主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換

1、主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換語(yǔ)態(tài)(Voice)是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，為主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)態(tài)則表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。(1)各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)1)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)它表示句子的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間的關(guān)系。語(yǔ)態(tài)通常分(PassiveVoice)表示句子的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)Wesweeptheflooreveryday.Wecleanthewindowseveryweek.Thefloorisswepteverydaybyus.Thewindowsarecleanedeveryweekbyus.2）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)MissChenisteachingmeEnglishnow.Iambe

2、ingtaughtEnglishbyMissChennow.Iamwritingmyhomework.Myhomeworkisbeingwrittenbyme.Thegirliswateringflowers.Theflowersarebeingwateredbythegirl.3）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)Wehaveboughtanewhouserecently.Anewhousehasbeenboughtrecentlybyus.Wehaveplantedalotofflowersintheclassroom.Alotofflowershavebeenplantedinourclassroom

3、.4）一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)Ishall/willdoabetterjobnexttime.Myfatherisgoingtostopsmoking.Heisgoingtohelpmetomorrow.Abetterjobwillbedonenexttime.Smokingisgoingtobestoppedbymyfather.Iamgoingtobehelpedbyhimtomorrow.Whereareyougoingtoputthesetables?Wherearethesetablesgoingtobeputbyyou?Youaretodelivertheseflowersbefore

4、ten.Theseflowerweretobedeliveredbeforeten.Iamtofindaninterestingstory.Aninterestingstorywastobefound.Manypeopleareabouttolosetheirjobs.Theirjobslost.Iamabouttofinishmyhomeworkwhenhecomesin.Myhomeworkwhenhecomesin.一般將來(lái)時(shí)的動(dòng)詞形式1. 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)2. 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)3. 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)4. 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)shall/will+v.am/is/aregoingto+v.am/is/areto+v.am/

5、is/areaboutto+v.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài):被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài):被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài):被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài):shall/willbe+v-ed.am/is/aregoingtobe+v-ed.am/is/aretobe+v-ed.am/is/areabouttobe+v-ed.注意:只有及物動(dòng)詞和及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)才可以有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。不及物動(dòng)詞，不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)或系動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。5）一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)哪些句子可以變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)？Aram（公羊）sawafencebuiltwithbambooandwoodinfront.Thefenceblockeditsway.Itcastasidelongglaneeatthefence,lowe

6、reditsneckandlunged（刺）atthefence,hopingtoknockitdown.Thefenceremainedintactbuttheraminjureditsownhorns.Aram（公羊）sawafencebuiltwithbambooandwood.Afencebuiltwithbambooandwoodwasseenbyaram.Thefenceblockeditsway.Itswaywasblockedbythefence.Itcastasidelongglaneeatthefence.Asidelongglaneewascastatthefenceby

7、it.Theraminjureditsownhorns.Theram'shornswereinjuredbyitself.6）過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)HewascleaninghiscarwhileIwascooking.Hiscarwasbeingcleanedbyhimthen.Iwasdoingmylessonsthen.Myhomeworkwasbeingdonethen.7) 過(guò)去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)'ttastegTbdyhadbeencooked(cook)fortoolong.8)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)Heknewhismotherwouldpunishhimforit.

8、Heknewforit.Shesaidyou.Shesaidyouwouldbelookedafterbyher.Judywasgoingtomeetus,butshewasillandcouldn'tcome.Hermotherwasgoingtotakecareofher.花在十點(diǎn)前送至嘰Youweretodelivertheseflowersbeforeten.Theseflowersweretobedeliveredbeforeten.Iwastofindaninterestingstory.AninterestingstoryManypeoplewereabouttolose

9、theirjobs.Theirjobslost.過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的動(dòng)詞形式1. 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：would+v.2. 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：was/weregoingto+v.3. 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：was/wereto+v.4. 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：was/wereaboutto+v.(2) 含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)Youmoretreesinthisarea.Youmustn'picktheflowersinthepark.TheflowersTheenvironment被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：wouldbe+v-ed.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：was/weregoingtobe+v-ed.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：was/weretobe+v-ed.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：was/w

10、ereabouttobe+v-ed.TheparkWeshouldimprovetheenvironment.(3) 什么時(shí)候用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：1）不知道或沒(méi)必要指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。Manyhouseswillbebuilthere.2）說(shuō)話人對(duì)賓語(yǔ)的興趣大于對(duì)主語(yǔ)的興趣（這時(shí)可用by引導(dǎo)出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者）。TheplanwassupportedbythosewhowishedtohavemorechancestospeakEnglish.3）動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者有較長(zhǎng)的修飾語(yǔ)。Youarerequestedtoattendthemeeting

11、.4）出于禮貌，不愿意說(shuō)出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。Fillintheblankswiththerightformofthewordsgiven.填空：1. Rice(grow)inthesouthoftheStates.2. Nowadays,English(find)veryuseful.3. Thework(finish)tomorrow.4. Theflowers(water)bythemnow.5. Therailway(build)thistimelastyear.6. Therailwayalready(build).7. Thenewrailway(build)bytheendoflast

12、year.8. Hetoldmethesportsmeeting(hold)thenextmonth.(4)不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的情況1)某些表示“靜態(tài)”的及物動(dòng)詞(表示狀態(tài)而不是動(dòng)作，而且常常是不可用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的動(dòng)詞)女口have,fit,suit,hold(容納),cost,suffer,last(持續(xù))等不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。Theyhaveanicecar.他們有一輛漂亮的汽車。Myshoesdon'tfitme.我的鞋不合適。Mybraincan'tholdsomuchinformationatonetime.我的腦子一下子記不住這么多資料。Howmuch/Whatdoesi

13、tcost?這值多少錢？Ourholidaylasts10days.我們的假期有十天。Thisfoodwilllast（them）（for）3days.這食物足夠（他們）（吃）三天。2）不是所有帶介詞的動(dòng)詞都能用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。若是構(gòu)成成語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常有被動(dòng)態(tài)，若不構(gòu)成成語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則無(wú)被動(dòng)態(tài)。試比較：Theyarrivedatadecision.Adecisionwasarrivedat.他們作出了決定。Theyarrivedatthestation.他們至U達(dá)車站。（不說(shuō)：Thestationwasarrivedat.）Helookedintothequestion.Thequestionwaslook

14、edinto.他調(diào)查了這個(gè)問(wèn)題。3）動(dòng)詞leave（離開）,enter（進(jìn)入）,join（參加）不可用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。Thecarlefttheroadandhitatree.車子離開了道路，撞上了樹。4）某些及物動(dòng)詞可作不及物動(dòng)詞用，特別是后加副詞（如well,easily等）時(shí)。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)有被動(dòng)含義,這類動(dòng)詞常見的有sell,write,wear,wash,cook,open,close,lock,read,record等。Hisnewnovelissellingwell.他的新小說(shuō)很暢銷。Theclothwasheswell.這布很耐洗。Thismaterialwon'twear.這種

15、材料不耐穿。Hisplaywon'tact.他的戲劇不會(huì)上演。Thewindowwon'tshut.這窗關(guān)不上。Thedoorwon'topen.這門打不開。Thedoorwon'tlock.這門鎖不上。Thispoemreadswell.這首詩(shī)讀來(lái)很好。5）feel,look,appear,sound,taste,smell等由實(shí)意動(dòng)詞演變而來(lái)的系動(dòng)詞，后接形容詞作表語(yǔ)，不可用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。Tellmeifyoufeelcold.你要是感到冷就告訴我。You'relookingveryunhappywhat'sthematter?你看來(lái)很不高興一

16、怎么回事兒？Thesouptasteswonderful.這湯味道好極了。Thoserosessmellbeautiful.那些玫瑰好聞極了。Sheappearstobefriendly.她看上去很友好。6）賓語(yǔ)是不定式或動(dòng)詞的-ing形式時(shí)，不可用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。Peterhopedtomeether.彼得希望遇見她。MrSmithenjoyedseeinghisdaughter.史密斯先生喜歡看他的女兒。7）賓語(yǔ)是反身代詞或相互代詞時(shí)，不可用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。Shecandressherself.她可以自己穿衣服。Wecouldhardlyseeeachotherinthefog.在霧中我們彼此幾乎

17、看不見。8）賓語(yǔ)是同源賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，不可用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。Theyliveahappylife.他們過(guò)著幸福的生活。Thegirldreamedasweetdream.那女孩做了個(gè)甜美的夢(mèng)。9）賓語(yǔ)帶有與主語(yǔ)有照應(yīng)關(guān)系的物主代詞時(shí)，不可用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如：Theoldmanbrokehis（=theoldman's）legs.那老人把自己的腿弄斷了。Thegirlshookher（=thegirl's）head.那女孩搖了搖頭。（6）主動(dòng)含義表被動(dòng)含義的情形1）某些動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義英語(yǔ)中有很多動(dòng)詞女口act,break,catch,cut,clean,drive,draw,let,

18、lock,open,sell,read,write,wash,wear等，當(dāng)它們被用作不及物動(dòng)詞來(lái)描述主語(yǔ)特征時(shí)，其主動(dòng)形式常用來(lái)表達(dá)被動(dòng)含義。另外，像owe,beat,cook,bake,print,build,make等，有時(shí)可以用主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)含義。Thiskindofradiodoesn'tsellwell.這種收音機(jī)不太暢銷。Theshopopensateighto'clock.這個(gè)商店八點(diǎn)開門。Thepipedoesnotdrawwell.這煙斗不太通暢。Theseplaysactwonderfully.這些劇演得好。Kate'sbookreadslike

19、aninterestingnovel.凱特的這本書讀起來(lái)像本有趣的小說(shuō)。注意：主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是主語(yǔ)的特征，而被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)則強(qiáng)調(diào)外界作用造成的影響。Thedoorwon'tlock.門鎖不上。（指門本身有毛病）Thedoorwon'tbelocked.門不會(huì)被鎖上。（指不會(huì)有人來(lái)鎖門）Hisnovelsselleasily.他的小說(shuō)銷路好。（指小說(shuō)本身內(nèi)容好）Hisnovelsaresoldeasily.他的小說(shuō)容易銷售。（主要強(qiáng)調(diào)外界對(duì)小說(shuō)的需求量大）2）某些動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義a. 在need,want,require,deserve和bear等詞的后面，動(dòng)名詞用主動(dòng)形式

20、表示被動(dòng)含義，其含義相當(dāng)于動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式。Thehouseneedsrepairing（toberepaired）.這房子需要修理。Myclothesneedwashing（tobewashed）.我的衣服需要洗了。形容詞worth后面跟動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義，但不能跟動(dòng)詞不定式；而worthy后面跟動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式。Thepicture-bookiswellworthreading.（=Thepicture-bookisveryworthytoberead.）這本畫冊(cè)很值得一讀。SuchamanasMr.Smithisnotworthhelping.（=SuchamanasM

21、r.Smithisnotworthytobehelped.）像史密斯先生那樣的人不值得幫助。3）某些動(dòng)詞不定式的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義a.當(dāng)nice,easy,fit,hard,difficult,important,impossible,pleasant,interesting等形容詞后跟不定式作狀語(yǔ)，而句子的主語(yǔ)又是動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，這時(shí)常用不定式的主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)含義。Japaneseisnotdifficulttolearn.日語(yǔ)并不難學(xué)。（指日語(yǔ)被學(xué)）Thewaterisunfittodrink.這水不適合喝。（指水被喝）Thepieceofmusicispleasanttohear.這首音樂(lè)聽起來(lái)很悅耳。（指音樂(lè)被聽）Thisbookiseasytoread.這