湖大考研暖通英語

1、Professional Englishfor Built Environment and Service Engineeringl Lecturers:Zhou Jinl Tel(O):-202l Mobile:l Email:zhoujin_ReviewSalvation Lies within“得救之道，就在其中得救之道，就在其中”考試題型考試題型一、專業(yè)詞匯翻譯（英譯漢，每題一、專業(yè)詞匯翻譯（英譯漢，每題3分，共分，共15分）分）二、單句翻譯（英譯漢，每題二、單句翻譯（英譯漢，每題6分，共分，共30分）分）三、單句翻譯（漢譯英，每題三、單句翻譯（漢譯英，每題5分，共分，共15分）分）四

2、、段落翻譯（共四、段落翻譯（共40分）分）考試成績占考試成績占70，平時成績占，平時成績占30練習：英譯漢練習：英譯漢Applying the measured global and diffuse solar radiation data from 78 meteorological stations in China, a countrywide general correlation model for calculating the daily diffuse radiation was derived on the basis of Liu and Jordan method. Tw

3、o widely used statistics: root mean square error and mean bias error were used to assess the performance of the correlation. And the correlation shows good behavior when applied to most of the stations. Subsequently, with the measured data from the 78 stations, an analysis of geographical distributi

4、on of solar energy resource in China was also presented in the form of clearness index (the ratio of global solar radiation to extraterrestrial radiation) percentage frequency, and results show that the solar energy resource in western and northern China is relatively abundant.練習：英譯漢練習：英譯漢Applying t

5、he daily global solar radiation data measured at least 10 years, the typical solar radiation year for 30 meteorological stations in China is generated using the FinkelsteinSchafer statistical method. Based on the typical solar radiation data obtained, the geographical difference of solar energy reso

6、urce of these 30 stations was also analyzed. The results in this paper will fill this gap that complete and detailed typical solar radiation data are not available for China, and will be useful to the designers of solar energy conversion and utilization devices.練習：英譯漢練習：英譯漢1）HVAC systems and the ass

7、ociated distribution systems often occupy a significant amount of space. Major components may also require special support from the structure. The size and appearance of terminal devices (i.e., diffusers, fan-coil units, radiant panels, etc.) have an affect on the architectural design because they a

8、re visible in the occupied space.2）The design engineer is responsible for considering various systems and recommending one or two that will satisfy the goal and perform as desired. It is imperative that the design engineer and the owner collaborate on identifying and rating the criteria associated w

9、ith the design goal.Unit One:HVACR and Internet heating 采暖采暖 供熱供熱 ventilation 通風通風air conditioning 空氣調(diào)節(jié)空氣調(diào)節(jié) refrigeration 制冷制冷HVACR 暖通空調(diào)制冷暖通空調(diào)制冷 technical sophistication 技術(shù)精通技術(shù)精通entrepreneur 企業(yè)家企業(yè)家 proprietary technology 專利技術(shù)專利技術(shù)highly educated 受過良好教育的受過良好教育的 Internet-savvy 熟悉網(wǎng)絡(luò)的熟悉網(wǎng)絡(luò)的Plumbing &

10、Drainage 給水、排水給水、排水 distance education 遠程教育遠程教育searching literature 文獻查詢文獻查詢 web-enabled 具有網(wǎng)絡(luò)功能的具有網(wǎng)絡(luò)功能的civil building 民用建筑民用建筑 industrial building 工業(yè)建筑工業(yè)建筑residential building 居住建筑居住建筑 public building 公共建筑公共建筑commercial building 商業(yè)建筑商業(yè)建筑 sizing HVAC components 確定空調(diào)系統(tǒng)部件容量大小確定空調(diào)系統(tǒng)部件容量大小Unit Two:Sustai

11、nable Built Environmentbuilt environment 建筑環(huán)境建筑環(huán)境 sustainability 可持續(xù)性可持續(xù)性sustainable development 可持續(xù)發(fā)展可持續(xù)發(fā)展 sustainable approach 可持續(xù)性方法可持續(xù)性方法integrated approach 集成化方法集成化方法 theory practice 理論與實踐理論與實踐life cycle analyses 壽命周期分析壽命周期分析 thermal comfort 熱舒適熱舒適visual comfort 視覺舒適視覺舒適 acoustic comfort 聲覺舒適聲覺

12、舒適indoor air quality 室內(nèi)空氣品質(zhì)室內(nèi)空氣品質(zhì) professional areas 專業(yè)領(lǐng)域?qū)I(yè)領(lǐng)域decision-making 決策決策 resource consumption 資源消耗資源消耗global energy consumption 全球能耗全球能耗 environmental impact 環(huán)境影響環(huán)境影響green house gas emissions 溫室氣體排放溫室氣體排放sick building symptoms 病態(tài)建筑綜合癥病態(tài)建筑綜合癥 financial gains 經(jīng)濟效益經(jīng)濟效益cost benefit analyses 成本收

13、益分析成本收益分析 interdisciplinary 跨學科的跨學科的promotional material 促銷材料促銷材料 academic research 學術(shù)研究學術(shù)研究dynamic characteristic 動態(tài)特性動態(tài)特性 apartment 公寓公寓dweller 居住者居住者 Building structure 建筑結(jié)構(gòu)建筑結(jié)構(gòu)Unit Three:Indoor Air QualityIndoor Air Quality (IAQ) 室內(nèi)空氣品質(zhì)室內(nèi)空氣品質(zhì)interdisciplinary 跨學科的跨學科的 concentration 濃度濃度Environme

14、ntal Sustainable Development 環(huán)境可持續(xù)發(fā)展環(huán)境可持續(xù)發(fā)展pollutants 污染物污染物 occupant 居住者、室內(nèi)人員居住者、室內(nèi)人員receptor 受體受體 indoor air pollutants 室內(nèi)空氣污染物室內(nèi)空氣污染物PM (Particulate Matter) 顆粒物顆粒物VOC (Volatile Organic Compounds) 揮發(fā)性有機化合物揮發(fā)性有機化合物ETS (environmental tobacco smoke) 吸煙引起的煙物吸煙引起的煙物pollutant distributions 污染物分布污染物分布 co

15、ntrol strategies 控制策略控制策略local exhaust 局部通風局部通風 residential life 日常生活日常生活deterministic model 確定性模型確定性模型 stochastic models 隨機模型隨機模型mass balance equations 質(zhì)量平衡方程質(zhì)量平衡方程 empirical model 經(jīng)驗模型經(jīng)驗模型reductionism approach 簡化法簡化法 expansionism approach 拓展法拓展法sampling 抽樣、取樣抽樣、取樣 environmental ecosystem 環(huán)境生態(tài)系統(tǒng)環(huán)境生

16、態(tài)系統(tǒng)inhalation 吸入吸入 genetic susceptibility 遺傳易感性遺傳易感性Unit Four:Energy Utilization and Conservation in BuildingsEnergy Utilization and Conservation 能源利用與節(jié)約能源利用與節(jié)約nonrenewable energy 不可再生能源不可再生能源 renewable energy 可再生能源可再生能源solar energy 太陽能太陽能 hydropower 水力發(fā)出的電力水力發(fā)出的電力geothermal energy 地熱能地熱能 electrical

17、 power 電能電能steam turbine 蒸汽輪機蒸汽輪機 mechanical power 機械能機械能energy efficient system 高能效系統(tǒng)高能效系統(tǒng) cost effectiveness 成本效率成本效率chilled water 冷凍水冷凍水 condenser water 冷卻水冷卻水ground source heat pumps 地源熱泵地源熱泵 geothermal energy 地熱能地熱能building energy consumption 建筑能耗建筑能耗 biomass energy 生物質(zhì)能生物質(zhì)能First (Second) Law o

18、f Thermodynamics 熱力學第一（二）定律熱力學第一（二）定律hydrodynamics 流體力學流體力學 thermodynamics 熱力學熱力學 thermocouple 熱電偶熱電偶 platinum resistance 鉑電阻鉑電阻power plant 電廠電廠CCHP（Combined Cooling Heating Power） System 熱電冷三聯(lián)供系統(tǒng)熱電冷三聯(lián)供系統(tǒng)heat gains 得熱量得熱量 heat losses 熱量損失熱量損失energy efficient system 節(jié)能系統(tǒng)節(jié)能系統(tǒng) existing building 既有建筑既有建

19、筑Unit Four:Energy Utilization and Conservation in BuildingsEnergy Utilization and Conservation 能源利用與節(jié)約能源利用與節(jié)約nonrenewable energy 不可再生能源不可再生能源 renewable energy 可再生能源可再生能源secondary equipment 二次設(shè)備二次設(shè)備 primary equipment 初級設(shè)備初級設(shè)備conditioned spaces 空調(diào)區(qū)空調(diào)區(qū) central plant 中央機組中央機組solar effects 太陽輻射的影響太陽輻射的影響

20、 internal gains 室內(nèi)得熱室內(nèi)得熱heat storage 蓄熱蓄熱 interior 內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)building envelope 建筑物圍護結(jié)構(gòu)建筑物圍護結(jié)構(gòu) infiltration （風）滲透（風）滲透piping losses or gains 管路熱損失或得熱管路熱損失或得熱 hour-by-hour simulation 逐時模擬逐時模擬 part-load characteristics 部分負荷性能部分負荷性能 energy audit 能源審計能源審計chiller 冷水機組冷水機組 capacity 容量容量variable-speed drivers

21、 變速驅(qū)動器變速驅(qū)動器 chilled water 冷凍水冷凍水condenser water 冷卻水冷卻水 cooling tower 冷卻塔冷卻塔water treatment 水處理水處理 hard water 硬水硬水feedwater systems 補水系統(tǒng)補水系統(tǒng)SEER: Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio 季節(jié)能效比季節(jié)能效比HSPF: Heating Seasonal Performance Factor 制熱季節(jié)性能系數(shù)制熱季節(jié)性能系數(shù)Unit Five:Heat Transfer heat transfer equipment 傳熱設(shè)備傳熱

22、設(shè)備 heat exchanger 熱交換器熱交換器boiler 鍋爐鍋爐 condenser 冷凝器冷凝器 radiator 散熱器散熱器 refrigerator 冰箱冰箱solar collector 太陽能集熱器太陽能集熱器 heat transfer rate 傳熱傳熱(速速)率率temperature difference 溫差溫差 factor of safety 安全系數(shù)安全系數(shù)experimental error 實驗誤差實驗誤差 operating condition 運行條件運行條件heat transfer coefficient 傳熱系數(shù)傳熱系數(shù) conduction

23、 傳導傳導convection 對流對流 radiation 輻射輻射sensible Heat 顯熱顯熱 latent heat 潛熱潛熱zero energy building 零能耗建筑零能耗建筑 low energy building 低能耗建筑低能耗建筑sizing problem 容量選擇的問題容量選擇的問題 differential equation 微分方程微分方程 variable 變量變量 derivative 導數(shù)導數(shù)decline in performance 性能的降低性能的降低 plate heat exchanger 板式換熱器板式換熱器shell and tub

24、e heat exchanger 殼管式換熱器殼管式換熱器finned tube heat exchanger 翅片管式換熱器翅片管式換熱器Unit Six:Turbulence and Complex Flowfluid dynamics, fluid mechanics, hydrodynamics 流體力學流體力學turbulent flow, turbulence 紊流湍流紊流湍流 laminar flow 層流層流Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) 直接模擬法直接模擬法Large Eddy Simulation (lES) 大渦模擬大渦模擬Reynol

25、ds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) 雷諾時均方程法雷諾時均方程法Reynolds number 雷諾數(shù)雷諾數(shù) dissipation 耗散耗散 viscous stress 粘性力粘性力 shear stress 剪切力剪切力thermal anemometry 熱線風速儀熱線風速儀 coherent structure 擬序結(jié)構(gòu)擬序結(jié)構(gòu)laser Doppler Velocimetry 激光多普勒測速儀激光多普勒測速儀two-phase flow 兩相流兩相流 multiphase flow 多相流多相流 continuum model 連續(xù)型模型連續(xù)型模型 d

26、ispersed phases 離散相、分散相離散相、分散相particle image velocimetry (PIV) 粒子圖像測速（技術(shù)）粒子圖像測速（技術(shù)）flow visualization 流動可視化流動可視化 momentum 動量動量sub-grid scale 次網(wǎng)格尺度（范圍）次網(wǎng)格尺度（范圍） phrase change 相變相變boundary conditions 邊界條件邊界條件 flow field 流動區(qū)域流動區(qū)域coordinate frame 坐標系坐標系 Galilean transformation 伽利略變換伽利略變換Unit Six:Turbule

27、nce and Complex Flowvector field 向量場向量場 frame-independent 不依靠坐標系的不依靠坐標系的Vorticity 渦量渦量 fine-scale effects 微尺度效應(yīng)微尺度效應(yīng)roughness 粗糙（度）粗糙（度） deformation 變形變形shearing stress 切應(yīng)力切應(yīng)力 pressure surge 壓力突然升高壓力突然升高water hammer 水錘現(xiàn)象水錘現(xiàn)象Unit Seven:Refrigeration and Refrigerantsvector field 向量場向量場 frame-independe

28、nt 不依靠坐標系的不依靠坐標系的refrigeration 制冷制冷 refrigeration system 制冷系統(tǒng)制冷系統(tǒng)refrigerant 制冷劑制冷劑 cooling medium 冷卻介質(zhì)冷卻介質(zhì)vapor compression system 蒸氣壓縮式系統(tǒng)蒸氣壓縮式系統(tǒng)absorption system 吸收式系統(tǒng)吸收式系統(tǒng) absorbent 吸收劑吸收劑 gas expansion system 氣體膨脹式系統(tǒng)氣體膨脹式系統(tǒng) brine 鹽水鹽水ozone depletion potential (ODP) 臭氧消耗潛能臭氧消耗潛能global warming pot

29、ential (GWP) 全球變暖潛能全球變暖潛能hydrocarbon 碳氫化合物碳氫化合物 halocarbon 鹵代烴鹵代烴phaseout 逐步停用或淘汰逐步停用或淘汰 alternative 替代物替代物Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) 氫氟烴氫氟烴Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) 氫氯氟烴氫氯氟烴Chlorofluorocarbons(CFCs) 氯氟烴氯氟烴Bromofluorocarbons(BFCs) Halons 溴氟烴溴氟烴HC（ Hydrocarbon） 碳氫碳氫 FC（Fluorocarbon） 氟烴氟烴azeotro

30、pic 共沸的共沸的 nonazeotropic 非共沸的非共沸的Unit Seven:Refrigeration and Refrigerantsvector field 向量場向量場 frame-independent 不依靠坐標系的不依靠坐標系的Four-way Reversing Valve 四通換向閥四通換向閥 lithium bromide 溴化鋰溴化鋰Ammonia 氨氨 cooling effect 冷卻作用冷卻作用heat source 熱源熱源 heat sink 熱匯熱匯cooling medium 冷卻介質(zhì)冷卻介質(zhì) throttle 節(jié)流節(jié)流 節(jié)流閥節(jié)流閥expansi

31、on valve 膨脹閥膨脹閥 capillary 毛細管毛細管absorbent 吸收劑吸收劑 solution 溶液溶液 direct-fired gas furnace 直燃式燃氣爐直燃式燃氣爐 waste heat 廢熱廢熱concentration 濃度濃度 volumetric composition 體積構(gòu)成體積構(gòu)成saturation temperature 飽和溫度飽和溫度 leak 泄漏泄漏charge 充注充注 dew point 露點（溫度）露點（溫度）bubble point 泡點（溫度）泡點（溫度） glide 滑移（溫度）滑移（溫度） Phaseout 逐步淘汰逐

32、步淘汰 centrifugal chillers 離心式冷水機離心式冷水機Reciprocation Compressor 往復式壓縮機往復式壓縮機 Rotary Compressor 轉(zhuǎn)子壓縮機轉(zhuǎn)子壓縮機Screw Compressor 螺桿式壓縮機螺桿式壓縮機 Scroll Compressor 渦旋式壓縮機渦旋式壓縮機Centrifugal Compressor 離心壓縮機離心壓縮機 mineral oil 礦物油礦物油Unit Eight:Boilerfeedwater 補水補水 bituminous coal 煙煤煙煤natural gas 天然氣天然氣 lignite 褐煤褐煤an

33、thracite coal 無煙煤無煙煤 peat 泥煤泥煤byproduct 副產(chǎn)品副產(chǎn)品 blast-furnace gas 高爐煤氣高爐煤氣carbon monoxide 一氧化碳一氧化碳 operating cost 運行費用運行費用fixed charge 固定支出固定支出 draft loss 通風熱損失通風熱損失sootblower 吹灰器吹灰器 economizer 省煤器省煤器air preheater 空氣預熱器空氣預熱器 chimney stack 煙囪煙囪water tube boiler 水管鍋爐水管鍋爐 fire tube boiler 火管鍋爐火管鍋爐steam

34、engine 蒸汽機蒸汽機 steam turbine 蒸汽輪機蒸汽輪機 蒸汽透平蒸汽透平pressure-reducing station 減壓站減壓站 auxiliary 輔助設(shè)備輔助設(shè)備 輔助的輔助的operating personnel 操作人員操作人員 cost of labor 人工費用人工費用first cost charge 初投資初投資 initial cost 初投資初投資long-term saving 長期收益長期收益 waste fuel 廢棄燃料廢棄燃料saturated steam 飽和蒸汽飽和蒸汽 superheated steam: ? unsaturated

35、 steam: ?Unit Nine:Heat Pumpsheat pump 熱泵熱泵 reversing valve 四通換向閥四通換向閥heating cycle 制熱循環(huán)制熱循環(huán) cooling cycle 制冷循環(huán)制冷循環(huán)indoor coil 室內(nèi)盤管室內(nèi)盤管 outdoor coil 室外盤管室外盤管frost 霜霜 結(jié)霜結(jié)霜 defrost 除霜除霜energy efficiency ratio (EER) 能效比能效比coefficient of performance (COP) 性能系數(shù)性能系數(shù)heating seasonal performance factor (HSP

36、F) 制熱季節(jié)性能系數(shù)制熱季節(jié)性能系數(shù)seasonal energy efficiency ratio (SEER) (制冷制冷)季節(jié)能效比季節(jié)能效比ambient temperatures 室外氣溫室外氣溫air-source heat pump 空氣源熱泵空氣源熱泵water-source heat pump 水源熱泵水源熱泵ground-water heat pump 地下水源熱泵地下水源熱泵geothermal closed-loop heat pump 閉環(huán)地源閉環(huán)地源(或土壤源或土壤源)熱泵熱泵Unit Ten:Comfort Heatingfire tube boilers 火管

37、鍋爐火管鍋爐 hydronic heating 循環(huán)供暖循環(huán)供暖secondary heat exchanger 二次換熱器二次換熱器 insulating effect 絕熱效應(yīng)絕熱效應(yīng) firebox 燃燒室燃燒室 alternate energy sources 替代能源替代能源cloud cover 云量云量 shorter wavelength 短波短波 longer wavelength 長波長波 absorber plate 吸收板吸收板antifreeze 防凍劑防凍劑 pressure storage tank 儲壓罐儲壓罐r(nóng)elief valve 排氣閥排氣閥 fiberg

38、lass 玻璃纖維玻璃纖維centrifugal pump 離心泵離心泵 check valve 逆止閥逆止閥thermostat 溫控器溫控器 auxiliary heater 輔助加熱器輔助加熱器control panel 控制臺控制臺(面板面板) greenhouse 溫室溫室ASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineers) 美國機械工程師協(xié)會美國機械工程師協(xié)會Unit Eleven: Ventilationventilation system 通風系統(tǒng)通風系統(tǒng) emission sources 排放源排放源 污染源污染源general ex

39、haust ventilation 全面通風全面通風 dilution ventilation 稀釋通風稀釋通風 local exhaust ventilation 局部通風局部通風 number of air changes 換氣次數(shù)換氣次數(shù) mixing efficiency 混合效率混合效率 hood 排風罩排風罩 contaminant 污染物污染物 make-up air 補充空氣補充空氣 air cleaner 空氣處理器空氣處理器 stacks 煙囪煙囪 static pressure 靜壓靜壓 velocity pressure 動壓動壓 axial flow fan 軸流風機

40、軸流風機 centrifugal fan 離心風機離心風機 entry losses 入口損失入口損失 friction losses 摩擦損失摩擦損失 precipitator 除塵器除塵器 cyclone 旋風除塵器旋風除塵器negative pressure 負壓負壓 positive pressure 正壓正壓 air-handling system (AHU) 空氣處理系統(tǒng)空氣處理系統(tǒng)ventilation criteria 通風標準、通風準則通風標準、通風準則Unit Twelve: Air Conditioning Systemsair conditioning system 空

41、氣調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)空氣調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)humidify 加濕加濕 dehumidify 除濕除濕filter 過濾過濾 過濾器過濾器 central-station system 集中式系統(tǒng)集中式系統(tǒng)unitary system 單元式系統(tǒng)單元式系統(tǒng) mechanical room 機房機房radiant-heat systems 輻射采暖系統(tǒng)輻射采暖系統(tǒng) blower 送風機送風機face velocity 迎面風速迎面風速 face area 迎風面積迎風面積mixing plenum 混合箱混合箱 damper 閘板閘板direct expansion(DX) 直接膨脹直接膨脹 vibration da

42、mper 減震器減震器acoustic lining 隔音層隔音層 acoustic board 隔音板隔音板grilles 格柵格柵 register 送風口送風口the fan-coil unit system 風機盤管系統(tǒng)風機盤管系統(tǒng) hydraulic system 水力系統(tǒng)水力系統(tǒng)four-pipe type 四管制四管制 two-pipe type 兩管制兩管制diffuser 散流器散流器 terminal device 末端設(shè)備末端設(shè)備all-air system 全空氣系統(tǒng)全空氣系統(tǒng)Unit Thirteen:Measurement Errors and Accuracyun

43、certainty 不確定性不確定性 measurement error 測量誤差測量誤差true value 真值真值 measured value 測量值測量值recording errors 記錄誤差記錄誤差 systematic or fixed errors 系統(tǒng)誤差系統(tǒng)誤差accidental or random errors 隨機誤差隨機誤差 measurement system 測量系統(tǒng)測量系統(tǒng)mean value 平均值平均值 frequency distribution 頻率分布頻率分布probability density function 概率密度函數(shù)概率密度函數(shù)distribution function 分布函數(shù)分布函數(shù)discrete probability distribution 離散型概率分布離散型概率分布continuous probability densities 連續(xù)型概率密度連續(xù)型概率密度conditional probability 條件概率條件概率 Law of Large Numbers 大數(shù)定律大數(shù)定律Central Limit Theorem 中心極限定律中心極限定律Unit Fourteen:Control