高考英語短文改錯解題套路技巧歸納大全

1、高考英語短文改錯解題套路技巧歸納大全一 短文改錯萬能公式1.謂語動詞的錯誤是歷年考試的重點(diǎn)和熱點(diǎn)，常見動詞錯誤類型有：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)錯用;and前后動詞時(shí)態(tài)不一致;主謂不一致;缺少動詞,特別是be動詞;第三人稱單數(shù)形式錯用;主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)錯用。2.名詞的常見錯誤：單復(fù)數(shù)名詞錯用，可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞錯用。3.連詞錯誤：連詞包括關(guān)系代詞、副詞，并列連詞and/or/but等。關(guān)于連詞，一般考查從句關(guān)系：who/whom/whose/what/which/how/why/when/where/if/whether等。4.冠詞錯誤：誤用a和an(根據(jù)單詞的第一個(gè)音素來判定);誤用a/an

2、和the(固定搭配，或泛指、特指;多冠詞或少冠詞)5.形容詞和副詞錯誤：系動詞后用形容詞(be/am/is/are/was/were/become/go/感官性動詞smell/feel);詞性的誤用(形容詞修飾名詞;副詞修飾動詞、形容詞)。6.代詞錯誤：代詞的主格和賓格(I/me;he/him;she/her;we/us they/them)錯誤;反身代詞(myself/yourself/himself/herself/themselves/ourselves)使用錯誤;代詞的單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)使用錯誤;代詞指代錯誤;多代詞或少代詞。7.非謂語動詞的常見錯誤：不定式、動名詞作主語、賓語時(shí);and連接的

3、不定式或動名詞前后不一致(尤其距離較遠(yuǎn)時(shí));介詞后用動名詞形式作賓語;某些動詞后要求接動名詞或不定式。8.介詞錯誤：詞組中的介詞誤用;介詞意思理解偏差;介詞的多用或少用二 短文改錯解答口訣動詞形，名詞數(shù);注意形和副;非謂動詞細(xì)辨別;習(xí)慣用法要記住;句子成分多分析;邏輯錯誤須關(guān)注。1、動詞形主要包括兩類錯誤：動詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)錯誤，以及主、謂不一致的錯誤。例如：My favourite sport is football. I was member of our school football team. Now my picture and prize is hanging in the lib

4、rary. (are)上述兩例分別屬于時(shí)態(tài)錯誤和主、謂不一致錯誤。找出此類錯誤的關(guān)鍵是樹立牢固的時(shí)態(tài)概念，注意短文內(nèi)容發(fā)生或存在的時(shí)間，保持時(shí)間概念的一致性。2、名詞數(shù)指名詞單、復(fù)數(shù)形式的用法錯誤。常表現(xiàn)為將名詞復(fù)數(shù)寫成單數(shù)。例如：so that Ill get good marks in all my subject. (subjects)3、區(qū)分形和副即區(qū)分形容詞和副詞在句子中的作用和具體用法。這也是高考短文改錯的常考點(diǎn)。例如：Im sure well have a wonderfully time together. (wonderful)Unfortunate, there are t

5、oo many people in my family. (Unfortunately)需要注意的是，形容詞多用來做定、表、補(bǔ)語等，而副詞只能在句子中作狀語，修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子。第一例中的wonderful作定語修飾time，第二句的Unfortunately作狀語修飾整個(gè)句子。4、非謂動詞細(xì)辨別這是考查最多的錯誤形式之一。主要有分詞和動名詞類錯誤，也包括不定式類錯誤。例如：in my spare time, but now I am interesting in football. (interested)Play football not only makes us grow

6、 up tall and strong but also (playing)My parents love me and will do all they can make sure (to)上述二、三例分別是動名詞作主語，和不定式作目的狀語。一般的，現(xiàn)在分詞有主動態(tài)和進(jìn)行時(shí)的含義，而過去分詞具有被動態(tài)和完成時(shí)的含義，不定式有將來時(shí)態(tài)的含義。5、習(xí)慣用法要記住主要考查習(xí)慣搭配方面的基礎(chǔ)知識。這也是歷年高考的?？键c(diǎn)，其錯誤表現(xiàn)形式主要有三種：多詞、少詞和搭配錯誤。例如：It was very kind for them to meet me at the railway station and

7、(of)We must keep in mind that we play for the team instead ourselves. (of)6、句子成分多分析不同的句子成分要用不同的詞類;不同的語景要選擇不同的詞語。這些都有待我們對句子結(jié)構(gòu)和句子成分作細(xì)致的分析，才能找出用詞不當(dāng)?shù)腻e誤。例如：Theyeager to know everything about China and (were)I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China. (which)第一例漏掉了謂語動詞were，這是受寒于習(xí)慣的影響而導(dǎo)致的錯誤;第二例則是詞類與它

8、在句子中的成分不相符，where是副詞，不能作主語。7、邏輯錯誤須關(guān)注與句子的上、下文不一致，甚至相矛盾，屬于邏輯性錯誤。如稱謂上的張冠李戴，人名、地名、時(shí)間、方位等方面的錯誤，常是這類錯誤的考查對象。例如：The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home.(their)First, let me tell you something more about myself.(去掉more)no way of setting the matter except by selling the set.Now someone at home reads i

9、nstead. (everyone)上述第一例中的主語是Smiths(史密斯夫婦倆)，因此后面的his不合邏輯。第二例中的more在這兒表“再”的意思，才開始告訴別人，怎么能說“再告訴你一些事”?第三例講的是為了解決看電視時(shí)的爭端，“我們”把電視機(jī)賣了;晚上沒電視看了，所以與從前一樣，大家又都讀書了，所以該用everyone。除了上述錯誤類型外，常考的錯誤形式還有：連詞but, and, or和so的用法錯誤(可以歸類為邏輯錯誤)，以及冠詞的用法錯誤等。例如：She was smiling but nodding at me.(and)It looks as if my parents tre

10、at me as a visitor and a guest.(or)We may be one family and live under a same roof.(the)三 短文改錯參考原則1.改動以最少為原則;2.虛詞以添加或刪除為原則;3.實(shí)詞以改變詞形為原則;4.以保持句子原意為原則;5.核對錯項(xiàng)時(shí)，若的確有一時(shí)難以改出的地方，可以參考所改動項(xiàng)是否基本符合“1：1：8”的比例：即多一詞1個(gè)，缺詞1個(gè)，錯詞8個(gè);6.核對改正的語法項(xiàng)目是否有重復(fù)，因?yàn)槎涛母腻e往往覆蓋面廣，一般不會出現(xiàn)重復(fù)考查某個(gè)語法點(diǎn)的現(xiàn)象;7.核對答題符號是否規(guī)范，位置是否準(zhǔn)確，看看有無遺漏符號，忽略字母大小寫和拼

11、寫等問題。四 實(shí)景演練短文改錯（共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10 分） 假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。 增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號（），并在其下面寫出該加的詞。 刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（）劃掉。 修改：在錯的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。 注意：1. 每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞； 2. 只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不計(jì)分。2016 全國卷My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I li

12、ve. Though not very big, but the restaurant is popular in our area. It is always crowded with customers at meal times. Some people even had to wait outside. My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest. Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or high quality oil are using for cookin

13、g. My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in the short period of time. Instead, he hopes that our business will grow steady.2016 全國卷The summer holiday is coming. My Classmates and I are talking about how to do during the holiday. We can chose between staying at home and take a trip. If we

14、stay at home, it is comfortable but there is no need to spend money. But in that case, we will learn little about world. If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden your view and gain knowledges we cannot get from books. Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby. I thought that it

15、 is a good idea. It does not cost many, yet we can still learn a lot. 2016 全國卷The teenage year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me. They were also the best and worse years in my life. At the first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by yourself. However, my parents di

16、dnt seem to think such. They always tell me what to do and how to do it. At one time, I even felt my parents couldnt understand me so I hoped I could be freely from them. I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes. Now I am leaving home to college. At last, I will be on my own, but I st

17、ill want to have my parents to turn to whenever need help. 參考答案2016 全國卷1. 第一句：that where2. 第二句：去掉but3. 第四句：had have4. 第五句：honest honesty5. 第六句：or and6. 第六句：using used7. 第七句：dreams of8. 第七句：the a9. 第八句：our his10. 第八句：steady steadily2016 全國卷1. 第二句：how what2. 第三句：chose choose3. 第三句：take taking4. 第四句：but and5. 第五句：about the 6. 第六句：yo