新托福TPO真題閱讀難句匯總

1、新托福TPO真題閱讀第一周難句匯總帖TPO1-11. Ordinary meteoric water is water that has soaked into the ground from the surface, from precipitation (rain and snow) and from lakes and streams.短語(yǔ)：soak into：滲入主干：Ordinary meteoric water is water that has soaked into the ground釋義：普通氣象水是那些通過地表，從降水和河流滲入到地下的水分。2. There it rem

2、ains, sometimes for long periods, before emerging at the surface again. At first thought it seems incredible that there can be enough space in the “solid” ground underfoot to hold all this water.短語(yǔ)：at first thought：起初看來分句：there it remains before emerging at the surface again：指在重新涌出地表之前，氣象水會(huì)存留（remain

3、s）在地下It seems incredible that：看上去是不可思議的釋義：在重新涌出地表之前，有時(shí)候有相當(dāng)長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間，地下水都會(huì)存于地下。然而起初看來，堅(jiān)硬的地面下居然能有足夠空間容納這么多水是不可思議的。3. The commonest spaces are those among the particlessand grains and tiny pebblesof loose, unconsolidated sand and gravel.分句：particles of loose, unconsolidated sand and gravel：疏松沙石的顆粒（如沙粒和小鵝卵石

4、：sand grains and tiny pebbles）釋義：最普通的一種空隙存在于疏松而不堅(jiān)實(shí)的沙石中的顆粒-沙粒和小鵝卵石-之間。4. They are found wherever fast rivers carrying loads of coarse sediment once flowed.短語(yǔ)：coarse sediment once flowed：曾經(jīng)漂流的粗糙沉淀物loads of：一載載的，一堆堆的釋義：只要哪里有湍急的河流載著粗糙的曾經(jīng)漂流的沉淀物，哪里就能發(fā)現(xiàn)這種物質(zhì)層。5. the water was always laden with pebbles, grav

5、el, and sand, known as glacial outwash, that was deposited as the flow slowed down.短語(yǔ)：be laden with：負(fù)載著pebbles, gravel, and sand, known as glacial outwash：指冰水沉積物包括鵝卵石、碎石和沙子分句：that was deposited as the flow slowed down：隨著水流漸緩而沉積下來釋義：融化的水總是載著被稱為冰水沉積物的鵝卵石、碎石和沙子，它們隨著水流漸緩而沉積下來。6. The same thing happens t

6、o this day, though on a smaller scale, wherever a sediment-laden river or stream emerges from a mountain valley onto relatively flat land, dropping its load as the current slows: the water usually spreads out fanwise, depositing the sediment in the form of a smooth, fan-shaped slope.短語(yǔ)：a sediment-la

7、den river or stream：載滿沉積物的河流或小溪emerge fromonto：從發(fā)源，流至spreads out：向四周展開in the form of：以的形式a smooth, fan-shaped slope：光滑的扇形斜面釋義：如今也發(fā)生著同樣的事情，雖然規(guī)模較小。有滿載沉淀物的河流或小溪從山谷出發(fā)向下蔓延到相對(duì)平坦的地面，當(dāng)水流漸緩時(shí)便將沉淀物留下：河水通常呈扇形展開，將沉淀物以光滑的扇形斜面形式沉積下來。7. Sediments are also dropped where a river slows on entering a lake or the sea, t

8、he deposited sediments are on a lake floor or the seafloor at first, but will be located inland at some future date, when the sea level falls or the land rises; such beds are sometimes thousands of meters thick.分句：where a river slows on entering a lake or the sea：指河流在入湖或海（on entering a lake or sea）時(shí)

9、流速減緩主干：Sediments are also dropped where, the deposited sediments are on, but will be located, when; such beds are thousands of meters thick釋義：當(dāng)河流接近湖泊或海洋時(shí)沉淀物也會(huì)被沉積下，沉積物起初會(huì)存在于湖床或海床，但隨著未來當(dāng)海平面下降或陸地上升時(shí)，沉積物便會(huì)移動(dòng)到內(nèi)陸去；這些沉積物層（such beds）有時(shí)有數(shù)千米厚。8. In lowland country almost any spot on the ground may overlie wha

10、t was once the bed of a river that has since become buried by soil;分句：any spot on the ground：地面上任何一點(diǎn)what was once the bed of a river：河流曾經(jīng)的河床地帶，作may overlie的賓語(yǔ)a river that has since become buried by soil：已經(jīng)被土壤所掩埋的河流釋義：在低地國(guó)家，幾乎地面上任何一點(diǎn)都有可能疊加在被土壤掩埋的河流的河床上。9. This is because the gaps among the original g

11、rains are often not totally plugged with cementing chemicals; also, parts of the original grains may become dissolved by percolating groundwater, either while consolidation is taking place or at any time afterwards.短語(yǔ)：be plugged with：被塞住cementing chemicals：膠黏性化學(xué)物質(zhì)become dissolved by：被所溶解釋義：這是因?yàn)樵忌呈g

12、的縫隙通常并未被膠黏的化學(xué)物質(zhì)完全填塞；同時(shí)，部分原始沙石有可能被滲透下來的地下水溶解，溶解過程無論是在沙石堅(jiān)化發(fā)生之時(shí)還是以后的某一時(shí)期都會(huì)進(jìn)行。10. Most crystalline rocks are much more solid; a common exception is basalt, a form of solidified volcanic lava, which is sometimes full of tiny bubbles that make it very porous.短語(yǔ)：solidified volcanic lava：硬化后的火山巖漿釋義：大多數(shù)結(jié)晶巖石更

13、加堅(jiān)硬；一個(gè)典型例外是玄武巖，一種硬化了的火山巖漿形式，它有時(shí)充滿了小氣泡，這使它非常多孔。11. But note that porosity is not the same as permeability, which measures the ease with which water can flow through a material; this depends on the sizes of the individual cavities and the crevices linking them.分句：“the ease with which water can flow th

14、rough a material”：指水通過某一物質(zhì)的容易程度cavities and the crevices linking them：連接沙石的空隙和裂縫釋義：但需注意多孔性不同于可滲透性?？蓾B透性丈量的是水流通過某一物質(zhì)的容易程度，它取決于連接沙石的單個(gè)空隙和裂縫的大小。12. The total volume of water in the saturated sample must therefore be thought of as consisting of water that can, and water that cannot, drain away.短語(yǔ)：be thou

15、ght of as：被認(rèn)為是釋義：因此，浸水樣本所含的所有水份必須被分為兩部分：可排除的與不可排除的。13. If the pores are large, the water in them will exist as drops too heavy for surface tension to hold, and it will drain away; but if the pores are small enough, the water in them will exist as thin films, too light to overcome the force of surfac

16、e tension holding them in place; then the water will be firmly held.分句：drops (that are) too heavy for surface tension to hold：由于過重而導(dǎo)致巖石表面張力無法收控住的水滴surface tension holding them in place：將（水滴）收控住的表面張力thin films, too light to overcome the force of surface tension：薄膜過輕，無法掙脫張力的控制主干：If the pores are large

17、, the water will exist as and will drain away; but if the pores are small enough, the water will exist as, and then will be held釋義：如果孔大，其中的水會(huì)變?yōu)樗?，水滴太沉，表面張力握不住，水便?huì)排出；但如果孔足夠小，其中的水會(huì)變成薄膜，薄膜很輕，無法掙脫表面張力的控制，這樣水便會(huì)被緊緊收住。TPO1-21. In many semiarid areas there is also a lower timberline where the forest passes

18、into steppe or desert at its lower edge, usually because of a lack of moisture.短語(yǔ)：semiarid areas：半干旱地區(qū)pass into：傳遞到，延伸到分句：at its lower edge：its指代“a lower timberline”，lower edge即指該樹帶界線的下限釋義：在許多半干旱地區(qū)有一種較低的樹帶界線1，該線以內(nèi)由于缺乏水分森林變?yōu)榛脑蛏衬?. It ranges from sea level in the Polar Regions to 4,500 meters in the

19、 dry subtropics and 3,500-4,500 meters in the moist tropics.短語(yǔ)：Polar Regions：極地地區(qū)釋義：它的高度范圍處于極地地區(qū)的海平面高度至干燥亞熱帶地區(qū)的4500米以及濕潤(rùn)熱帶地區(qū)的3500-4500米之間。3. Timberline trees are normally evergreens, suggesting that these have some advantage over deciduous trees (those that lose their leaves) in the extreme environm

20、ents of the upper timberline.短語(yǔ)：have advantage over：與相比更具優(yōu)勢(shì)釋義：樹帶界線1的樹木通常是常青的，這表明在上樹帶界線1處極其惡劣的環(huán)境下，常青樹比落葉樹更有優(yōu)勢(shì)。4. This is particularly true for trees in the middle and upper latitudes, which tend to attain greater heights on ridges, whereas in the tropics the trees reach their greater heights in the v

21、alleys.短語(yǔ)：middle and upper latitudes：中高緯度地區(qū)reach greater heights：長(zhǎng)得更高釋義：這用來形容中高緯度地區(qū)的樹木最貼切，那里的樹木在山脊上長(zhǎng)得更高；而在熱帶地區(qū)樹木在山谷中長(zhǎng)得更高。5. As the snow is deeper and lasts longer in the valleys, trees tend to attain greater heights on the ridges, even though they are more exposed to high-velocity winds and poor, th

22、in soils there.短語(yǔ)：be exposed to：暴露在之中釋義：（在中高緯地區(qū)）由于雪在山谷中更深并且持續(xù)時(shí)間更長(zhǎng)，樹木傾向于在山脊處長(zhǎng)得更高，即便在那里它們要承受高風(fēng)速和更加貧瘠的土壤。6. In the tropics, the valleys appear to be more favorable because they are less prone to dry out, they have less frost, and they have deeper soils.短語(yǔ)：be prone to：傾向于釋義：在熱帶地區(qū)，山谷則更適合樹木生長(zhǎng)，因?yàn)樗鼈儾蝗菀赘稍?，并?/p>

23、有較少冰霜和較豐厚的土壤。7. Late-lying snow reduces the effective growing season to the point where seedlings cannot establish themselves.短語(yǔ)：Late-lying snow：久積不化的雪分句：where seedlings cannot establish themselves修飾point,establish意為“幼苗扎根生長(zhǎng)”釋義：持續(xù)不化的雪會(huì)減少樹木有效生長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間以至于幼苗無法扎根。8. Wind velocity also increases with altitude

24、 and may cause serious stress for trees, as is made evident by the deformed shapes at high altitudes.短語(yǔ)：is made evident：被證明主干：Wind velocity also increasesand may cause stress,as is made evident by釋義：風(fēng)速隨著海拔升高而提升，并可能給樹造成嚴(yán)重的壓力，高海拔地區(qū)樹木的變形已經(jīng)證明了這一點(diǎn)。9. Some scientists have proposed that the presence of inc

25、reasing levels of ultraviolet light with elevation may play a role, while browsing and grazing animals like the ibex may be another contributing factor.短語(yǔ)：increasing levels of ultraviolet light with elevation：指隨海拔升高而加強(qiáng)的紫外線強(qiáng)度釋義：一些科學(xué)家提出，隨海拔升高而加強(qiáng)的紫外線強(qiáng)度可能是原因之一，而放養(yǎng)動(dòng)物如野山羊等也可能是一個(gè)原因。10. Probably the most im

26、portant environmental factor is temperature, for if the growing season is too short and temperatures are too low, tree shoots and buds cannot mature sufficiently to survive the winter months.分句：for引導(dǎo)原因從句釋義：也許最為重要的環(huán)境因素是氣溫，因?yàn)槿绻L(zhǎng)季節(jié)過短且氣溫過低，樹苗和花蕾便不能足夠成熟，也就不能抵過冬天。11. Immediately adjacent to the timberlin

27、e, the tundra consists of a fairly complete cover of low-lying shrubs, herbs, and grasses, while higher up the number and diversity of species decrease until there is much bare ground with occasional mosses and lichens and some prostrate cushion plants.短語(yǔ)：adjacent to：臨近a fairly complete cover of：完全由

28、組成的覆蓋物prostrate cushion plants：伏地狀墊狀植物主干：the tundra consists of,while the number and diversity of species decrease until釋義：苔原緊靠著樹帶界線1，它完全由低矮灌木，草本植物和草覆蓋，而再往上則生物的數(shù)量和多樣性都會(huì)下降，直到只剩下偶爾會(huì)有苔蘚、地衣和伏地狀墊狀植物的大量禿地。12. This enables them to avoid the worst rigors of high winds and permits them to make use of the hig

29、her temperatures immediately adjacent to the ground surface.短語(yǔ)：the worst rigors of high winds：高處風(fēng)的嚴(yán)酷打擊分句：immediately adjacent to the ground surface修飾higher temperatures，指地表附近的相對(duì)較高的溫度主干：This enables them to avoidand permits them to make use of釋義：這使得它們能夠避免經(jīng)受高處風(fēng)的酷烈打擊并利用地表附近的較高溫度。13. In an area where lo

30、w temperatures are limiting to life, the importance of the additional heat near the surface is crucial.短語(yǔ)：where low temperatures are limiting to life：在那些迫近生命極線1的低溫環(huán)境中，limiting此處可理解為“接近生命極線1的”釋義：在那些迫近生命極限的低溫環(huán)境中，貼近地表的額外熱量是至關(guān)重要的。TPO1-31. In seeking to describe the origins of theater, one must rely prim

31、arily on speculation, since there is little concrete evidence on which to draw.短語(yǔ)：in seeking to：在尋求的過程中draw on：引用，憑借分句：“l(fā)ittle concrete evidence on which to draw”即“l(fā)ittle concrete evidence to draw on”釋義：即試圖描述戲劇的起源，人們必須主要依靠猜測(cè)，因?yàn)椴]有多少確切證據(jù)可以引用。2. The most widely accepted theory, championed by anthropol

32、ogists in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, envisions theater as emerging out of myth and ritual.短語(yǔ)：envisionas：把視為釋義：最為廣泛接受的理論得到了19世紀(jì)末20世紀(jì)初的人類學(xué)家們的擁護(hù)，該理論認(rèn)為戲劇來源于神話和宗教儀式。3. Having little understanding of natural causes, it attributes both desirable and undesirable occurrences to supern

33、atural or magical forces, and it searches for means to win the favor of these forces.短語(yǔ)：attributeto：把歸因于分句：“Having little understanding of natural causes”作原因狀語(yǔ)從句釋義：由于缺少對(duì)自然原因的了解，社會(huì)將好的與不好的現(xiàn)象都?xì)w因于超自然的或者魔法力量，并且它尋求得到這股力量好感的方式。4. Perceiving an apparent connection between certain actions performed by the gr

34、oup and the result it desires, the group repeats, refines and formalizes those actions into fixed ceremonies, or rituals.主干：Perceiving an connection between actions and the result,the group repeats,refines and formalizes actions into ceremonies or rituals釋義：由于認(rèn)為群體所表現(xiàn)的特定行為與其所期待的結(jié)果有明顯聯(lián)系，該群體重復(fù)、修正并將這些行為

35、正式化，使其成為固定的典禮或宗教儀式。5. Frequently the myths include representatives of those supernatural forces that the rites celebrate or hope to influence.分句：that the rites celebrate or hope to influence修飾supernatural forces，指儀式所試圖慶?；蛉ビ绊懙某匀涣α恐鞲桑簍he myths include representatives of supernatural forces釋義：神話中頻繁出現(xiàn)超

36、自然力量的代表，這些力量正是儀式所試圖慶祝或去影響的。6. But the myths that have grown up around the rites may continue as part of the groups oral tradition and may even come to be acted out under conditions divorced from these rites.短語(yǔ)：be divorced from：與遠(yuǎn)離，與相脫節(jié)分句：that have grown up around the rites修飾myths，指圍繞著儀式所產(chǎn)生的神話故事主干：th

37、e myths may continue asand may even come to be acted out釋義：但圍繞著儀式所產(chǎn)生的神話很可能繼續(xù)作為該群體口頭講述傳統(tǒng)的一部分，并甚至可能在與原有儀式相脫節(jié)的情況下依然被表現(xiàn)出來。7. When this occurs, the first step has been taken toward theater as an autonomous activity, and thereafter entertainment and aesthetic values may gradually replace the former mystic

38、al and socially efficacious concerns.短語(yǔ)：be taken toward：向邁進(jìn)autonomous activity：自主活動(dòng)，autonomous原意為“自治的”，此處引申為“自主的”entertainment and aesthetic values：（戲劇的）娛樂和審美價(jià)值mystical and socially efficacious concerns：神話和迷信的觀點(diǎn)釋義：當(dāng)這一情況發(fā)生時(shí)，戲劇作為自主活動(dòng)便邁出了第一步，接著其娛樂和審美價(jià)值會(huì)漸漸取代人們先前對(duì)其神話和迷信作用的關(guān)注。8. Thus, the recalling of an

39、event (a hunt, battle, or other feat) is elaborated through the narrators pantomime and impersonation and eventually through each role being assumed by a different person.短語(yǔ)：be assumed by：由來?yè)?dān)任（角色）主干：the recalling of an event is elaborated and being assumed by person釋義：這樣，對(duì)某一事件（如打獵，戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)等）的回憶被講述者通過啞劇或模仿

40、詳細(xì)化，最終故事的每一角色都被不同的人來?yè)?dān)任。9. A closely related theory sees theater as evolving out of dances that are primarily pantomimic, rhythmical or gymnastic, or from imitations of animal noises and sounds.短語(yǔ)：seeas：把視為evolve out of：從進(jìn)化而來主干：a theory sees theater as evolving out of dances or from imitations釋義：一個(gè)與之

41、緊密相關(guān)的理論認(rèn)為戲劇來源于舞蹈，這些舞蹈最初是啞劇的，有節(jié)奏的或者體操性質(zhì)的，亦或者來源于對(duì)動(dòng)物發(fā)出聲音的模仿。10. Admiration for the performers skill, virtuosity, and grace are seen as motivation for elaborating the activities into fully realized theatrical performances.主干：admiration are seen as motivation for elaborating the activities into performan

42、ces釋義：對(duì)于表演者技巧，精湛技術(shù)和優(yōu)雅的崇拜被認(rèn)為是一種激勵(lì)，它促使將這些活動(dòng)精致化并使其最終成為夸張的表演。11. One, set forth by Aristotle in the fourth century B.C., sees humans as naturally imitativeas taking pleasure in imitating persons, things, and actions and in seeing such imitations.短語(yǔ)：be set forth by：由提出take pleasure in doing：從中獲得樂趣主干：One

43、sees human as imitativeas taking pleasure in imitating and in seeing釋義：一種理論在公元前4世紀(jì)由亞里士多德提出，它認(rèn)為人類天生具有模仿性-通過模仿他人、他物和動(dòng)作以及觀看這種模仿來獲得歡愉。12. Another, advanced in the twentieth century, suggests that humans have a gift for fantasy, through which they seek to reshape reality into more satisfying forms than t

44、hose encountered in daily life.分句：“through which they seek to reshape”作定語(yǔ)從句修飾fantasy主干：Another suggests that human have a gift for fantansy釋義：另一在12世紀(jì)得到發(fā)展的理論認(rèn)為人類具有幻想的天賦，通過幻想人類試圖重塑現(xiàn)實(shí)，使其變得比現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中所遇到的更加令人滿意。13. Thus, fantasy or fiction (of which drama is one form) permits people to objectify their anxiet

45、ies and fears, confront them, and fulfill their hopes in fiction if not fact.主干：fantasy or fiction permits people to objectify,confrontand fulfill釋義：這樣，幻想和虛擬作品允許人們將他們的焦慮、恐懼具現(xiàn)化，并面對(duì)它們，同時(shí)滿足在現(xiàn)實(shí)中不能滿足的愿望。14. The theater, then, is one tool whereby people define and understand their world or escape from unp

46、leasant realities.分句：whereby意為“據(jù)此”，“whereby people define and understand”作定語(yǔ)修飾tool主干：theater is one tool釋義：這樣，戲劇便成為人類定義生活，理解生活或者逃避痛苦現(xiàn)實(shí)的工具。15. For example, one sign of this condition is the appearance of the comic vision, since comedy requires sufficient detachment to view some deviations from social

47、 norms as ridiculous rather than as serious threats to the welfare of the entire group.詞匯：detachment原指“偏離”，此處指一種超脫的觀點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)：deviations from social norms：指與社會(huì)準(zhǔn)則相偏離的表現(xiàn)主干：one sign is the appearance of the comic vision,since comedy requires detachment to view deviation as ridiculous rather than as threats釋義

48、：例如，這種情況的一個(gè)標(biāo)志是喜劇觀點(diǎn)的出現(xiàn)，因?yàn)橄矂∫笕藗兂浞值貜耐纯嘀忻撾x，并將一些與社會(huì)準(zhǔn)則相偏離的表現(xiàn)看做滑稽可笑的而不是視其為對(duì)群體利益的巨大威脅。16. For example, some early societies ceased to consider certain rites essential to their well-being and abandoned them, nevertheless, they retained as parts of their oral tradition the myths that had grown up around the

49、rites and admired them for their artistic qualities rather than for their religious usefulness.短語(yǔ)：cease to：停止（做某事）retain as：將作為保留下來分句：“they retained as parts of their oral tradition the myths that had grown up around the rites”為倒裝，實(shí)際上即“they retained the myths（that had grown up around the rites）as pa

50、rts of their oral tradition”;主干：some societies ceased to consider rites essential and abandoned them, nevertheless, they retained myths as oral tradition and admired them釋義：例如，一些早期社會(huì)不再認(rèn)為特定儀式與他們的安康息息相關(guān)從而拋棄了這些儀式，然而，他們將圍繞儀式產(chǎn)生的神話變?yōu)榭陬^傳授傳統(tǒng)的一部分，并且對(duì)其所具有的藝術(shù)價(jià)值而不是宗教價(jià)值進(jìn)行贊美。新托福TPO真題閱讀第二周難句匯總TPO2-11. Their stream

51、lined bodies, the absence of hind legs, and the presence of a fluke and blowhole cannot disguise their affinities with land dwelling mammals.短語(yǔ)：cannot disguise their affinities with：不能掩蓋它們與的姻親關(guān)系           land dwelling mammals：陸棲哺乳動(dòng)物釋義：鯨類動(dòng)物的流線型身體，后肢的缺少，三角狀尾鰭的存

52、在以及頭頂?shù)某鰵饪祝ㄒ陨隙际堑湫偷暮Ｑ髣?dòng)物特點(diǎn)）并不能掩蓋它們與陸棲哺乳動(dòng)物的姻親關(guān)系。2. However, unlike the cases of sea otters and pinnipeds (seals, sea lions, and walruses, whose limbs are functional both on land and at sea), it is not easy to envisionwhat the first whales looked like.短語(yǔ)：unlike the case of:與的情況不同    

53、      it is not easy to envision:很難想象的樣子釋義：與海獺和其他鰭足動(dòng)物不同，人們很難想象最初鯨類的模樣。邏輯轉(zhuǎn)換：人們很難想象最初鯨類動(dòng)物的模樣，但與之相反，設(shè)想海獺等動(dòng)物的原始樣貌應(yīng)較為容易。3. How was the gap between a walking mammal and a swimming whale bridged?釋義：本段主旨句，提出文章所討論的中心問題：從陸棲哺乳動(dòng)物到水生鯨類之間到底是如何進(jìn)化的？4. Pakicetus was found embedded

54、in rocks formed from river deposits that were 52 million years old. 分句：“formed from river deposits that were 52 million years old”：形成于距今52 million年前的河流沉積物中，修飾rocks釋義：化石P被發(fā)現(xiàn)鑲嵌在巖石中，該巖石從距今52 million年前的河流沉積物中演化而來。 5. The fossil consists of a complete skull of an archaeocyte, an extinct group o

55、f ancestors of modern cetaceans. 短語(yǔ)：a complete skull：完整的頭骨分句：“an extinct group of ancestors of modern cetaceans”修飾archaeocyte,即archaeocyte是鯨類動(dòng)物的一種已滅絕的祖先釋義：此句為事實(shí)1，化石P具有一個(gè)完整的鯨類始祖archaeocyte的頭骨。 6. The skull is cetacean-like but its jawbones lack the enlarged space that is filled with fat or

56、oil and used for receiving underwater sound in modern whales. 分句：“that is filled with fat or oil and used for receiving underwater sound in modern whales”部分修飾enlarged space釋義：化石P的顎骨（jawbones）缺少現(xiàn)代鯨類具有的擴(kuò)大性空間，這部分空間通常由脂肪和油脂填充并用來收聽水下聲音。此句為事實(shí)2。 7. Pakicetus probably detected sound through t

57、he ear opening as in land mammals. 釋義：注意probably,此句為猜測(cè)1，化石P可能和陸棲動(dòng)物一樣通過耳孔來接受聲音。 8. The skull also lacks a blowhole, another cetacean adaptation for diving. 釋義：此句為事實(shí)3，P頭骨缺少氣孔，該氣孔是鯨類適應(yīng)潛水活動(dòng)的結(jié)構(gòu)。 9. Other features, however, show experts that Pakicetus is a transitional form b

58、etween a group of extinct flesh-eating mammals, the mesonychids, and cetaceans. 分句： “a group of extinct flesh-eating mammals”修飾“the mesonychid”，即M動(dòng)物是一類已滅絕的食肉哺乳動(dòng)物主干：Pakicetus is a transitional form between the mesonychids and cetaceans釋義：此句指明化石P正是食肉哺乳動(dòng)物M與鯨類的過渡階段形態(tài)，為本段結(jié)論。 10.It has been suggested that Pakicetus fed on fish in shallow water and was not yet adapted for life in the open ocean. 短語(yǔ)：fed on fish：以魚為食shallow water：淺水區(qū)釋義：注意suggested,此句為猜測(cè)2，即化石P