中考 狀語從句專題講解加配套練習(xí)

1、第四講 狀語從句l 知識要點列舉要點一、狀語從句概述狀語主要是用來修飾動詞和形容詞的，以表明動作發(fā)生或狀態(tài)存在的時間、地點、原因、目的、結(jié)果等。狀語從句即指在主從復(fù)合句中用作狀語的從句。狀語從句主要用來修飾主句或主句的謂語。要點二、狀語從句的分類按照其意義不同一般可分為九大類，分別是： 1、時間狀語從句 2、原因狀語從句 3、目的狀語從句 4、結(jié)果狀語從句 5、條件狀語從句 6、讓步狀語從句 7、地點狀語從句 8、比較狀語從句 9、方式狀語從句 初中階段主要掌握前面1到6種狀語從句。要點三、狀語從句的分類講解1、 時間狀語從句 用表示時間的連詞連接一個句子作狀語，這樣的主從復(fù)合句就是時間狀語從

2、句。常用引導(dǎo)詞：when, as, while, as soon as, before, after, since , till, until 如：I didn't realize how special my mother was until I became an adult. While John was watching TV, his wife was cooking. 知識拓展（一）由when, while, as引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句的區(qū)別用法when引導(dǎo)的從句的謂語動詞可以是延續(xù)性的動詞，又可以是瞬時動詞。并且when有時表示“就在那時”。如：When she came i

3、n, I stopped eating.她進來時，我在吃飯。(瞬時動詞) When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him. 當我的住在農(nóng)村時，我常常為他擔(dān)水。（延續(xù)性的動詞） We were about to leave when he came in. 我們就要離開，就在那時他進來了。（就在那時）While引導(dǎo)的從句的謂語動作必須是延續(xù)性的，并強調(diào)主句和從句的動作同時發(fā)生（或者相對應(yīng)）。并且while有時還可以表示對比。如：While my wife was reading the newspaper,

4、I was watching TV. (was reading是延續(xù)性的動詞，并且was reading和was watching同時發(fā)生) I like playing football while you like playing basketball.我喜歡踢足球，而你喜歡打籃球。（對比） As表示“一邊一邊”，as引導(dǎo)的動作是延續(xù)性的動作，一般用于主句和從句動作同時發(fā)生；as也可以強調(diào)“一先一后。如 ：We always sing as we walk.我們總是邊走邊唱。（as表示“一邊一邊”）As we was going out, it began to snow. 當我們出門時，

5、開始下雪了。（as強調(diào)句中兩個動作緊接著先后發(fā)生，而不強調(diào)開始下雪的特定時間）（二）由before和after引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句的區(qū)別用法 before引導(dǎo)的從句不再用否定式的謂語，并且當before引導(dǎo)的從句位于主句之后，有時譯成“就，才”。還要注意主句和從句之間的時間關(guān)系。當主句用將來時，從句總是用現(xiàn)在時；如果before引導(dǎo)的從句謂語用的是過去時，則主句動詞多用過去完成時，這樣以便體現(xiàn)動作發(fā)生的先后。如：It will be four days before they come back. 他們要過四天才能回來。Einstein almost knocked me down before

6、 he saw me.愛因斯坦幾乎把我撞倒才看到我。My father had left for Canada just before the letter arrived.我父親恰好在信到之前去加拿大了。They had not been married four months before they were divorced. 他們結(jié)婚還不到四個月就離婚了。after表示主句動作發(fā)生在從句動作之后。主句和從句的動作的時間關(guān)系正好與before引導(dǎo)的從句相反。如：After you think it over, please let me know what you decide.你仔細考

7、慮過以后，告訴我你是怎樣決定的。 After we had finished the work, we went home. 完成工作之后，我們回家了。（從句用過去完成時，主句用一般過去時）（三）till或until引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句的區(qū)別till和until一般情況下兩者可以互換，但是在強調(diào)句型中多用until。但要注意的是：如果主句中的謂語動詞是瞬時動詞時，必須用否定形式；如果主句中的謂語動詞是延續(xù)性動詞時，用肯定或否定形式都可以，但表達的意思不同。till不可以用在句首，而until可以放在句首。如：I didn't go to bed until（till） my father

8、 came back.直到我父親回來我才上床睡覺。It was not until the meeting was over that he began to teach me English.直到散會之后他才開始教我英語。I worked until he came back.我工作到他回來為止。 I didn't work until he came back.他回來我這才開始工作。 Please wait until I arrived.在我到達之前請等我。（四）since引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句的用法since引導(dǎo)的從句的謂語動詞可以是延續(xù)性的動詞，又可以是瞬時動詞。一般情況下，從句

9、謂語動詞用一般過去時，而主句的謂語動詞用現(xiàn)在完成時。但在It is 時間since從句的句型中，主句多用一般現(xiàn)在時。如：I have been in Beijing since you left. 自從你離開以來，我一直在北京了。Where have you been since I last saw you? 自上次我和你見面以后，你到哪里去了？It is four years since my sister lived in Beijing. 我妹妹不在北京住有四年了。It is five months since our boss was in Beijing.我們老板離開北京有五個月了

10、。（五）在時間狀語從句中，當主句是一般將來時或祈使句表示將來的意義時，時間狀語從句用一般現(xiàn)在時。如：Ill let him know as soon as she comes. 她一來，我就會讓你知道。 Jane didnt go to work until she finished her homework. 簡直到完成作業(yè)才睡覺。 2、 原因狀語從句用表示原因的連詞連接一個句子作狀語，這樣的主從復(fù)合句就是原因狀語從句。原因狀語從句通常由because, since, as,for引導(dǎo)。如：He didn't come to school because he was ill.As

11、it is raining, we shall not go the zoo.Since you cant answer the question, Ill ask someone else.知識拓展because表示直接原因，語氣最強。Because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句多放在主句之后?；卮鹩蓋hy提出的問題，只能用because。as和since語氣較弱，一般用來表示明顯的原因。由as和since引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句多放在句首。for有時也可引出表示原因的分句，但它只能位于后面，對前一分句加以解釋或推斷。如：-Why aren't you going there?-Because I d

12、ont want to.As he has no car, he cant get there easily.Since we have no money, we cant buy it.3、 目的狀語從句用表示目的的連詞連接一個句子作狀語，這樣的主從復(fù)合句就是目的狀語從句。引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句的從屬連詞主要有in order that, so that, in case, for fear等。如：I hired a boat so that I could go fishing. 我租了一條船去約魚。 Take your raincoat in case it rains (should rai

13、n). 帶上雨衣以防下雨。He studied hard in order that he could pass the exam. 他努力學(xué)習(xí)是為了能通過考試。知識拓展 so that既可引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句，又可引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句。區(qū)別這兩種從句的辦法有兩個：目的狀語從句里往往帶有情態(tài)動詞can, could, may, might等。 從意思上看，目的狀語從句往往表示的目的很明確。如：Speak clearly so that they may understand you. (目的狀語從句) Jack is badly ill so that he has to rest. (結(jié)果狀語從句)

14、4.結(jié)果狀語從句引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句的從屬連詞主要有so that, sothat，suchthat等。如：He was so angry that he couldn't speak. 他氣得話都說不出來。He shut the window with such force that the glass broke. 他關(guān)窗子用力太大，玻璃都震破了。【注】： sothat和such.that可以互換。在由so.that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句中，so是副詞，與形容詞連用。其結(jié)構(gòu)是: “.so + 形容詞（副詞）+ that + 從句”。如：The hall is so big that it

15、can hold 2,000 people.Mother lives so far away that we hardly ever see her.在由suchthat引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句中，such是形容詞，它修飾的可以是單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，也可以是不可數(shù)名詞；名詞前面可以帶形容詞，也可不帶。如果是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，前面需加不定冠詞a或an。如：It was such a hot day that nobody wanted to do anything.He made such rapid progress that he did very well in the mid-term. 有時上述

16、兩種結(jié)構(gòu)是可以互換的。如：It was such a wonderful film that all of us wanted to see it again.=The film was so wonderful that all of us wanted to see it again.如果名詞前由many, much, little, few等詞修飾時，只能用so, 不用such。如：Soon there were so many deer that they ate up all the wild roses.He has so little time that he cant go t

17、o the cinema with you.so.that.句型的否定形式可用簡單句too.to.或not.enough to代替。如：He is so young that he cant go to school. 他太小了，不能上學(xué)。 He is too young to go to school.He is not old enough to go to school.5、條件狀語從句引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的從屬連詞主要有if, unless，as so long as等。如：Don't come unless I telephone. 除非我打電話，否則你別來。If you wat

18、ch carefully you will see how to do it. 如果你仔細看，你會看出該怎樣做。在條件狀語從句里，謂語動詞通常用現(xiàn)在時態(tài)表示將來的動作或狀態(tài)（主將從現(xiàn)）。如：Ill help you with your English if am free tomorrow.He wont be late unless he is ill. “祈使句 + and (or)+ 陳述句（一般將來時）” 在意思上相當于一個帶有條件狀語從句的復(fù)合句。如：Hurry up, or youll be late.=If you dont hurry up, youll be late.Stu

19、dy hard and you will pass the exam.=If you study hard, you will pass the exam.6.讓步狀語從句引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的從屬連詞主要有although, though, even though，even if（即使），如：The speech is good, though it could be better. 這次演講不錯，雖然還可以再好一點。He went out even though it was raining. 盡管下著雨，他還是出去了。連詞while有時也可表示“盡管”、“雖然”，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。如：Whi

20、le we don't agree with each other, we continue to be friends. 盡管我們意見不同，我們還是朋友。whatever, whoever, however, whenever, wherever等引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。如：Don't lose heart whatever you do. 不管你做什么，都不要灰心。Whoever you are, you can't pass this way. 不管你是誰，你都不能從這里通過?！咀⒁狻浚罕硎尽半m然”的though，although不可與but連用，但可與yet，stil

21、l連用。as也可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，但要將名詞、形容詞或副詞等提到as前，若提前的是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，要省略a或an。如：Teacher as he is, he can't know everything. 雖然是老師，他也不可能什么都懂。l 例題精析1.You will stay healthy _ you do more exercise, such as running and walking. A. if B. how C. before D. where答案：A。思路分析：該題考查的是引導(dǎo)狀語從句的從屬連詞的選擇。從意思上看，從句應(yīng)是一個條件狀語從句，在這四個選項中只有if能引導(dǎo)

22、條件狀語從句，所以選A。 2. -Shall we go on working? -Yes, _ I prefer to have a rest. A. when B. if C. because D. though答案：D。思路分析：該題考查的是引導(dǎo)狀語從句的從屬連詞的選擇。從意思上看，只有選though才能說得通。3.None of us knew what had happened _ they told us about it. A. when B. until C. after D. though答案：B。思路分析：該題考查的是引導(dǎo)狀語從句的從屬連詞選擇。本句的意思是“在以前我們沒人

23、知道這件事。”要表達著一意思應(yīng)用“notuntil” 這一句型。 4.-I hope youll enjoy your trip, dear! -Thank you, mum. Ill give you a call _ I get there. A. until B. as soon as C. since D. till答案：B。思路分析：該題考查的是引導(dǎo)狀語從句的從屬連詞的選擇。本題的意思是“一到那里，我就給你打電話?！币磉_這個意思應(yīng)選用as soon as。5. Scientists say it may be a few years _it is possible to test

24、the new medicine on patients. (2010，無錫) A.because B.after C.before D.since答案：C。思路分析：該題考查的是引導(dǎo)狀語從句的從屬連詞選擇。根據(jù)題意可知從句的事情發(fā)生在主句之前。故選before。 6. We will have no water to drink _we don't protect the earth. (2010，上海) A.until B.before C.though D.if答案：D。思路分析：從意思上看，從句應(yīng)是一個條件狀語從句，在這四個選項中只有if能引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，所以選D。 7. -

25、Could we play football in your playground,Sir? （2010，揚州）-No,_you have the principal's note. A.if B.unless C.because D.since答案：B。思路分析：從意思上看，從句應(yīng)是一個條件狀語從句，句子意思是“除非你有校長的指示”。8. You bought the car about ten years ago? (2011，黃崗) Yes. _ its old, it still runs well. A. Because B. Since C. Although D. But

26、答案：C思路分析：本題考查讓步狀語從句。根據(jù)句意“盡管舊了，但它運轉(zhuǎn)很好?！?because因為，since既然，although盡管，but但是。故選C。9. Will you please give the dictionary to Jane? Sure, Ill give it to her _ she arrives here. (2011，天津) A. before B. until C. because D. as soon as答案：D思路分析：本題考查時間狀語從句。句意“她一到這兒，我就會給她”。before 在之前，不符合邏輯；until直到，不能與短暫性動詞(give)連

27、用；because因為，不符合邏輯；as soon as 一就，符合句意。故選D。 10. What was your brother doing at this time yesterday? (2011，濱州) He was reading a magazine _ I was writing an email at home.A. as soon as B. after C. until D. while答案：D思路分析：本題考查時間狀語從句。表示“當時”，連接兩個同時進行的動作，用while。故選D。11. The book was written in _ easy English

28、_ even primary school students could understand it . (2011，鎮(zhèn)江) A. so; that B. such; that C. too; to D. very; that答案：B思路分析：本題考查結(jié)果狀語從句。D本身為錯誤項，故排除；C項中to后接動詞原形，排除；A項中so后接形容詞，排除； such名詞短語that從句表“如此以至于”。故選B。 l 課堂鞏固練習(xí)A組根據(jù)中文意思完成下列英語句子1. 不管他跟我開什麼玩笑，我都不生氣。 I am not angry with him, _ _ _ jokes he _ on me.2. 布

29、魯斯太太對學(xué)生非常親切，以至于學(xué)生把她當做母親。 Mrs Bruce was _ kind to her students _ they _ her _ their mother.3. 只要我們竭盡全力，父母就會滿意我們的表現(xiàn)。 Our parents will be pleased with our performance _ _ _ we try our best.4. 你一到上海就給我打個電話好嗎？ Will you please call me _ _ _ you get to Shanghai.5. 這個七歲的女孩酷愛鋼琴，以至于他已經(jīng)堅持練習(xí)兩年了。 The seven-year-

30、old girl likes playing the piano _ _ _ she has keptpracticing for two years.6. 雖然她很忙，他還堅持自學(xué)英語。 _ _ _ _, she kept on learning English by herself.7. 他長大后相當一名記者。 He wants to be a journalist _ _ _ _.8. 無論刮風(fēng)下雨，我們的老師總是第一個到校。_ _ windy or rainy, our teacher is always the first to get to school.9. 如果人人為保護環(huán)境做

31、出貢獻，世界將會變得更美好。 _ _ _ _ _ to protecting the environment, the world will become much more beautiful.10. 李明昨天沒來上學(xué)，因為他病了。 Li Ming didn't come to school _ _ _ _.Key： 1. no matter what; plays 2.so; that; regarded; as 3. as long as 4. as long as 5. so much that 6. Though she was busy 7. when he grows u

32、p 8.Whether its 9. If everyone makes a contribution 10. because he was illB組單項選擇：( )1. _ we gave him something to eat, he would save it up for his little sister.A. Whatever B. However C. Whenever D. Whichever( )2. Hard-working though he was, _ there was never enough money to pay the bills. A. / B. A

33、nd C. but D. therefore( )3. Much hard _ he tried，he flailed to catch up with the first runner. A. although B. As C. while D. when ( )4. I got in touch with Charles _ I received his letter. A. when immediately B. Soon C. immediately D. suddenly( ) 5. We were just _ calling you up _ you came in. A. ab

34、out; when B. on the point of; while C. on the point of; when D. on the point of; as ( )6. Most of his great novels and plays were not published or known to the public _ his tragic (悲劇) death in 1786. A. even before B. ever since C. until after D. until before ( )7. Mr. Saddam Hussein had to go with

35、the American soldiers, _ . A. no matter he likes or not B. no matter he should like it or not C. no matter whether he likes or not D. no matter he may like it or not( ) 8. _ , I have to put it away and focus (集中)my attention on study this week. A. However the story is amusing B. No matter amusing th

36、e story is C. However amusing the story is D. No matter how the story is amusing( ) 9. Most animals have little connection with animals of a different kind, _ they hunt them for food.A. if B. While C. unless D. as ( )10. _ he thought he was helping us with the work, he was actually in the way. A. Al

37、though B. Unless C. Because D. When ( )11. Babies sleep l6 to l8 hours in every 24 hours, and they sleep less _ they grow older. A. while B. as C. when D. after ( )12. I have been keeping the portrait _ I can see it every day, as it always reminds me of my childhood in Paris. A. since B. Where C. as

38、 D. if ( )13. _ your composition carefully, some spelling mistakes can be avoided. A. Having checked B. Check C. If you check D. To check ( )14. I would never speak to someone like that _ they said something unpleasant to me. A. even if B. so that C. as if D. ever since ( )15. Did you remember to re

39、turn the book to our English teacher?Yes. I gave it to him _ I saw him. A. once B. while C. if D. the moment ( )16. A warning news report from Qatar announces that a group of Islam will continue to kill Americans wherever they are _ they leave the Arab world forever. A. even though B. in case C. whe

40、never D. until( ) 17. May I go now? _ you've finished your work, you may go. A. After B. Although C. Now that D. As soon as ( )18. " _ I live there are plenty of sheep." said the boy _ pride. A. Where; with B. When; in C. That; in D. Why; with ( )19. He seemed to have been asleep, so I

41、 said nothing, but sat _ he would see me _ waking. A. whether; when B. that；when C. which；where D. where；when ( )20. It will be five years _ we meet again. A. since B. Until C. before D. when ( )21. Never lose heart _ difficulty you may meet with. A. what B. whatever C. how D. however( ) 22. _ we ar

42、e allowed _ , we cant drink any beer. A. As long as; to do B. If; to C. Unless; to D. On condition that; doing so( )23. You can still find bones of the birds _ they used to live. A. in which B. in the place C. where D. that( )24. How can they learn anything _ they spend all their spare time watching

43、 TV? A. where B. when C. while D. but( )25. _ I admit that there are problems, I dont agree that they cannot be solved. A. While B. If C. As D. Unless答案與思路分析： 1. A. 因為gave后面已經(jīng)有表示物的直接賓語了，排除代詞A、C、和D。however意為“無論如何”；whenever意為“每當”，根據(jù)句意，只有選C，意義才通。 2. A. 因為前面已經(jīng)連詞though了，所以不再需要連詞了。Hard-working though he w

44、as=Although he was hard-working。 3. B. 因為as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，要求將從句的表語或狀語等放到句首。而although, while表示讓步時，都用正常語序；另外，though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句，其表語或狀語等可提前也可不提前。 4. C. 因為immediately, instantly, directly和the moment, the instant, the minute等都可以用作連詞，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，相當于as soon as。 5. C. 因為表示“正要做某事時，突然又發(fā)生另一件事”的句型是：was /were just about to

45、do sth. whendid或was /were just on the point of doing sth. whendid 6. C. 因為notuntil“直到才”，再接before語意上不通，要用after。 7. C. 因為no matter后一定要接疑問詞或whether。 8. C. 引導(dǎo)狀語從句時no matter how=however，其后接形容詞或副詞，只有C正確。 9. C. unless“除非、如果不”。句意是：大多數(shù)動物與其它不同種類的動物都沒有什么聯(lián)系，除非是把它們獵為食物。 10. A. 句意是：雖然他認為他在幫我們做工，但事實上他是在擋事。 11. B.

46、表示主、從句的謂語動詞同時變化的“隨著”只能用as。 12. B. 因為keep the portrait (把照片放在)后面一定是指所放的“地方”了，所以用where (在的地方) 引導(dǎo)一個地點狀語從句。 13. C. 因為非謂語動詞的邏輯主語就是句子的主語，mistakes不能check，排除A和D；若用B，則前后是兩個句子，又無連詞，排除B。 14. A. 只有先A，前后意義才通：even if即使、縱然；so that為了、以便；as if. 好象；ever since從(那時)到現(xiàn)在。 15. D. 因為the moment可作連詞，與as soon as相當。 16. D. unt

47、il (直到)與肯定句連用，引出的時間是主句謂語動詞結(jié)束的時間。even though即使；in case以防萬一；whenever每當、無論何時。 17. C. 因為now that =since“既然”。 18. A. 因為with pride (驕傲地) 是固定短語；where (在的地方) 引導(dǎo)一個地點狀語從句， 19. D. 由where引導(dǎo)一個地點狀語從句，表示坐 (sat) 的地方；后面是帶有連詞的現(xiàn)在分詞作時間狀語，when waking=when he woke。 20. C. 因為It will be +時間段+ before是固定句式，意為“過之后才”。句意是：要過五年之

48、后，我們才會再次見面。 21. B. 因為whatever = no matter what引導(dǎo)一個讓步狀語從句，并作difficulty的定語。句意是：你無論遇到什么困難，也決不要灰心喪氣。 22. C. 句意是：如果不允許我們喝啤酒，我們就不能喝。 23. C. 因為無先行詞，不是定語從句，而是由where引導(dǎo)的一個地點狀語從句。句意是：在它們過去居住的地方，你仍然可以找到鳥的骨頭。 24. B. 題中when=since既然。句意是：既然他們把所有的空閑時間都用來看電視了，他們還能學(xué)到什么呢？ 25. A. 因為while可以表示讓步，與although相當，意為“雖然”。l 能力提升A

49、組閱讀下面短文，掌握大意，然后從A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。My son Joey was born with club feet. The doctors said that with treatment he would be able to walk, but would never run very well. The first three years of his life was 1 in hospital. By the time he was eight, you wouldn't know he has a problem when you saw him

50、 2 .Children in our neighborhood always ran around 3 their play, and Joey would jump and ran and play, 4 . We never told him that he probably wouldn't be 5 to run like the other children. So he didn't know.In 6 grade he decided to join the school running team. Every day he trained. He ran mo

51、re than any of the others, 7 only the top seven runners would be chosen to run for the 8 . We didn't tell him he probably would never make the team, so he didn't know.He ran four to five mile every day - even when he had a fever. I was 9 , so I went to 10 him after school. I found him running 11 . I asked him how he felt. “Okay,” he said. He has two more miles to go. Yet he looked straight ahead and kept 12 . Two weeks later, the names of the team 13 were caked. Joey was number six on the list. Joey had 14 the team. He was in seventh gra