采購與供應(yīng)鏈管理01概論ppt課件

1、 航油價(jià)格2007年7月時(shí)曾飆升至歷史性高位147$/桶公司07年簽署2021年至2021年的燃油對衝合約 在2021年底大幅回落45.6$/桶 2021年全年帶來港幣76億元的虧損引導(dǎo)案例1國泰航空(Cathay Pacific)巨額虧損.期貨的概念: 期貨Futures是如今進(jìn)展買賣，但是在未來進(jìn)展交收或交割的標(biāo)的物，這個(gè)標(biāo)的物可以是某種商品例如黃金、原油、農(nóng)產(chǎn)品，也可以是金融工具，還可以是金融目的。交收期貨的日子可以是一星期之后，一個(gè)月之后，三個(gè)月之后，甚至一年之后。買賣期貨的合同或者協(xié)議叫做期貨合約。.引導(dǎo)案例1國泰航空(Cathay Pacific)巨額虧損BUYING AT THE

2、 RIGHT PRICE? TIME?QUANTITY？.案例2：動(dòng)車事故重創(chuàng)高鐵概念股.Case 2：動(dòng)車事故重創(chuàng)高鐵概念股 2021-7-25 Wind資訊高鐵概念板塊整體重挫6.98%，墮入深度調(diào)整泥淖之中。其中，“高鐵雙璧中國南車和中國北車分別重挫8.90%和9.69%，天馬股份和晉億實(shí)業(yè)等6只高鐵概念股更是放量跌停.多家高鐵設(shè)備商自稱質(zhì)量無問題，急撇清事故干系.北京全路通訊信號(hào)研討設(shè)計(jì)院28日在其公司網(wǎng)站上發(fā)布。.The question is:WHO SHOULD BE THE ONEAPOLOGIZE FIRST ?The supplier or the China Railwa

3、y High-speed?.第一部分：概況采購是什么戰(zhàn)略性采購供應(yīng)的組織和結(jié)構(gòu)采購的步驟第二部分戰(zhàn)略、戰(zhàn)術(shù)和運(yùn)作（1）：采購的諸因素質(zhì)量的規(guī)范與管理協(xié)調(diào)供求關(guān)系以合適的價(jià)格采購組織貨源和供應(yīng)商管理,與供應(yīng)商的關(guān)系(2)第三部分戰(zhàn)略、戰(zhàn)術(shù)和運(yùn)作（2）：采購的各種渠道供應(yīng)的不同途徑 （2） 國際化采購第四部分戰(zhàn)略、戰(zhàn)術(shù)和運(yùn)作（3）：物流供應(yīng)物資的存儲(chǔ),物資運(yùn)輸?shù)谖宀糠謶?zhàn)略、戰(zhàn)術(shù)和運(yùn)作（4）：支持工具、供應(yīng)商關(guān)系和采購績效談判支持工具采購工作的研究、采購績效和職業(yè)道德.ISM Institute for Supply Management , ISM 是全球最大、最權(quán)威的采購與供應(yīng)管理等領(lǐng)域的專業(yè)組

4、織。 ISM成立于1915年，其前身是美國采購管理協(xié)會(huì).它的目的是經(jīng)過其資源，研討，推行活動(dòng)和教育來引領(lǐng)供應(yīng)管理職業(yè)。 目前擁有遍及世界75個(gè)國家的會(huì)員4w多名、179個(gè)分會(huì)，是全球最受尊崇的專業(yè)團(tuán)體之一。 .ISM認(rèn)證工程ISM認(rèn)證工程C.P.M.注冊采購經(jīng)理C.P.M.(Certified Purchasing Manager)ISM認(rèn)證工程CPSM注冊供應(yīng)管理專業(yè)人士 CPSM(Certified Professional in Supply Management)ISM認(rèn)證工程A.P.P.合格采購員A.P.P. (Accredited Purchasing Practitioner).

5、ISM certification programsISM certification programsC.P.M.C.P.M.(Certified Purchasing Manager)ISM certification programsCPSMCPSM(Certified Professional in Supply Management)ISM certification programsA.P.P.A.P.P. (Accredited Purchasing Practitioner).1.2.6 綜合定義綜合定義采購是一個(gè)由組織機(jī)構(gòu)的單位實(shí)施的過程，不論是作為一種功能還是作為集成供應(yīng)鏈

6、的一部分，它既擔(dān)任采辦適宜的質(zhì)量、數(shù)量、時(shí)間、價(jià)錢的貨物，又擔(dān)任管理供應(yīng)商并對企業(yè)的競爭優(yōu)勢和企業(yè)的共同戰(zhàn)略目的作出奉獻(xiàn)。.1.3 采購的演化Reck和Long的演化方式被動(dòng)階段獨(dú)立階段支撐階段綜合階段采購績效是以對企業(yè)勝利的奉獻(xiàn)來衡量的.The evolution modes of Reck and LongPassive phaseIndependent phaseSupporting phaseIntegrated phase(purchasing performance is measured by the contribution to companys success)1.3 th

7、e evolution of purchasing.1.3 采購的演化采購開展階段和任務(wù)才干 表1.5 page 9新生階段醒悟階段開展階段 成熟階段 高級(jí)階段察看總結(jié)與舉例，行業(yè)的采購開展階段，任務(wù)才干？如7-11零售，電子行業(yè)，超市采購等.Purchasing development phase and working capacity table 1.5 page 9infantawakeningdevelopingmatureadvancedObserve, summarize and illustrate: what is the relationship between worki

8、ng capacity and purchasing phase of an industry(eg.7-11,electron industry, market purchasing etc.)1.3 the evolution of purchasing.1.4 采購與變化驅(qū)動(dòng)要素全球化人員，貿(mào)易，商務(wù)的跨國性信息技術(shù)采購過程和步驟的變化消費(fèi)和管理理念 戰(zhàn)略性從被動(dòng)采購自動(dòng)采購從戰(zhàn)術(shù)性戰(zhàn)略性.1.4 purchasing and changesDriven factorsGlobalization(people, trade, business)IT(the change of purch

9、asing process)Production and management philosophies (strategic)passiveactivetacticalstrategic.1.4 采購與變化管理理念隨時(shí)間的進(jìn)展EOQMRPMRPJITTQMTOCTBCSCM.1.4 purchasing and changesThe development of management ideasEOQMRPMRPJITTQMTOCTBCSCM.2022/7/111.4 采購與變化80年代90年代2000年+制造資源方案(MRPII)推進(jìn)式系統(tǒng)物料訂貨以可分配需求為根底消除平安庫存和周轉(zhuǎn)庫存依

10、賴于相關(guān)訂貨方案和可靠的預(yù)測經(jīng)過變動(dòng)對供應(yīng)商需務(wù)虛現(xiàn)柔性準(zhǔn)時(shí)消費(fèi)制(JIT)拉動(dòng)式系統(tǒng)來自最終用戶的固定需求量消費(fèi)才干與需求匹配固定的消費(fèi)協(xié)作單位柔性的制造系統(tǒng)類似產(chǎn)品范圍很小經(jīng)濟(jì)消費(fèi)批量很小供應(yīng)商提早期很短精細(xì)消費(fèi)和精細(xì)供應(yīng)消除浪費(fèi)庫存和在制品占用最小本錢在供應(yīng)鏈上透明多技藝員工減少工件排隊(duì)調(diào)整轉(zhuǎn)換時(shí)間很短多種類小批量消費(fèi)每一個(gè)階段延續(xù)改良供應(yīng)鏈快速反響供應(yīng)具有柔性顧客化定制消費(fèi)與最終需求同步消費(fèi)受控的供應(yīng)鏈過程協(xié)作同伴間的才干是集成的全面運(yùn)用電子商務(wù)并行的產(chǎn)品開發(fā).2022/7/1180s90s2000+MRPIIpush-systemmaterials orders based on t

11、he needeliminate safety and cycle inventorydepend on corresponding order plans and reliable forecastmeet the flexible need of supplier by changeJITpull-systema fixed demand from the final userproduction capacity fix the needa fixed production assistant unitflexible production systemsmall range of si

12、milar productsEconomic production quantity is very smalla short advanced time of suppliersFine production and supplyeliminate wastethe least inventory occupationcost is apparent in the supply chainmore technological staffreduce the line of partsa short change timemulti-kind and small-quantity produc

13、tionevolution in every stepSupply chainquick responseflexible supplycustomization of productionKeep pace of final needprocess of supply chain is under controlCompetence is integrated between partnersComprehensive application of e-commerce iterative concurrent developing1.4 purchasing and changes.1.5

14、 采購未來開展趨勢戰(zhàn)略意義大大加強(qiáng)戰(zhàn)術(shù)上的采購活動(dòng)自動(dòng)化、低價(jià)化、外包化非戰(zhàn)術(shù)貨項(xiàng)在主合同下進(jìn)展采購因特網(wǎng)和萬維網(wǎng)將是電子采購的主要載體先導(dǎo)的組織機(jī)構(gòu)建立戰(zhàn)略采購中心與供應(yīng)商的聯(lián)盟大大加強(qiáng)供應(yīng)鏈中更大程度共享資源經(jīng)過供應(yīng)商協(xié)會(huì)加強(qiáng)供應(yīng)商協(xié)調(diào).1.5 purchasing in the futureAn increase in the strategic importance of PSMTactical purchasing activitiesMost non-tactical items will be bought under master contracts enabling tran

15、sactionThe internet/WWW will be the main vehicle for electronic purchasingLeading organization will establish strategic purchasing competency centersAlliance with supplier will increaseIncreasingly share resource in the supply chainIncrease coordination of suppliers via supplier associations.1.5 采購未

16、來開展趨勢全球供應(yīng)商重要雙贏戰(zhàn)略談判供應(yīng)鏈中支配位置的公司影響力大價(jià)錢是衡量采購任務(wù)的重要目的環(huán)境維護(hù)的思索采購任務(wù)職位絕對數(shù)目減少采購員工程度要求較高.1.5 purchasing in the futureGlobal supplier development will be crucialIncreasing emphasis on win-win negotiationDominant companies in the supply chain will influence the sourcePrice will be an important measureEnvironmenta

17、l factors will be more importantThe absolute number of purchasing jobs will decrease Personnel employed in PSM will require a higher level of training.1.6 世界級(jí)采購的特征得名于一書，采用了類似奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)的格言“更快，更高，更強(qiáng)來定義世界級(jí)制造。與世界級(jí)制造相當(dāng)?shù)氖抢^續(xù)且快速的改良。.1.6 world class purchasingThe term was popularized by the book world class manu

18、facturing. The book defined it as a logous to the Olympic motto faster, higher, stronger.The world class manufacturing equivalent is continual and rapid improvement.1.6 世界級(jí)采購的特征美國高級(jí)采購研討中心確定了世界級(jí)采購供應(yīng)商管理的12個(gè)特征全面質(zhì)量管理及時(shí)系統(tǒng)全程時(shí)間的減少多維遠(yuǎn)程戰(zhàn)略方案新供應(yīng)商關(guān)系全程戰(zhàn)略本錢管理.1.6 characteristics of world class purchasingTwelve ch

19、aracteristics of world class supplier management were identified by the USA Center for advanced Purchasing Studies. TQMJITTotal cycle time reductionLong-range strategic plansSupplier relationshipStrategic cost management.1.6 world class purchasingPerformance measurementTraining and professional deve

20、lopmentService excellenceCorporate social responsibilitylearningManagement and leadership.1.6 世界級(jí)采購世界級(jí)供應(yīng)商的特征：繼續(xù)改良和開展技術(shù)和革新順應(yīng)性.1.6 world class purchasingCharacteristics of world class suppliersContinuous improvementTechnology and innovationadaptability.1.7 采購和供應(yīng)管理(PSM)的位置杠桿作用：采購任務(wù)對添加利潤所起的作用。采購成為贏利的關(guān)鍵要素內(nèi)外部環(huán)境1.外購占總開銷的比例大醫(yī)藥行業(yè)VS汽車制造業(yè)2.采購業(yè)務(wù)與多變的市場環(huán)境頻繁接觸時(shí)。(價(jià)錢，需求浮動(dòng)，猛烈競爭) 3. 產(chǎn)品創(chuàng)新性和時(shí)髦性的判別。更新?lián)Q代快，短生命周期察看這樣的行業(yè)？.1.7 the status of purc