初中賓語從句講解練習(xí)及答案

1、(1) .賓語從句的種類賓語從句是一種名詞性從句，在句中作及物動詞的賓語，或介詞的賓語，或形容詞的賓語。根據(jù)引導(dǎo)賓語從句的不同連詞，賓語從句可分為三類。1 .由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。That只有語法作用，沒有實在的意義，在口語和非正式文體中可以省略。例如：Hesaid(that)hewantedtostayathome.Shedoesn'tknow(that)sheisseriouslyill.Iamsure(that)hewillsucceed.2 .由連接代詞who,whom,whose,what,which和連接副詞when,where,why,how引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。這些連接代

2、詞和連接副詞在賓語從句中充當(dāng)某個成分。例如：Doyouknowwho(whom)theyarewaitingfor?fHeaskedwhosehandwritingwasthebest.CanyoutellmewheretheNo.3busstopis?fIdon'tknowwhythetnaislate.3 .由if或whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。If和whether在句中的意思是是否"。例如：Iwanttoknowif(whether)helivesthere.fHeaskedmewhether(if)Icouldhelphim.(2) .賓語從句的語序賓語從句的語序應(yīng)為

3、陳述句的語序。例如：Ihear(that)physicsisn'teasy.Ithink(that)youwilllikethisschoolsoon.CanyoutellmehowIcangettozoo?Pleasetellmewhenwellhavethemeeting.(3) .賓語從何的時態(tài)1 .如果主句的時態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時，賓語從句該用什麼時態(tài)就用什麼時態(tài)。如：Idon'tthink(that)youareright.Pleasetelluswhereheis.CanyoutellmehowIcangettotherailwaystation?2 .如果主句的時態(tài)是一

4、般過去時，賓語從句只能用相應(yīng)的過去時態(tài)(一般過去時，過去進(jìn)行時，過去將來時，過去完成時)。例如：Heaskedwhattimeitwas.Hetoldmethathewaspreparingforthesportsmeet.HeaskedifyouhadwrittentoPeter.HesaidthathewouldgobacktotheU.S.soon.3 .如果賓語從句所陳述的是客觀真理，其時態(tài)常用一般現(xiàn)在時。例如：OurteachersaidthatJanuaryisthefirstmonthoftheyear.Scientistshaveprovedthattheearthturnsa

5、roundthesun.(4) .直接引語與間接引語引述別人的原話叫直接引語，用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話叫間接引語。這兩種引語都是賓語從句，但直接引語放在引號內(nèi)，不用連詞連接；間接引語不用引號，通常用連詞與主句聯(lián)接。直接引語變間接引語：1、變?nèi)朔Q（動詞的變化可根據(jù)實際情況，可用say,tell,ask,beg等）如果從句中的主語時第一人稱或被第一人稱所修飾。從句中的人稱要按照主句的人稱變化。Shesaid,“Mybrotherwantstogoshoppingwithme.”Shesaidherbrotherwantedtogoshoppingwithher.如果從句中的主語或賓語是第二人稱或被第

6、二人稱所修飾。從句中的人稱要跟引號外的主句的賓語一致。如果引號外的主句沒有賓語，也可以用第一人稱。HesaidtoKate,“Howisyoursisternow?"HeaskedtoKatehowhersisterwasthen.Hesaid,“Youaretooclever.”HesaidtomeIwastooclever.Hesaidhewastooclever.Heasked,“IsyourfatherolderthanyourmotherHeaskedmeifmyfatherisolderthanmymother.如果從句中的主語或賓語是第三人稱或被第三人稱所修飾，從句中的

7、人稱一般不需要變化。Mr.Smithsaid,“Jack(he)isagoodstudeMlr.SmithsaidJack(he)wasagoodboy.2、變時態(tài)主句時態(tài)為一般過去時，直接引語變間接引語時態(tài)要做相應(yīng)的變化：一般現(xiàn)在時變?yōu)橐话氵^去時，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時變?yōu)檫^去進(jìn)行時，一般將來時變?yōu)檫^去將來時現(xiàn)在完成時變?yōu)檫^去完成時，一般過去時變?yōu)檫^去完成時，過去完成時仍為過去完成時過去進(jìn)行時仍為過去進(jìn)行時某些代詞，限定詞，表示時間或地點(diǎn)的副詞和個別動詞在間接引語中的變化規(guī)則如下直接引語todaynowyesterdaythedaybeforeyesterdaytomorrowthedayafterto

8、morrownextweek/monthetclastweek/monthetcherethisthesecomebring間接引語thatdaythen,atthatmomentthedaybeforetwodaysbeforethenextday/thefollowingdaytwodaysafter,/intwodaysthenextweek/monthetctheweek/monthetc.beforetherethatthosegotake以下情況時態(tài)不變主句時態(tài)為各種現(xiàn)在時或一般將來時Hesays,“Icleanedtheroom.Hesayshecleanedtheroom.直接

9、引語是客觀真理Theteachersaid,“Theearthmovesaroundthesunr»The'teachersaidtheearthmovesaroundthesun.直接引語中的情態(tài)動詞沒有過去式或已為過去式Thedoctorsaid,“Youshouldstayinbedfor2daysThedoctorsaidIshouldbetterstayinbedfor2days.直接引語中有具體的過去某年、某月、某日作狀語Jacksaid,“IwasbornonApril21,1980.fJacksaidhewasbornonApril21,1980.直接引語如果

10、是一般現(xiàn)在時，表示一種反復(fù)出現(xiàn)或習(xí)慣性的動作，變成間接引語時態(tài)不變。Hesaid,“IgetupatsixeverymorningsHesaidhegetsupatsixeverymorning.3、變狀語時間狀語變化：now變?yōu)閠hen；yesterday變?yōu)閠hedaybefore;today變?yōu)閠hatday.Hesaid,“Iwanttogoswimmingnow.»Hesaidhewantedtogoswimmingthen.地點(diǎn)狀語變化(尤其表示方向性的)：here變?yōu)閠hereHesaid,“Youshouldcomehereat7:00.Hesaidshouldgot

11、hereat7:00.指示代詞變化：this變?yōu)閠hatHesaid,“Thisbookismine.Hesaidthatbookwashis.4、變句型陳述句變?yōu)橐詔hat引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。Hesaid,"I'mveryglaH.esaidthathewasveryglad.一般疑問句變?yōu)橐詉f(whether)引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。Hesaid,“Canyoucomethisafternoon,John?Heaskedif(whether)Johncouldcomethatafternoon.特殊疑問句變?yōu)橛蓋ho,what,when等疑問句引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。Hesaid,“Whe

12、reisMr.Wang?HesaidwhereMr.Wangwas.直接引語是祈使句變?yōu)閠ell(ask,order,beg等)sb.(not)todosth.句型“Openthedoor,please,“saidshe.(MarSheid)skedhim(me)toopenthedoor.直接引語是let'開頭的祈使句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時，通常用“suggest+動名詞或從句Hesaid,"Let'sgotoseethemovies.”fHesuggestedgoingtoseethemovies.fHesuggestedthattheyshouldgotoseethe

13、movies.練習(xí)一、單想選擇1. Doyouknowduringthecomingsummerholiday?A.whatwillTomdoB.whatdidTomdoC.whatTomwilldoD.whatTomdid2. Iwanttoknow.A.whatishisnameB.what'hisnameC.thathisnameisD.whathisnameis3. DoyouknowIcouldpasstheexam?A.thatB.whetherC.whatD.which4. Jimdoesn'tunderstand.A.whichisthewaytothemuse

14、umB.whyhiswifealwaysgoesshoppingC.whatisthewaytothemuseumD.whydoesshealwaysgoshopping5. -Couldyoutellmesheislookingfor?A.thatB.whoseC.whoD.which6. Mr.Kingdidn'tknowyesterdayevening.A.whendoeshissoncomehomeB.whenhissoncomeshomeC.whendidhissoncomehomeD.whenhissoncamehome7. Couldyoutellmethebikethi

15、smorning?A.howdoeshemendB.howhemendsC.howhemendedD.howdidhemend8. -1'mwaitingforthemail.Doyouknowitwillarrive?-Usuallyitcomesby4:00.A.howB.whereC.whenD.what9. -Excuseme,wouldyoupleasetellme?-Certainly.Gostraightalonghere.It'snexttoahospital.A.howwecangettothepostofficeB.howcanwegettotheposto

16、fficeC.howgettothepostofficeD.howcouldwegettothepostoffice10. -CanIhelpyou?-Yes.I'dlikeatickettoMountEmei.Canyoutellmetaketogetthere?A.howsoonwillitB.howsoonitwillC.howlongitwillD.howlongwillit11. Hewantedtoknow.A.whetherhespeaksatthemeetingB.whenthemeetingwouldstartC.whathesgoingtodoatthemeetin

17、gD.wherewouldthemeetingbeheld12. -CouldyoutellmetheBambooGarden?-Thedayaftertomorrow,Ithink.A.whenwillyouvisitB.whenyouwillvisitC.whenwouldyouvisitD.whenyouwouldvisit13. Wouldyoupleasetellmenext,MrWang?A.whatshouldwedoB.weshoulddowhatC.whatweshoulddoD.shouldwedowhat14. Youcan'timaginewhentheyrec

18、eivedtheseniceChristmaspresents.A.howtheywereexcitedB.howexcitedtheywereC.howexcitedweretheyD.theywerehowexcited15. Iwanttoknowyouwillcomebackat8:00tomorrow.A.thatB.whenC.whereD.whether16. -Couldyoutellme?-Sorry,Idon'tknow.Iwasnotatthemeeting.A.whatdoeshesayatthemeetingB.whatdidhesayatthemeeting

19、C.whathesaysatthemeetingD.whathesaidatthemeeting17. -Couldyoutellmelastnight?-Er,IwaswatchingEuro2004athome.A.whatyouweredoingB.whatwereyoudoingC.whatyouaredoingD.whatareyoudoing18. Theteacheraskedthestudents.A. iftheywereinterestedindinosaursB. whenwasAlbertEinsteinbornC. whattheywilldowiththecompu

20、tersD. howmanytreestheyhaveplanted19. Everymorningthepatientsareaskediftheirtemperaturetaken.A.theyhadhadB.havetheyhadC.theyhavehadD.hadtheyhad20.It'suptoyoutodecideyou'llgothere,byairorbyroad.A.howB.whyC.thatD.when二.根據(jù)漢語句子的意思完成下列英語句子1 .李明說他對玩電腦游戲感興趣。LiMingsaysinterestedinplayingcomputergame

21、s.2 .我認(rèn)為瑪麗不回來了。Idon'tthinkMary.3 .山姆給我說他準(zhǔn)備去上海。SamtoldmethatheforShanghai.4 .請你告訴我去鐘樓怎麼走嗎？CouldyoutellmeIcangettotheBellTower?5 .父親說他買了一臺新電腦。Fathersaidthatheanewcomputer.6 .我想知道今天晚上還有沒有去北京的火車。IwanttoknowthereisatraintoBeijing.7 .你知道一個雙人間多少錢嗎？Doyouknowadoubleroom?8 .請你告訴我我們外出多長時間好嗎？Couldyoutellmew

22、e'regoingtobeaway?9 .叔叔說他正在寫一本新小說。Unclesaidthatheanewnovel.10 .杰克說他有重要事情要做。Jacksaidhesomethingimportanttodo.直接引語與間接引語練習(xí)請將下面的直接引語變成間接引語：1. “Inevereatmeat.d.hesaiHesaidthatnevermeat.2. “Ihavefoundmywallet."hesaidtome.Hemethathewallet.3. Theteachersaid,“Thesunrisesintheeastandgoesdowninthewest.Theteachersaidthatthesunintheeastanddowninthewest.4. “Youmustcomeherebeforefive."hesaid.HesaidthatItogobeforefive.5. Hesaid,“Youcansithere,Jim.”HeJimthat