesDtake the place of workers解析B文章主要介紹了社會機(jī)

13、器人的功能與作用。根據(jù)最后一段Breazeal 的話“We have technologies to train social robots to do things not for us, but with us”可以推斷出社會機(jī)器人可以和我們一起做事情。故選B。3文章來源或讀者對象推斷題的方法考生要具備一定的常識，對報紙、雜志、網(wǎng)絡(luò)、科普知識、小說、童話、廣告、說明書、旅游指南等有基本了解。這樣才能在做題時根據(jù)文章的特點(diǎn)選出最佳答案。解析A主要講述了Lake Lander在論壇上描述了自己遇到的不文明現(xiàn)象后，眾人發(fā)表的關(guān)于自己經(jīng)歷的不文明現(xiàn)象的描述和看法。本文是篇對于社會現(xiàn)象的討論，根據(jù)出

14、現(xiàn)的討論的時間，彼此隔開時間不長，可知來自網(wǎng)絡(luò)，故選A項。典例5(2015廣東高考B)When I was nine years old, I loved to go fishing with my dad. But the only thing that wasnt very fun about it was that he could catch many fish while I couldnt catch anything. I usually got pretty upset and kept asking him why. He always answered, “Son, if

15、you want to catch a fish, you have to think like a fish”， I remember being even more upset then because, “Im not a fish！” I didnt know how to think like a fish. Besides, I reasoned, how could what I think influence what a fish does?.When I grew up and entered the business world, I remember hearing m

16、y first boss say, “We all need to think like sales people.” But it didnt completely make sense. My dad never once said, “If you want to catch a fish you need to think like a fisherman.” What he said was, “You need to think like a fish.” Years later, with great efforts to promote longterm services to

17、 people much older and richer than me, I gradually learned what we all need is to think more like customers. It is not an easy job. I will show you how in the following chapters.35This passage most likely comes from _.Aa fishing guideBa popular sales bookCa novel on childhoodDa millionaires biography解析B本文敘述了作者通過以父親教授他釣魚時，要像魚一樣思考，學(xué)會釣魚的道理，告訴大家從事商業(yè)銷售時要像消費(fèi)者一樣去思考。根據(jù)It is not an easy job. I will show you how in the following chapters“這不是一份輕松的工作，我將在下面幾章里向