中考閱讀題型突破-第四講-推理判斷題

1、推理判斷題推理判斷題：.A 考查依據(jù)短文內(nèi)容和考生應(yīng)有的常識(shí)進(jìn)行推理和判斷的能力。此類(lèi)題目文章中沒(méi)有明確的答案，需要考生再理解全文的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行推理和判斷。其主要提問(wèn)方式是：(1) We can guess the writer of the letter may be a _.(2) We can infer from the text that _.(3) From the letters weve learned that its very _ to know something about American social customs.(4) From the story we can

2、 guess _.(5) What would be happy if ?B. 考查推斷作者意圖和態(tài)度的能力。(1) How did the writer feel at Vienna station?(2) The writer writes this text to _.(3) The writer believes that _.(4) The writer suggests that _. 所謂推斷，就是根據(jù)閱讀材料中所提供的信息，推斷出未知的信息。即從已知推未知。據(jù)以推斷的有關(guān)文字可能是詞或句子，也可能是若干句子，甚至是全文。 中考英語(yǔ)試題中的推斷題很多，包括的面也很大。其類(lèi)型主要有

3、以下幾種：（1）事實(shí)推斷事實(shí)推斷：這種推斷常常針對(duì)某一個(gè)或幾個(gè)具體細(xì)節(jié)，是比較簡(jiǎn)單的推斷。進(jìn)行這種推斷，要首先在文章中找出據(jù)以推斷的有關(guān)文字，然后加以分析，尤其要悟出字里行間的意思。2014 年廈門(mén)中考英語(yǔ)閱讀理 A 篇 “ I dont know “ Ben replies. “ Everything was going fine, but as I got higher, I was starting to get cold, so I turned off the big fan thing and then. “41.The possible reason for the crash

4、is that Ben _.A. shut off the big fan thing on the helicopterB. refused to talk with the instructorC. kept radioing in on the helicopter2010 年廈門(mén)中考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解 A 篇A young man was walking through a supermarket to pick up a few things when he noticed an old lady following him round. Thinking nothing of it, h

5、e continued.Finally, he went to the check-out line, but the old lady got in front of him. “Excuse me,” she said, “Im sorry if my staring at(盯著看) you has made you feel uncomfortable, its just because you look like my son, whom I havent seen for a long time.”“What a pity,” replied the young man, “is t

6、here anything I can do for you?”“Yes,” she said, “as Im leaving, can you say Good bye, mother!? It would make me feel so much better.”“Sure,” answered the young man. So, when the old woman was leaving, he called out, “Good bye, mother!”As she stepped up to the check-out counter(收銀臺(tái)), he saw that his

7、 total was $127.50. “How can that be?” he asked, “I only buy a few things!”The clerk replied, “Your mother said that you would pay for her.”53. _ wasnt an honest person in this story.A. The clerkB. The old ladyC. The young man54. At last, what the young man had to pay was _ what he expected.A. more

8、thanB. less thanC. as much as55. We know from the story that the old lady _.A. liked shoppingB. had a sonC. paid nothing數(shù)字類(lèi)題目數(shù)字類(lèi)題目：2014 年廈門(mén)中考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解 E 篇Later on , man used tally marks to count. People would just scratch（劃下）a line or tally mark for each object they wanted to count, but they had no wor

9、d to tell the number.58. If A and B each scratched three lines for their own objects to be counted, they would probably have objects in all. A. three B. six C. nine2013 年廈門(mén)中考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解 E 篇Scientists have a way they use when they are trying to learn something new. It is called the scientific method of in

10、quiry（科學(xué)探究方法）.The first step is to ask a question. It could be “Why do birds fly south for the winter?” Or it could be “How does water turn into ice?” It could be about anything.Then the scientist must do research. He or she could learn as much about the topic as possible. Next, the scientist makes

11、a hypothesis. It could be “Bird fly south for the winter because they are cold.” Or it could be “Water will turn into ice when the temperature gets low enough” Its a so called educated（有根據(jù)的）guess. Now, the scientist has a hypothesis, so it must be tested. Scientists do this by conducting experiments

12、 in labs, and others do them outdoors.After the experiments are complete, the scientist must analyze the data（分析數(shù)據(jù)）. And he should compare it with the hypothesis. Was the hypothesis right or wrong? Even with a wrong hypothesis, scientists can still learn a lot. Finally, they should write about their

13、 results. That way, other people can learn, too.We need _ steps in all when we use the scientific method of inquiry.A. twoB. fourC.six（2）指代推斷指代推斷：確定指代詞的含義和指代對(duì)象是閱讀理解題常見(jiàn)的題目。要確定指代詞所指代的對(duì)象，關(guān)鍵在于對(duì)所在上下文的正確理解。指代名詞的指代詞，其單復(fù)數(shù)形式英語(yǔ)被指代的詞一致，因此數(shù)的形式可作為識(shí)別指代對(duì)象第一個(gè)輔助標(biāo)志。2014 年漳州市初中畢業(yè)升學(xué)考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解 C 篇Some butterflies have brig

14、ht pattern colors on the upper surface of their wings that show when flying, but when they rest on a tree or leaves, they close their wings.68.The underlined word “that” in Paragraph 3 refers to _A their wings B pattern colors C green leaves D some butterflies（3）邏輯推斷邏輯推斷。這類(lèi)題目往往是要求根據(jù)文章所提供的背景，人物的表情，動(dòng)作

15、和語(yǔ)言來(lái)推斷出人物的態(tài)度或感覺(jué)。2010 年廈門(mén)中考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解 A 篇Kaixin: We have to know how to control ourselves. We should keep our minds on study. Games are just games. I prefer to play sports with my classmates when I am free.64. From Kaixins words, we can guess that he is most probably a _.A. farmerB. workerC. student2011

16、年廈門(mén)中考英語(yǔ)閱讀理 D 篇He Dongping, a professor from Wuhan Polytechnic University(WHPU)said:To stop the use of dirty oil should start at its source,kitchen waste.And the first step is to find a good way of collecting kitchen waste. However,it might take about 10 years before China could solve the problem com

17、pletely.he added.69.We can infer(推斷）from this passage that_.A. the biggest problem is that restaurants produces too much kitchen wasteB. the way of dealing with kitchen waste isnt good enough nowC.we can stop the use of swill-oil in a short time if we take it serious（4）對(duì)作者的意圖和態(tài)度的推斷對(duì)作者的意圖和態(tài)度的推斷 這一類(lèi)考題

18、大都要求考生就作者對(duì)論述對(duì)象持什么樣的態(tài)度做出推斷，如作者對(duì)所陳述的觀(guān)點(diǎn)是贊同、反對(duì)，還是猶豫不定，對(duì)記述或描寫(xiě)的人、物或事件是贊頌、同情、冷漠，還是厭惡。作者的這種思想傾向和感情色彩不一定直接表述出來(lái)，而往往隱含在字里行間。因此，進(jìn)行這種推斷時(shí)，我們既要依靠短文的主題思想作為推力的前提，又要注意作者的措辭，尤其是形容詞一類(lèi)的修飾語(yǔ)。2014 年南平市初中畢業(yè)升學(xué)考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解 B 篇Teenagers are very attracted by fashions，such as computers, television, iPad and cell phones.These can lea

19、d them into a field of real-world dangersAlthough there are some dangerous effects, we should understand and enjoy the advantages that the new technology offers to teenagers.55. The writers attitude(態(tài)度) of having the latest cell phones is_A agreement B surprise C disagreement 2014 年三明市初中畢業(yè)升學(xué)考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解

20、C 篇However, in the new digitalage, we need to be careful when using smartphones. If you use them too much, you may turn into a dangerous addiction(上癮).So its always best to use your smartphones properly.55.In the last paragraph, the writer wants to tell us_A smartphones must be used properlyB smartp

21、hones play an important part in our livesC smartphones are turing students into a dangerous addictionA A young man was walking through a supermarket to pick up a few things when he noticed an old lady following him round. Thinking nothing of it, he continued.Finally, he went to the check-out line, b

22、ut the old lady got in front of him. “Excuse me,” she said, “Im sorry if my staring at(盯著看) you has made you feel uncomfortable, its just because you look like my son, whom I havent seen for a long time.”“What a pity,” replied the young man, “is there anything I can do for you?”“Yes,” she said, “as

23、Im leaving, can you say Good bye, mother!? It would make me feel so much better.”“Sure,” answered the young man. So, when the old woman was leaving, he called out, “Good bye, mother!”As she stepped up to the check-out counter(收銀臺(tái)), he saw that his total was $127.50. “How can that be?” he asked, “I o

24、nly buy a few things!”The clerk replied, “Your mother said that you would pay for her.”51. The young man was _ that day.A. doing some shoppingB. having a walkC. visiting his mother52. The old lady stood _ the young man on the check-out line.A. besideB. behindC. before53. _ wasnt an honest person in

25、this story.A. The clerkB. The old ladyC. The young man54. At last, what the young man had to pay was _ what he expected.A. more thanB. less thanC. as much as55. We know from the story that the old lady _.A. liked shoppingB. had a sonC. paid nothingB Recently, Chinese netizens(網(wǎng)民) enjoy themselves on

26、 “growing and stealing crops” on the Internet. This is a game called “Happy Farms”. Now more and more people are joining in the game and getting addicted. Because of this game, some players have been fired(解雇), lovers have broken up, but none of them can stop Happy Farms from becoming more popular.H

27、ere we interviewed some young netizens and lets see what their opinions were.Nongmin: Playing Happy Farms at work, thats terrible! A clerk was fired because she was online playing it at work.King: I find that all the dreams of having houses and fields, which are very hard to get in real life, are ve

28、ry easy to be realized in the game. I think I know the reason why the game is so popular.Kaixin: We have to know how to control ourselves. We should keep our minds on study. Games are just games. I prefer to play sports with my classmates when I am free.Kitty: I like Happy Farms. My high-pressure wo

29、rk makes me feel like I cant breathe(呼吸). I wish I could have a real house and farm, but it seems so far away. I have to turn to virtual(虛擬) nature for my own house and farm.61. From this passage, we know that “Happy Farms” is a _ game.A. boringB. popularC. dull62. In the first paragraph, the underl

30、ined phrase “get addicted” means “_”.A. be sorry toB. be afraid ofC. be crazy about63. Nongmin told us a/an _ story about playing the game at work.A. shocking B. excitingC. relaxing64. From Kaixins words, we can guess that he is most probably a _.A. farmerB. workerC. student65. _ have the similar id

31、ea about the game.A. Nongmin and KingB. King and KittyC. Kaixin and KittyC More have heard of the American Prom.This is the senior students school leaving party.The British name for the event is a Leavers Ball or Leavers Dinner,although some UK schools call them Proms,too.In Canada, Ireland and Aust

32、ralia the terms Grad or Formal are most common and in South Africa it is called a Matric Dance. Some Matric Dances in South Africa still follows the old British traditions. Before the dance,pupils are given lessons in dancing.School leavers invite a partner to the dance.The girls have dresses especi

33、ally made for the event. To save costs the dance is often held din the school hall. American Proms have become elaborate(精心的）and expensive, complete with luxury hotel ballrooms(豪華的酒店舞廳） ，live bands and expensive prom dressed. They now include after-Prom activities that often extend into the early mo

34、rning of the next day.The Leavers Ball in the UK is not so formal(正式）.The girls also wear ball gowns and the boys suits. A dinner and disco will be held at a a local hotel. Each pupil buys a ticket and can go with a partner or just arrive with friends. 61.We learn from this passage that the Prom is

35、a _.A. test B.game C.party62. In Australia,people call Prom_.A. Leavers Ball B.Grad or Formal C. Matric Dance63. The most important activity in the Prom is_.A. dancing B.eating C.meeting64.The Matric Dance is often held in the_.A. school hall B.hotel ballroom C.local restaurant65. According to this

36、passage,the event in _costs the most.A. the United States B.the UK C.South Africa DAfter a study showed that one in every ten meals in the country may be cooked with dirty oil, the State Fool and Drug Administrations(SFDA)on Thursday issues an emergency notice(發(fā)布緊急通知）to restaurant nationwide,warning

37、 them against recycling oil.The swill-oil is cooking oil refined from kitchen waste that has been recycled.Although it looks clean and clear, its actually so dangerous to peoples health that it may cause cancer. According to a reporter, the swill-oil business is extremely profitable.Recycling one to

38、n of kitchen waste will produce130 kg of swill oil. With its price being half that of normal cooking oil, a profit(利潤(rùn)）of 1.5 to 2 billion yuan is produced in the whole swill-oil business in the country every year.The profit is almost 200%,so its easy to understand why the business is so hot.s He Don

39、gping, a professor from Wuhan Polytechnic University(WHPU)said:To stop the use of dirty oil should start at its source,kitchen waste.And the first step is to find a good way of collecting kitchen waste. However,it might take about 10 years before China could solve the problem completely.he added.66.

40、 According to the study,_of us may have eaten the food cooked by dirty oil.A. few B.nobody C.many67. Its _to tell the difference between swill-oil and normal cooking oil just by looking.A. fast B.easy C.hard68. The underlined sentenceThe swill-oil business is extremely profitable means that the swil

41、l-oil business is really a _.A.big money-maker B.common situation C.terrible thing69.We can infer(推斷）from this passage that_.A. the biggest problem is that restaurants produces too much kitchen wasteB. the way of dealing with kitchen waste isnt good enough nowC.we can stop the use of swill-oil in a

42、short time if we take it serious70. The main topic of this passage is about_.A.restaurant service B.food safety C.eating habitsIt was Sunday. The train was crowded. A gentleman was trying to look for a place. In one of the cars he saw a vacant seat. But a small suitcase was lying on it and a young m

43、an was sitting next to it.Is this seat taken? asked the gentleman.Yes, its my friends. answered the young man. Hes just coming-this is his suitcase. Well, said the gentleman, Ill sit here till he comes. Five minutes later the train started, but nobody came.Your friend is late, said the gentleman. He

44、 has missed his train, but he need not lose his suitcase. And with these words he took the suitcase and threw it out of the window.The young man got up and tried to catch the suitcase, but it was too late. It was a good lesson* to him.-Its impolite to take a second seat just for being more comfortab

45、le for oneself. 51. The gentleman was looking for a_.A. seat B. suitcase C. friend52. A vacant seat is a seat that_.A. somebody sits on B. theres something on C. nobody sits on53. In fact, the*suitcase belonged to theA. young man B. gentleman C. young mans friend54. We know from the story that the y

46、oung man_.A. was friendly and helpful B. was not honest C. told the truth55. We can guess that the young man must feel very_ in the end.A. happy B. excited C. upsetBOne day, a teacher was giving a speech to his students. He held up (舉起) a glass of water and asked the class, How heavy do you think th

47、is glass of water is?The students answers ranged from 20 g to 500 g. It does not matter on the weight itself. It depends on how long you hold it. If I hold it for a minute, it is OK. If I hold it for an hour, I will have an ache in my right arm. If I hold it for a day, you will have to call an ambul

48、ance (救護(hù)車(chē)). It is exactly the same weight, but the longer I hold it, the heavier it becomes. If we carry our burdens (負(fù)擔(dān)) all the time, sooner or later, we will not be able to carry on, the burden becoming increasingly heavier. What you have to do is to put the glass down, rest for a while before ho

49、lding it up again. We have to put down the burden sometimes, so that we can be refreshed and are able to carry on.So before you return home from work tonight, put the burden of work down. Dont carry it back home. You can pick it up tomorrow.Whatever burdens you are having now on your shoulders, let

50、it down for a moment if you can.56. The teacher brought a glass of water to the class because_.A. he was very thirsty B. his arms were strong C. it was a good example57. A glass of water in this passage referred to (指)_.A. knowledge B. the burden C. the time 58. According to the teacher, you may fee

51、l_ if you put down the burden sometimes.A. more energetic B. much heavier C. more stressed out59. This was a lesson about_A. how to relax oneself in lifeB. how to solve a physics problemC. how to keep fit by drinking water60. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A. You

52、could become heavier and heavier if you held a glass of water in your hand.B. All the students in the class knew what the weight of the glass of water exactly was.C. The teacher had a good way of making his lesson clear and easy to be understood*CTo help you decide what might make a good pet, weve p

53、ut together a pet checklist. Weve named some of the animals that are often kept as pets. Weve shown some good points and bad points about each. And we hope it may help you make the best choice (選擇). Pick-a-Pet ChecklistPetsGood PointsBad PointsEasy to keep Enjoy being petted Good to holdHard to hous

54、e trainDrop lots of hairEasily upset by high temperatureCan be very interesting Can be friendly when youngAgainst the law (法律) to keep in many states in the U. S. Can get unkind when olderEasy to feed &. care for Can live indoors or out Fun to hold Very friendlyMay scratch furniture Little pans

55、can be messy May kill birds May make you sneezeCome in many sizes Can live indoors or out Fun to love &- play with Very friendly Can give safetyCan be smelly, messy, noisy Need to be licensed & trained May make you sneeze May bite (咬) if angry Need lots of attention61. You are _ to keep a ra

56、ccoon as a pet in many places of America. A. suggested B. encouraged C. not allowed62. It would be easier for you to keep a _as a pet if youre often too busy to take care of it.A. rabbit or raccoon B. rabbit or cat C. raccoon or dog63. If you feed birds at home, you should be very careful to choose

57、a_as your another pet.A. rabbit B. raccoon C. cat64. The dog may_you if you make it angry.A. hurt B. fix C. train65. The writer tries to help us_with the checklist.A. learn how to look after our petsB. find which animal is our best choice as a petC. know what kind of animals can be kept as a petDEve

58、ry 30 seconds there is an earthquake. But dont worry because most are so weak that they cannot be. felt. Only a few big ones hurt people.Many earthquakes happened in China, such as the big one in Sichuan last month. Thousands of people died in it. So its important to know what to do when one hits. H

59、ere are some tips on how to stay safe in an earthquake.1. If you are indoors during an earthquake, hide (躲藏) under a desk. Stay away from windows and anything that could fall on you.2. If you are outdoors, move to a clear place. Try to be away from trees, signs, buildings and streetlights. These cou

60、ld fall on you.3. If you are in a shop and far from the door, dont try to run outside and rush for exits (出口). Everyone will be doing that and you11 find it hard getting out. Dont get into a lift during an earthquake. Just hide under some strong cover near you.4. When an earthquake has ended, be careful becaus