化學(xué)師范專業(yè)英語-chp

1、被動語態(tài)在科技英語中約占1/3 遠(yuǎn)高于普通英語中被動句的使用頻率。 因為科技論文關(guān)心的是行為、活動、作用、事實。 被動句用行為、活動、作用、事實等作主語，在句中是第一個出 現(xiàn)的詞，因此能立即引起讀者的注意。 通常被動句比主動句更簡潔明了。被動語態(tài)主要有兩種譯法: 仍譯成被動句； 譯成主動句。7.1 仍譯成被動句 The atomic theory was not accepted until the last century.原子學(xué)說直到上個世紀(jì)才為人們所接受。 Other evaporation materials and processes will be discussed briefl

2、y. 其它一些蒸發(fā)材料和蒸發(fā)過程將簡單地加以討論。7.1 仍譯成被動句 The laws of thermodynamics will be discussed in the next articles.熱力學(xué)定律將在下文予以討論。7.1 仍譯成被動句 Purified hydrogen is passed over a liquid metal halide.讓純化氫氣通過液態(tài)金屬鹵化物。7.1 仍譯成被動句 Since methane is its first member, it is also known as the methane series. 因為甲烷是該系列的第一個成員，因此

3、該系列也被稱為甲烷系。7.1 仍譯成被動句7.2 譯成漢語主動句A：譯成漢語的無主語句 Measures have been taken to diminish friction.已經(jīng)采取了 一些措施來減少摩擦。 When the solution in the tank has reached the desired temperature, it is discharged. 當(dāng)罐內(nèi)溶液達(dá)到所要求的溫度時， 當(dāng)罐內(nèi)溶液達(dá)到所要求的溫度時，就卸料。7.2 譯成漢語主動句A：譯成漢語的無主語句 If the product is a new compound, the structure mu

4、st be proved independently.如果產(chǎn)物是一個新的化合物，則必須單獨證明其結(jié)構(gòu)。 7.2 譯成漢語主動句A：譯成漢語的無主語句 Now headings, sub-headings and tables of contents in English are provided. 現(xiàn)在提供 英文的（主）標(biāo)題、副標(biāo)題和目錄表。7.2 譯成漢語主動句A：譯成漢語的無主語句B：加譯“人們，我們，大家，有人”等主語 The workers were seen repairing the generator. 有人看見過這些工人在修理發(fā)電機。 The metal, iron in pa

5、rticular, is known to be an important material in engineering. 大家知道，金屬，特別是鐵，是工程方面的重要材料。B：加譯“人們，我們，大家，有人”等主語 If one or more electrons are removed, the atom is said to be positively charged. 如果原子失去了一個或多個電子，我們就說這個原子帶正電荷。B：加譯“人們，我們，大家，有人”等主語C： 用英語句中的動作者作漢語中的主語 The complicated problem will be solved by t

6、hem. 他們會解決這個復(fù)雜的問題 The molecules are held together by attractive forces. 引力把分子聚積在一起。C： 用英語句中的動作者作漢語中的主語D: 將英語中的一個適當(dāng)成分譯作主語 The students have been answered all the questions. 學(xué)生們的問題已全部得到回答。 The oxides of nitrogen are absorbed in water to give nitric acid.水吸收氮氧化物形成硝酸。 D: 將英語中的一個適當(dāng)成分譯作主語E: 在原主語前加譯“把，將，使，

7、給” Borax was added to beeswax to enhance its emulsifying power. 將硼砂加到蜂蠟中以增加蜂蠟的乳化力。 Absorption process is therefore conveniently divided into two groups: physical process and chemical process. 因此，可以將吸收過程簡單地分為兩類：物理過程和化學(xué)過程。E: 在原主語前加譯“把，將，使，給”F: 將被動語態(tài)譯成 “是的”“對進(jìn)行”等 The slurry is filtered to recover the e

8、lectrolyte solution. 對泥漿進(jìn)行過濾可回收電解液。 An aldehyde is prepared from the dehydrogenation of an alcohol and hence the name. 醛是從醇脫氫而制備的，并因此而得名。F: 將被動語態(tài)譯成 “是的”“對進(jìn)行”等 The higher degree of unsaturation is associated with somewhat greater chemical reactivity. 較高程度的不飽和性是多少同較大程度的化學(xué)反應(yīng)性相聯(lián)系的。 F: 將被動語態(tài)譯成 “是的”“對進(jìn)行”等

9、 Batch operations are frequently found in experimental and pilot-plant operations. 間歇操作常見于實驗室操作及中試操作。G: 被動意義譯成主動意思 In the reaction both the acid and the base are neutralized forming water and salt.反應(yīng)中，酸與堿彼此中和而形成鹽和水。 G: 被動意義譯成主動意思 The kinds of activities which engage the organic chemist may be groupe

10、d in the following way. 有機化學(xué)工作者所從事的活動可以按照下列方法歸類。G: 被動意義譯成主動意思7.3 科技英語中常用的被動句型It is considered that 人們認(rèn)為It is understood that 大家都明白 It is supposed that 據(jù)推測It is suggested that 有人建議It is noticed that 有人注意到It is preferred that 最好It is generally recognized that 通常認(rèn)為 It can be foreseen that 可以預(yù)料It is stressed that 有人強調(diào)說 It must be stressed that 必須強調(diào) It has been shown that 已經(jīng)證明It can not be denied that 無可否認(rèn)It has been proved that已經(jīng)證實 It is said that有人說 It i