英語句子成分及簡單句的五種基本句型

1、Members of the SentencecontentCONTENTS定義定義：句子成分就是一個(gè)句子的各個(gè)組成部分。：句子成分就是一個(gè)句子的各個(gè)組成部分。句子成分有：句子成分有：主語、謂語、賓語、表語主語、謂語、賓語、表語 、定語、狀語、補(bǔ)語、同位語定語、狀語、補(bǔ)語、同位語一、主語（一、主語（subject）：）：句子說明的人或事物。主句子說明的人或事物。主語一般位于語一般位于_ 。主語的主要類型包括：名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞化主語的主要類型包括：名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞化的形容詞或的形容詞或-ed-ed分詞、不定式、分詞、不定式、-ing-ing分詞和分詞和( (主語主語) )從句等。從句

2、等。1名詞充當(dāng)主語。名詞充當(dāng)主語。 Young people love pop music句首句首2代詞充當(dāng)主語。如：代詞充當(dāng)主語。如： It rains quite often in spring 3 數(shù)詞充當(dāng)主語。如：數(shù)詞充當(dāng)主語。如： Two plus two makes four Five will be enough4名詞化的形容詞或名詞化的形容詞或-ed分詞充當(dāng)主語。分詞充當(dāng)主語。 如：如： The disabled are well taken care of5不定式充當(dāng)主語。如：不定式充當(dāng)主語。如： To study hard is your duty Its not easy

3、 to look after a sick old man6-ing分詞充當(dāng)主語。如：分詞充當(dāng)主語。如： Spitting in public is not allowed Its no use crying over the spilt milk (形式形式)主語主語 (真正的真正的)主語主語7從句充當(dāng)主語從句充當(dāng)主語(該從句稱作主語從句該從句稱作主語從句)。 That Miss Gray speaks Chinese surprised us all 關(guān)聯(lián)詞主語關(guān)聯(lián)詞主語(從句從句) How the Cartoon became an instant hit is a long story

4、 關(guān)聯(lián)詞主語關(guān)聯(lián)詞主語(從句從句) 1. We love China. 2. We have finished reading this book. 3. He can speak English.二、謂語二、謂語二、謂語二、謂語:說明主語說明主語做什么做什么或或怎么樣怎么樣。通常。通常由由_ 充當(dāng)充當(dāng).動詞常分為實(shí)義動詞動詞常分為實(shí)義動詞,連系動連系動詞詞,情態(tài)動詞和助動詞情態(tài)動詞和助動詞.動詞動詞情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞和和助動詞助動詞不能單獨(dú)充當(dāng)謂語不能單獨(dú)充當(dāng)謂語,必須和實(shí)義動詞或系動詞一起構(gòu)成謂語必須和實(shí)義動詞或系動詞一起構(gòu)成謂語.They can speak English well.Th

5、ey will go there tomorrow.三、賓語三、賓語 賓語賓語(object)表示動作的承受者，在句中一表示動作的承受者，在句中一般放在及物動詞之后。般放在及物動詞之后。 賓語的主要類型：名詞、代詞、副詞、不賓語的主要類型：名詞、代詞、副詞、不定式、定式、-ing分詞、從句等。分詞、從句等。(能做主語的詞能做主語的詞) 1名詞充當(dāng)賓語。如：名詞充當(dāng)賓語。如： Dry wood catches fire easily 2代詞充當(dāng)賓語。如：代詞充當(dāng)賓語。如： We can invite them to our party 3副詞充當(dāng)賓語。如：副詞充當(dāng)賓語。如： The athlet

6、es left there just now4不定式充當(dāng)賓語。如：不定式充當(dāng)賓語。如： Remember to bring your cell phone5-ing分詞充當(dāng)賓語。如：分詞充當(dāng)賓語。如： You wont forget attending his farewell concert They stopped smoking at last 6從句充當(dāng)賓語。如：從句充當(dāng)賓語。如： Do you know how serious the situation is ? I dont understand what you mean 雙賓語雙賓語有些及物動詞可以有兩個(gè)賓語有些及物動詞可以有

7、兩個(gè)賓語: 直接賓語直接賓語(Direct Object)和和間接賓語間接賓語(Indirect Object), 稱為雙賓語稱為雙賓語.這兩個(gè)賓語往往這兩個(gè)賓語往往一個(gè)指人一個(gè)指人(一般為間接賓語一般為間接賓語), 另另一個(gè)指物一個(gè)指物(一般為直接賓語一般為直接賓語). He gave me a book. 間接賓語間接賓語直接賓語直接賓語 間接賓語間接賓語一般放在一般放在直接賓語直接賓語之前。有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)之前。有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)間接賓語間接賓語，也可以將也可以將直接賓語直接賓語放在放在間接賓語間接賓語之前之前，要借助于要借助于介詞介詞toto或或forfor。He passed me the d

8、ictionary? （ IOIO ）（）（ D D）He passed the dictionary to me.She bought me a beautiful dress. （ IOIO ）（）（ D D）She bought a beautiful dress for me.此類常見動詞：此類常見動詞：pass，show, give, lend, hand, offer, tell, send, bring等等此類常見動詞：此類常見動詞：buy, cook, get, make, sing等等。注意注意: 如果直接賓語是人稱代詞如果直接賓語是人稱代詞, 則間接賓語則間接賓語必須后置必

9、須后置, 并在其前加上介詞并在其前加上介詞to或或for. Heres your report. Dont forget to show it to your parents.系動詞Add your title表示狀態(tài)表示狀態(tài)Add your titleAdd your titleAdd your title感官系動詞感官系動詞變得變得一直保持一直保持看起來，似乎看起來，似乎seem， appeara.名詞名詞 His father is a teacher.b. 代詞代詞 This book is mine.c. 形容詞或分詞短語形容詞或分詞短語 The leaves turn yellow

10、 in autumn. The teacher was satisfied with your work. The story is very interesting.d. 數(shù)詞數(shù)詞 One plus one is two.e. 動詞不定式或動名詞短語動詞不定式或動名詞短語 My job is looking after her. What we want to do now is (to) lie down and rest.f. 副詞或介詞短語副詞或介詞短語 Sorry, my father isnt in. Tom is in Shanghai now.g. 從句從句 The quest

11、ion is why we should put off the meeting.修飾主語、賓語和表語修飾主語、賓語和表語在翻譯時(shí)往往譯為 “的”后置定語后置定語前置定語前置定語a.形容詞形容詞 Newton is a famous scientist.b. 名詞名詞 Lets listen to the weather forecast first.c. 動名詞動名詞 Our school is going to build a swimming pool.d. 分詞短語或動詞不定式短語分詞短語或動詞不定式短語 She is reading an interesting book. I ha

12、ve no pen to write with.e. 介詞短語或副詞介詞短語或副詞 I havent got the solution to the problem. I used to live in the room above.f. 從句從句 The man who is coming toward us is my English teacher.a.副詞副詞 Who can write beautifully?b. 介詞短語介詞短語 Were going to spend the holiday at the seaside.c. 分詞短語分詞短語 Not knowing what

13、to do I decided to give up.d. 動詞不定式短語動詞不定式短語 His mother often comes to see him.e. 名詞名詞 Please come this way.f. 從句從句 As soon as the teacher came in, all the students stood up.復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：賓語賓補(bǔ)復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：賓語賓補(bǔ)nadj adv.介詞短語分詞短語與動詞不定式v常用的帶復(fù)合賓語的動詞常用的帶復(fù)合賓語的動詞 ： think, consider, feel, find, want，have, see, hear, notice,

14、make, get, leave, ask, keep.I consider your brother a clever boy.I found the classroom empty.I saw him enter the room.I believe him to be honest.I heard the boy crying.He left the girl in the room.八、八、 同位語同位語 在一個(gè)句子中在一個(gè)句子中, 一個(gè)名詞或一個(gè)名詞或代詞代詞, 或相當(dāng)于名詞的短語或或相當(dāng)于名詞的短語或從句從句, 放在另一個(gè)名詞或代詞放在另一個(gè)名詞或代詞之后之后, 用以說明它的性質(zhì)或

15、情用以說明它的性質(zhì)或情況況, 被稱為同位語被稱為同位語(Appositive). 可作可作同位語的通常有同位語的通常有:a.名詞名詞 This is my best friend, Tom.b. 代詞代詞 We all got a surprise.c. 數(shù)詞數(shù)詞 This prize is for you two.d. 從句從句 I had no idea that you were here. 就是一個(gè)最簡單的就是一個(gè)最簡單的句子構(gòu)成，被看作是句子的主干。也就相當(dāng)于一個(gè)句子構(gòu)成，被看作是句子的主干。也就相當(dāng)于一個(gè)人的頭部和軀干。并由此構(gòu)成了英語的五種基本結(jié)人的頭部和軀干。并由此構(gòu)成了英語的

16、五種基本結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)1.S+V 主語謂語主語謂語2.S+V+P 主語系動詞表語主語系動詞表語3.S+V+O 主語謂語賓語主語謂語賓語4.S+V+o+O 主語謂語雙賓語主語謂語雙賓語5.S+V+O+C 主語謂語賓語賓補(bǔ)主語謂語賓語賓補(bǔ)content1. S+V+P 主系表英語五種基本句型This is an English dictionary.The dinner smells good.The well has gone dry.He is growing tall and strong.content2. S+V 主謂（不及物動詞）英語五種基本句型英語五種基本句型The sun was shin

17、ning.We all breathe, eat and drink.His parents have worked in the factory for more than 10 years.content3. S+V+O 主謂（及物動詞）賓英語五種基本句型Who knows the answer?He enjoys reading.He has refused to help them.He admits that he was wrong.content4. S+V+ o + O 主謂間賓直賓英語五種基本句型He brought you a dictionary.He showed me

18、 how to run the machine.content5. S+V+O +C 主謂復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)英語五種基本句型They painted the door green.We saw him out.He asked me to get back soon. B 6. He got angry. 7. He got up. 8. You will get a surprise. 9. He got his shoes wet. 10. He got her a present. 小結(jié)：同一動詞在不同的句型里用法也不盡其同小結(jié)：同一動詞在不同的句型里用法也不盡其同。 練習(xí)二:翻譯 1.太陽從東方

19、升起來了。 2.她喜歡看書。 3.他的臉紅了。 4.我給他看我的照片。 5.他們把門漆成綠色。The sun is rising in the east.She likes reading.His face turned red.I showed him my pictures.They painted the door green.溫馨提示： 復(fù)雜的英語句子都是基于五種簡單句，在前面或后面增加一些修飾語加以擴(kuò)大、組合、省略或倒裝。我們只需要理清句子的主干就可以正確把握句子的意思。這些修飾語可以是單詞（主要是形容詞、副詞和數(shù)詞），也可以是各種類型的短語（主要是介詞短語、不定式短語和分詞短語）。

20、 We found the hall full. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)禮堂坐滿了。 We found the great hall full of students and teachers. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)大禮堂坐滿了學(xué)生和教師。 We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)大禮堂坐滿了學(xué)生和教師，在聽一個(gè)重要報(bào)告。We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report made by a comrade from the Peoples Daily on current affairs in East Europe.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)大禮堂坐滿了學(xué)生和教師，在聽人民日報(bào)的一位同志作有關(guān)東歐局勢的重要報(bào)告。簡簡單單句句的的基基本本句句型型1.1.主語主語+ +系動詞系動詞+ +表語表語2.2.主語主語+ +不及物動詞不及物動詞 3.3.主語主語+ +及