初三英語總復(fù)習(xí)簡單句、陳述句

1、第40講簡單句、陳述句、一般/特殊/選擇/反意疑問句、祈使句、感嘆句【復(fù)wn標(biāo)】掌握什么叫他華句、，能理解根據(jù)句子的功能，把簡單句分成4類。掌握各種類型的句子的結(jié)構(gòu)?！敬饲皽?zhǔn)答】要求學(xué)卞了解茴單句叮并列句、復(fù)合句之間的M別T并在課前進彳"類,理解?！局R要點】只有一個主語(或并列主語)和一個謂語(或并列謂語)的句子叫簡單.句。1 .根據(jù)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)，簡單句可分為5沖：(1)S+V(2)S+V+O(3)S+V+P(4)S+V+InO+DO(5)S+V+O+C此外，還有therebe句型，這一句型具有就近原則，也即謂語動詞用單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)要看接近于be動詞的那個名詞。2 .根據(jù)句子的功能，簡

2、單句可分為4類，陳述句、疑問句、祈使句、感嘆句(一)赤述句1 .“北式2 .否定我(1)加not構(gòu)成的否定句(2)由no,hardly,never,nobody,nothing等構(gòu)成的否定句。其中兩者的全部否定用neither或nor,部分否定用both+not.如：NeitherofthemknowsFrench.Bothofthemdon'tknowFrench.三者或三者以上的全部否定用none,nothing,nobody,noone等，部分否定用all,many,every力口not構(gòu)成如：Noneoftheseanswersareright.Allthesebooksare

3、notmine.(3)在某些句子中，按語意應(yīng)放在that從句中的否定詞not被移前到主句的謂語動詞中，這種否定提前的情況用于think,believe,suppose等動詞，如：Idon'tbelieveitwillbeverycoldtomorrow.(二)疑問句按姑構(gòu)分為四和1 .一眼/間口：(1)用Yes,No來回答的另加句。(2)往往把be,助動同，,情態(tài)司M置于句首。(3)在一般疑問句中，如果提問人對答案沒有肯定或否定的意向，句中常用非肯定詞，如：Isthereanythingwrongwithyourcar?如果提問人對答案有肯定的意向，即希望得到肯定的回答，則在該用非肯定

4、詞的地方用肯定詞，如：Wouldyoulikesomedrink?因此，在招待客人或向人表示樂意提供幫助時，通常用some代替any。2 .特殊疑問句：用疑問代詞或疑問副詞提問的句子，不用Yes,No回匕(1)疑問詞作句子的賓語、狀語、表語或彳飾這三種成份時，用疑問詞+一般疑問句，如：Whenwillyougo?(2)疑問詞作主語或主語的定語時，與陳述句的順序相同，WhosefatherworksinShanghai?Whoisondutytoday?3 .反Q弦kl句(1)構(gòu)成：陳述句+簡略問句(前肯定，后否定或者前否定，后肯定)簡略問句的主語與陳述句保持一致，只能用人稱代詞(there除外

5、)，簡略問句的謂語動詞也與陳述句保持一致，加果是否定,一定要用簡信。.Jimisn'tastudent,ishe?/Therearesomebooksinit,aren'tthere?(2)陳述部分I'm.結(jié)構(gòu)，疑問部分一般用aren'tI,圳：I'mlate,aren'tI?(3)陳述句中有l(wèi)ittle,few,no,never,nothing,nobody,hardly等詞表不否定時,商箏問句川懺定。(4)陳述句中有指物的不定代詞nothing,something,anything時，簡短問句中用代詞it,陳述句中有指人的不定代詞everyo

6、ne,noone,someone,everybody,nobody,anybody時，簡短問句中用代詞he或they,如：Everyoneishere,aren'tthey/isn'the?(5)陳述句的主語是指示代詞this,that等時，疑問部分的主語在形式上與前者不同，但在邏輯上卻與前者一致，如:Thisisveryimportant,isn'tit?(6)陳述部分如果是"I(don't)think(believe,suppose)+賓語從句”時，疑問部分中的動詞和主語應(yīng)與賓語從句中的主語和動詞保持一致，如：Idon'tbelievesh

7、eknowsit,doesshe?(7)含有情態(tài)動詞must的句子表示猜測時，疑問部分與must后面部分一致，不能用mustn't,如：Youmustbetired,aren'tyou?當(dāng)must表示"有必要"時，疑問部分用needn't,如：Youmustgohomerightnow,needn'tyou?當(dāng)mustn't表示禁止時，疑問部分一般用must,加：Youmustn'twalkongrass,mustyou?(8)的使總的問甸肯定祈使句+willyou/won'tyou?否定祈使句+willyou?Let

8、's+shallwe?(包括又)Letus+willyou?(不包括對方)(9)感嘆句的反意疑問句一律用否定式，并用be的一般現(xiàn)在.時，加：Whatalovelygirl,isn'tshe?(10)前面否定后面肯定的反意疑問句在回答時，需根據(jù)其實際情況，實際情況是肯定的，則用Yes+肯定結(jié)構(gòu)，實際情況是否定的，則用No+否定結(jié)構(gòu),如：Youcan'tspeakEnglish,canyou?Yes,Ican(不，我會的)(11)關(guān)于“'d”和“'st!注意比較：He'dlikeacupoftea,wouldn'the?/You'db

9、ettergonow,hadn'tyou?He'sneverlateforschool,ishe?/He'sneverbeenthere,hashe?4 .選擇疑問句：選擇疑問句是用or連接詢問的兩部分，以供選擇，答案必須是完整的句子或其省略形式，不能用Yes或No回答，如：AreyouJimorTom?I'mTom.O祈使句用以表示命令、清求或建儀,主語通.常省略?？隙ㄊ街^語用動詞原形，否定式用"Don't(Never)+動詞原形"，Standup,please./Don'tbeafraid.(匹)感嘆句：用以表.示快樂、瘠

10、苫等優(yōu)烈感情的句子稱為感嘆句。感嘆句有用how或what開頭的兩種形式。1. How“：頭白感以句(1) How+形容詞(副詞)+主語+請如:Howbeautifulthefloweris!(2) How修飾動詞，句型是“How+fc+請二S'：HowIwishIcouldhearBeethovenhimselfplayit!(3) How+形容詞(副詞)，省略主語和加語，til：Howinteresting(itis)!2. what11：頭1勺感:反句：(1)What+(a)+形容詞+名詞+主語+請詰，削：Whatanicehorseitis!Whatfineweather!Wha

11、tgoodnews!(2)What(a)+名詞！Whatapity!【典型例題解析】例1-Sheisn'tadancingteacher,isshe?A.Yes,sheisn'tB.No,sheisC.Yes,shewasn'tD.No,sheisn't解析前面否定后面肯定的反意疑問句，在回答時要注意前后一致，故選D。例2Youthinkheisadoctor,?A.isn'theB.isheC.doyouD.don'tyou解析本題若是以Ithink或Idon'tthink開頭，則簡短問句與從句保持一致，用isn'the,但此題

12、用的是Youthink,所以簡短問句應(yīng)與主句保持一致，故選D例3totravelbyboatonahotsummernight!A.HowpleasantisB.SopleasantC.SuchapleasureD.Howpleasantitis解析本題是以How開頭的感嘆句，按照“How冊容詞(副詞)+主語+謂語”，應(yīng)選D例4-Didn'tyouplaybasketballlastSunday?A.No,IdidB.Yes,Ididn'tC.Yes,IdidD.No,Iplay解析本題是反問句，回答時應(yīng)注意前后一致，即用Yes,Idid或No,Ididn't,故選C；

13、例5Whatnicefood,?A.isitB.doesitC.isnt'itD.doesn'tit解析這是感嘆句的反意疑問句，要用be的一般現(xiàn)在時，并運用其否定式，故選Co【選訐例題】例6Lucyisunhappy,?A.issheB.isn'tsheC.isLucyD.isn'tLucy解析反意疑問句若前句是肯定形式則簡短問句用否定形式，并用代詞來代替人名，另外，不可把unhappy當(dāng)成nothappy,故選B例7Letuspass,?A.shan'tweB.shallweC.won'tweD.willyou解析用Letus開頭的祈使句的反意

14、疑問句，簡短問句往往用willyou,表示不包括對方，故選D?！菊n內(nèi)出蹤線習(xí)】亢成卜列反意命問句1. Catherineisagirl'sname,isn'tit?2. Iamateacher,aren'tI?3. There'slittlewaterintheglass,isthere?4. Don'ttakethebookoutofthelibrary,willyou?5. He'llneverforgetit,willhe?6. Let'shavearest,shallwe?7. IthinkKatespeaksEnglishwel

15、l,doesn'tshe?8. ThatboymustbeTom,isn'the?【復(fù)習(xí)小結(jié)】1、牢固掌握各種句工晨2、熟記反意疑問句的各種類型?！菊n外鞏固練習(xí)】-、選擇填空(B)9.weatherwearehavingtoday!A.WhatafineB.WhatfineC.HowfineD.Howfinea(A)10.-What'sthedatetoday?-It's.A.OctobertheninthB.WednesdayC.averynicedayD.thedayformetogohome(B)11.Noonecanstopusfromgoingther

16、e,?A.can'titB.cantheyC.can'ttheyD.canone(A)12.-isyourfather?-He'sateacherinamiddleschool.A.WhatB.WhoC.WhichD.Where(B)13.-isthatman?-He'smyteacher.A.WhatB.WhoC.WhichD.How一、句型代換14. Thereissomebreadinthebag.(改一般疑問句)Isthereanybreadinthebag?15. Ihavebrothersandsisters.(改為否定句)Idon'thav

17、ebrothersorsisters.16. Sheisaverykindgirl.(改為感嘆句)Whatakindgirlsheis!Howkindthegirlis!17. Allofusarestudents.(改為否定句)Noneofusarestudents.18. Jimwenttoschoolbybike(onfoot)(改為選擇疑問句)DidJimgotoschoolbybikeoronfoot?三、仁成二點盤問句19. Thesuit'sfinished,isn'tit?20. He'spostedtheletter,hasn'the?21.

18、They'dgowithus,wouldn'tthey?22. She'sourteacher,isn'tshe?23. Waitaminute,willyou?24. Nothingseemstoberight,doesit?25. Shehasbreakfastat6everyday,doesn'tshe?26. Whatanicepresent,isn'tJt?27. Wangsaidthathewasnotthere,didn'the/she?28. You'dbetternotsmokehere,hadyou?四、改錯Whenamanknockedatthedoor,Iwasjustputonmyclothes.SoIkepthimwaitforawhileandthenIopenedthedooronhim.ButtherewasnobodyoutsideandIwasverysurpriseattha