句子結(jié)構(gòu)和分類完整版

1、英語句子成分和英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)講解1. 主語（subject）:句子說明的人或事物。Helikesdancing.（代詞）Seeingisbelieving.（動(dòng)名詞）Whatheneedsisabook.（主語從句）Thesunrisesintheeast.（名詞）Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.（數(shù)詞）Toseeistobelieve.（不定式）Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.（It形式主語，主語從句是真正主語）2. 謂語（predicate）:說明主語的動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)和特征，謂語由動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成，

2、分簡(jiǎn)單謂語和復(fù)合謂語。簡(jiǎn)單謂語-簡(jiǎn)單謂語由動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞組組成。WestudyEnglish.Helookedaftertwoorphans.復(fù)合謂語-復(fù)合謂語是由“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞”構(gòu)成，“連系動(dòng)詞+表語”也可構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語。HecanspeakEnglishverywell./Theworkmustbedonebeforethreeo'lock.HeiswatchingTVnow./Heseemsunhappy.3. 表語（predicative）:系動(dòng)詞之后的成分，表示主語的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)和特征。Heisateacher.（名詞）Seventy-four!Youdon'tl

3、ookit.（代詞）Fiveandfiveisten.（數(shù)詞）Heisasleep.（形容詞）Hisfatherisin.（副詞）Thepictureisonthewall.（介詞短語）Wewillmakethemhappy.（形容詞）Wefoundnobodyin.（副詞）（形容詞化的分詞）Mywatchisgone/missing/lost.Towearafloweristosay“I'mpoor,Ican'tbuyaring.（不定式）Thequestioniswhethertheywillcome（表語從句）（常見的系動(dòng)詞有:be,sound,look,feel,sme

4、ll,taste,remain,feel,keep,stay,turn,become,get,go,come）Itsoundsagoodidea.Thesoundsoundsstrange.Hervoicesoundssweet.Tomlooksthin.Thefoodsmellsdelicious.Thefoodtastesgood.4濱語：1）動(dòng)作的承受者-動(dòng)賓IlikeChina.（名詞）Hehatesyou.（代詞）Howmanydoyouneed?Weneedtwo.（數(shù)詞）Weshouldhelptheoldandthepoor.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.（動(dòng)名詞）

5、Ihopetoseeyouagain.（不定式）Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?（賓語從句）2）介詞后的名詞、代詞和動(dòng)名詞-介賓Areyouafraidofthesnake?Underthesnow,therearemanyrocks.3）雙賓語-間賓（指人）和直賓（指物）Hegavemeabookyesterday.Givethepoormansomemoney.5.賓補(bǔ)：有些及物動(dòng)詞的賓語后需要添加部分內(nèi)容對(duì)賓語進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明，這部分內(nèi)容為賓語補(bǔ)足語。Weelectedhimmonitor.（名詞）Weallthinkitapitythatshedidn'tcom

6、ehere.（名）Pleasemakeyourselfathome.介詞短語）Don'tlethimdothat.（省to不定式）Hisfatheradvisedhimtoteachthelazyboyalesson.（帶to不定式）Don'tkeepthelightsburning.（現(xiàn)在分詞）I'llhavemybikerepaired.（過去分詞）注意：主動(dòng)語態(tài)變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)后，賓語補(bǔ)足語就變成了主語補(bǔ)足語。Hewaselectedmonitor./Shewasfoundsinginginthenextroom./Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazy

7、boyalesson.若復(fù)合賓語中，賓語部分過長(zhǎng)，此時(shí)可以用形式賓語it，而真正的賓語后移。常見的結(jié)構(gòu)有：think/believe/feel/find/consider/+it+adj./n.+todo/that從句。Ifeeljt_strangethatsheshouldchangehermindatthelastminute.Imakeit_aruletorecite15wordseveryday.7. 定語：修飾或限制名詞或代詞的詞、詞組或句子。AiYanlingisachemistryteacher.（名詞）Heisourfriend.（代詞）Webelongtothethirdwo

8、rld.（數(shù)詞）Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.（形容詞）Themanoverthereismyoldfriend.（畐U詞）Thewomanwithababyinherarmsismysister.（介詞）TheboysplayingfootballareinClass2.（現(xiàn)在分詞）Thetreesplantedlastyeararegrowingwellnow.（過去分詞）Ihaveanideatodoitwell.（不定式）YoushoulddoeverythingthatIdo.（定語從句）8. 狀語：用來修飾v.,adj.,adv.,or句

9、子。表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、程度、條件、方式和讓步。（以下例句按上述順序排列）Iwillgotheretomorrow.Themeetingwillbeheldinthemeetingroom.Themeatwentbadbecauseofthehotweather.HestudieshardtolearnEnglishwell.Hedidn'tstudyhardsothathefailedintheexam.Ilikesomeofyouverymch.Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpasstheexam.Hegoestoschoolbybike.Thoughh

10、eisyoung,hecandoitwell.9. 同位語。與句中的某些成分，常常是名詞或代詞，是同一意思?？苫ハ嗵鎿Q。Westudentsshouldstudyhard.DoyourememberDr.Wang,onewhotooktheplaceofourmathteacher?句子結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單句的七個(gè)基本句型主語不及物動(dòng)詞Shecame./Myheadaches.主語不及物動(dòng)詞+狀語Herunsfast./Shedanceswell.主語及物動(dòng)詞+賓語ShelikesEnglish.主語系動(dòng)詞+主語補(bǔ)語（也成表語）Sheishappy.主語+及物動(dòng)詞+間接賓語+直接賓語ShegaveJohn

11、abook./Sheboughtabookforme.主語+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語+狀語Sheputallthebooksonthedesk./Shetreatsherstudentsverywell.主語+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)語Shemakeshermotherangry.Theteacheraskedmetoreadthepassage.句子的分類（從句子結(jié)構(gòu)來講，句子可分為三類）一、簡(jiǎn)單句：由一個(gè)主語（或并列主語）和一個(gè)謂語（或并列謂語）構(gòu)成的句子。eg.Wecleanedthewindowsandtidiedtheroom./LiHuaandLiQingwenttheretogether.S

12、hewentout,boughtabottleofwineandreturnedhurriedly.二、并歹U句：由并歹U連詞and,/but/yet/so/or/for/notonlybutalso,/neithernor/eitheror等把兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡(jiǎn)單句連起來的句子。eg.1）1comefromChinaandhecomesfromJapan.2）Hurryup,oryou'llmissthetrain.3）Helookedforiteverywhere,buthecouldn'tfindit.4）Shedidn'tknowtheanswertothequ

13、estion,sosheaskedtheteacher.5）He'sinterestedinmusicwhileJohnisinterestedinsports.6）Neitherwillhegohomenorwillhegotoschool.三、復(fù)合句（主從復(fù)合句）：從句分三大類分別是：1. 定語從句Doyouknowthegirlwhoisinred?Thatisthenewmachinewhosepartsaretoosmalltobeseen.2. 名詞性從句（主語從句；賓語從句；表語從句；同位語從句）Whatisknowntousallisthatthe2008Olympic

14、GameswilltakeplaceinBeijing.Whenthenewscamethatthewarbrokeout,hedecidedtoserveinthearmy.I'dliketostartmyownbusinessthat'whatI"ddoifIhadthemoney.Thevillagershavealreadyknownwhatwe'lidoistorebuiltthebridge.3. 狀語從句（時(shí)間狀語從句；讓步狀語從句；原因狀語從句；地點(diǎn)狀語從句；方式狀語從句；條件狀語從句；比較狀語從句；目的狀語從句；結(jié)果狀語從句）Iwasabou

15、ttoleavewhensomebodyknoekedatthedoor.Thoughheisachild,heknowsalotabouthistory.Thelittlegirlwon"gotosleepuniesshermothertellsherastory.一、指出下列句子成分：1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!5.Theywenthuntingtogether

16、earlyinthemorning.6.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.7. HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.8. ThereisgoingtobeanAmericanfilmtonight.9. HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.10.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.11.Hemanagedtofinishtheworkintime.12.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.13.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.14.Doyouhav

17、eanythingelsetosay?15. Tobehonest;yourpronunciationisnotsogood.16. Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress?17.Hesatthere,readinganewspaper.18. Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.19. Henoticedamanentertheroom.20.Theapplestastedsweet.1.Youshouldstudyhard.2Shewenthomeverylateyesterdayevening.3Thatmornin

18、gwetalkedagreatdeal.4Themeetingwilllasttwohours.5Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhometowninthepasttenyears.1.Iwrotealetterlastnight.2.1wanttotalkwithyouthisafternoon.3.Hehasreadthisbookmanytimes.4.Theyhavecarriedouttheplansuccessfully.5.Youmustfinishreadingthesebooksintwoweeks.1.Mybrothersareallcollegestudents.2.Inwinter,thedaysareshortandthenightsarelong.3MrsBrownlooksveryhealthy.4.Atthe