高中英語語法虛擬語氣全總結(jié)排版

1、虛擬語氣在非真實(shí)條件句中從句主句例句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)If + 主語+助動(dòng)詞的過去式（were, did, had）主語+should/would/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形If I had time, I would attend the meeting.If I were you, I should seize the opportunity to go abroad.與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)If +主語+had+過去分詞主語+should/would/could/might +have+過去分詞If you had taken my advice, you would not hav

2、e failed in the exam.與將來事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)If+主語+動(dòng)詞過去式If+主語+were to+動(dòng)詞原形If+主語+should+動(dòng)詞原形(注意不能是would)主語+should/would/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形If you came tomorrow, we would have the meeting.If it were to rain tomorrow, we would put off the sports meeting.If he should not come tomorrow, we should put off the meeting till

3、 next Monday.錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句:當(dāng)條件狀語從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致時(shí)，被稱為錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句，動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)它表示的時(shí)間作出相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。如：If you had followed my advice just now, you would be better now.If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now.if省略句在條件句中可以省略if, 把were, had, should提到句首，變成倒裝句式。如：If I were at school again, I wou

4、ld study harder.Were I at school again, I would study harder.如果我還有上學(xué)的機(jī)會(huì)，我會(huì)更加努力學(xué)習(xí)。If you had come earlier, you would catch the bus.Had you come earlier, you would catch the bus.如果你來得早點(diǎn)，你就能趕上公共汽車。If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.如果明

5、天下雨的話，我們就不能登山去了。用介詞代替條件狀語從句常用的介詞有with, without, but for。如：What would you do with a million dollars? (=if you had a million dollars)如果你有100萬元，你會(huì)做什么？We couldnt have finished the work ahead of time without your help. (=if we hadnt got your help)沒有你的幫助，我們不可能提前完成這項(xiàng)工作。Without your help, we couldnt have fi

6、nished the work ahead of time.= But for your help, = If it had not been for your help, = Had it not been for you help, 沒有你的幫助，我們不可能提前完成這項(xiàng)工作。含蓄條件句有時(shí)在虛擬語氣中并不總是出現(xiàn)if引導(dǎo)的條件句，而是通過其他手段來代替條件句。如：I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meeting. (副詞)He telephoned to inform me of you

7、r birthday, or I would have known nothing about it. (連詞)A man who stopped drinking water would be dead in about seven days. (定語從句)I might have given you more help, but I was too busy. (連詞)Everything taken into consideration, they would have raised their output quickly. (獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu))even if, even though也可

8、用于虛擬語氣，其形式與if 從句在虛擬語氣中的形式相同。 虛擬語氣(2)虛擬語氣在名詞從句中1.在由suggest, demand, require, request, insist, order, command, propose等表示建議、請(qǐng)求、命令、愿望等動(dòng)詞或其同根詞引出的名詞從句中，名詞從句虛擬句的謂語變化的形式只有一條規(guī)律名詞從句虛擬句無論其主句的謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)何種形式，從句的謂語形式均為should+動(dòng)詞原形，其中should可以省去。（特別提醒：不是用would,而是用should。）常見的這類動(dòng)詞有: ask要求, advise, beg, suggest建議, command命

9、令, demand要求，request請(qǐng)求, insist, require要求, order下令, propose, advice, recommend, intend, prefer寧愿, permit, persuade, expect, decide決定, instruct, object, determine, urge, appoint等等Our teacher suggested that we (should) not leave the classroom. 老師建議我們不要離開教室。He insisted that she do it right now. 他堅(jiān)持她馬上就做

10、。在It is/was +上述動(dòng)詞的-ed形式+that從句中It is suggested by the doctor that I should give up smoking. 醫(yī)生建議我戒煙。當(dāng)上述動(dòng)詞以其名詞形式出現(xiàn)，并且被用作主語，引導(dǎo)一個(gè)表語從句或者同位語從句時(shí)My suggestion is that we (should) set out tomorrow morning. 我建議我們明早動(dòng)身。The suggestion that the sports meeting (should) put off2. 在It is /was necessary, important等形

11、容詞+that從句中，常見的這類形容詞有:necessary, important, essential, vital, advisable, urgent, desirable, natural, strange, imperative等It is necessary that you should attend the meeting. 你有必要參加會(huì)議。It is imperative that you arrive there in time. 你必須按時(shí)到達(dá)那兒。在It is a pity (a shame, no wonder)+that從句中It is a pity that y

12、ou fail the exam.It is no wonder he be late for class.虛擬語氣(3)虛擬語氣的其他用法在wish后面的賓語從句中對(duì)現(xiàn)在的虛擬，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用過去時(shí)I wish I were a little younger.我希望我能夠年輕一點(diǎn)。對(duì)過去的虛擬，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用過去完成時(shí)(had done)或“would/could+現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)”I wish I had been there. 我真希望我當(dāng)時(shí)在那里。I wish I had not attended that party. 我真希望我當(dāng)時(shí)沒參加那個(gè)聚會(huì)。對(duì)將來的虛擬，從句的謂語用“woul

13、d/could+動(dòng)詞原形”I wish he could explain what he means.在if only感嘆句中表示“但愿”，“要是就好了”用法和wish基本相同，只是比wish具有更強(qiáng)烈的感情色彩。If only the rain would stop. (對(duì)將來的虛擬)但愿雨能停。If only I were taller. (對(duì)現(xiàn)在的虛擬)我的個(gè)子要是能高一點(diǎn)就好了。If only I had followed your advice! (對(duì)過去的虛擬)要是我聽從了你的建議就好了！在as if/as though引導(dǎo)的從句中表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在情況有所懷疑，謂語用過去

14、時(shí)I really dont like the way you are speaking to me. It seems as if you were my father. 我真的非常討厭你和我說話的方式。你聽起來就好像是我爸爸。表示與過去事實(shí)相反，謂語用過去完成時(shí)He kept telling us what had happened as if he had been there himself. 他不停地和我們講發(fā)生的事情，好像他當(dāng)時(shí)在場一樣。有時(shí)也用陳述語氣，這時(shí)表示較大的真實(shí)性或可能性It is becoming dark. It looks as if its going to r

15、ain. 天變黑了，似乎就要下雨了。It seems as if he had been to America. 他好像去過美國。在would rather結(jié)構(gòu)中would rather do sth. 表示將來或現(xiàn)在的事件，“主語寧愿自己做某事”I would rather go there tomorrow. 我想明天去那里。He would rather not stay at home tonight. 他今晚不想在家呆著。would rather have done sth. 表示過去的事件，“主語寧愿自己過去做了某事，但實(shí)際上沒有做”She would rather not hav

16、e gone to the party. 她覺得真是不該去參加那個(gè)晚會(huì)。would rather sb. Did 表示的是將來或現(xiàn)在的事件，“主語寧愿讓另外一個(gè)人做某事” Dont come tomorrow. Id rather you came next weekend. 明天就別來了，我希望你下周末過來。would rather sb. had done 表示過去的事件，“主語寧愿別人過去做了某事，但實(shí)際上沒有做” I would rather you had returned the book yesterday. 我真希望你昨天把這本書還了。在 It is (about, high)

17、 time+(that)從句中從句中用過去時(shí)，表示早該做而未做的事，并含有建議的意味。It is high time that we began to work. 咱們應(yīng)該開始干活了。練習(xí)題1. If my lawyerhere last Saturday, heme from going.A.had been, would have prevented B.had been, would preventC.were, would prevent D.were, would have prevented2. If itfor the snow, wethe mountain yesterday

18、.A.were not, could have climbedB.were not, could climbC.had not been, could have climbedD.had not been, could climb3. Without electricity(電) human lifequite difficult today.A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be4. I didnt see your sister at the meeting, if she, she would have met my brother.A. has come B. did com