英語語音語調(diào)知識(shí)ppt課件(PPT 43頁)

1、語音語調(diào)知識(shí).第1頁，共43頁。語音語調(diào)知識(shí)發(fā)音器官音標(biāo)音節(jié)單詞重音規(guī)則句子重音6.音變6.1 元音的清晰度6.2 音長6.3 失去爆破/ 不完全爆破6.4 連讀6.5 同化6.6 元音省略和弱化7.詞尾讀音8.連讀9.意群和停頓10.語調(diào).第2頁，共43頁。影響英語發(fā)的主要器官：唇、齒、舌、腭、鼻腔、聲帶1. 發(fā)音器官 .第3頁，共43頁。2. 音標(biāo)-元音單元音舌位前/i:/ /i/ /e/ /后/:/ / /中/:/ /:/ / /u:/ /u/雙元音合口/ai/ /ei/ /i/ /au/ /u/集中/i/ / /u/Kingsoft 體Jones體/i:/ / /e/ /:/ / /:

2、/ /:/ / /u:/ /a/ /e/ / /a/ / /e/ /.第4頁，共43頁。輔音發(fā)音方式輔音音標(biāo)數(shù)量舌邊音l1半元音w j 2鼻輔音m n 3爆破音p b t d k 6摩擦音s z f v r h10破擦音 tr dr6.第5頁，共43頁。輔音清ptkfstr濁bdgvzdr清濁成對(duì)有10雙清輔音： h濁輔音 : r l w j m n 聲帶振動(dòng).第6頁，共43頁。Listening Exercise Sounds for information1. The speaker wants to have a look at the _. A. cartB. card2. What

3、was the girl doing?A. Sopping.B. Sobbing.3. The man must be fond of _.A. writingB. riding4. What did the man do?A. He hit the dog.B. He hid the dog.5. The boys were _.A. prayingB. playing6. What are they going to do?A. Try it.B. Dry it.第7頁，共43頁。Sounds in perception and production1.a. What does faith

4、 mean?Belief.b. What does face mean?Surface.2.a. How do you spell math?MATH.b. How do you spell mass?MASS.3.a. How do you like Rods place?Ive never been to his place.b. How do you like Rods plays?Most of them are very good.4.a. Did anyone explain the loss?Yes. It was a terrible loss.b. Did anyone ex

5、plain the laws?Yes. It was quite complicated.5.a. Wheres the other half?Its in the desk.b. Wheres the other hearth?Look for the fireplace.第8頁，共43頁。Listening Exercise Sound discrimination1.thinthing2.winwing3.ton tongue4.sanesame5.shesee6.yokejoke7.fin thin8.yetjet9.westvest10.worseverse11.truechew12

6、.twicetrice13. leafreef14.blightbright15.fleshfresh.第9頁，共43頁。3. 音節(jié)1、音節(jié)一般是以元音來劃分的，一個(gè)元音就是 一個(gè)音節(jié) 一個(gè)音節(jié)：eye, friend 二個(gè)音節(jié)：our, blackboard2、一些輔音因發(fā)音響亮（成音節(jié)輔音），也可自成音節(jié)成音節(jié)輔音：/l, m, n/bottle, people, cotton, bottom .第10頁，共43頁。3.1 音節(jié)的類型 -11、開音節(jié)：以元音字母結(jié)尾的音節(jié)hi, he relation, secret，notion2、相對(duì)開音節(jié):以輔音字母和一個(gè)不發(fā)音的 -e 結(jié)尾的音節(jié)

7、name, scene, amusement 3、閉音節(jié):以輔音字母結(jié)尾的音節(jié)map, bag, dullvictory, umbrella, instruction .第11頁，共43頁。音節(jié)的類型-24、元音字母組合音節(jié) wait , play, beneath, believe, snowy, surround, certainly 5、-r(-re)音節(jié) various, serious, fire, our during /vris/ /siris/ /fai/ /au/ /dju:ri/6、成音節(jié)輔音音節(jié):bottle, bottom, button.第12頁，共43頁。3.2 音

8、節(jié)的劃分-1在兩個(gè)音節(jié)的相鄰處有兩個(gè)輔音字母（輔音字母組合和r除外），一般一個(gè)屬于前一音節(jié)，一個(gè)屬后面音節(jié)。例：let-ter, Eng-lish, ap-ple。2.在兩個(gè)音節(jié)的相鄰處只有一個(gè)輔音字母時(shí)，一般這個(gè)輔音字母屬后一音節(jié)，例：stu-dent, lo-tus。3. 在兩個(gè)音節(jié)相鄰處有兩個(gè)r時(shí)，一個(gè)屬前一音節(jié)，一個(gè)屬后一音節(jié)，前面的元音節(jié)按閉音節(jié)讀音，例：sor-ry, mar-ry, mir-ror,bor-row.第13頁，共43頁。音節(jié)的劃分-24. 相鄰音節(jié)是元音字母+r+其它輔音字母時(shí)，元音字母+r屬于前面的重讀音節(jié)，例：fur-ther,cir-cle5. 相鄰的音節(jié)是元

9、音字母+r+其它元音字母時(shí)，r屬于前面的重讀音節(jié)，按re音節(jié)的規(guī)則讀音，例：dur-ing,ser-ious。6. 有字母組合的單詞劃分音節(jié)時(shí)，一定要將字母組合劃在一個(gè)音節(jié)內(nèi)，例：neigh-bour, plea-sure.第14頁，共43頁。給下列雙音節(jié)詞劃分音節(jié)，并標(biāo)出重讀音節(jié)local freedommusicfinishcultureablehonournationdiscussbirthdayblackboardarrivebesidecompareconnectenlargeemployexpenseinformmistakepreparerepeatdependperfect(v

10、.)import(v.)present(v.)object(v.)protest(n.)herselfmachine單詞的重讀規(guī)則.第15頁，共43頁。4. 音節(jié)的重讀規(guī)則-1一、單音節(jié)：重讀二、雙音節(jié)詞1、大多數(shù)詞的重音在第一音節(jié)上；2、重音在第二個(gè)音節(jié)上的規(guī)律： 1）單詞有前綴:alike, mistake 2) 與名詞或形容詞同形的動(dòng)詞 increase, perfect, object, record 3) 反身代詞 4）少數(shù)來自法語的詞匯：machine, police, hotel.第16頁，共43頁。音節(jié)的重讀規(guī)則-2三、多音節(jié)詞1、重音一般在倒數(shù)第二個(gè)音節(jié)remember, e

11、stablish, important2、有前綴的，重音在詞根上，即在前綴后的音節(jié)determine, encourage, invisible, inadequate, 3、帶有后綴的多音節(jié)詞的重音在后綴前一個(gè)音節(jié)上musician, politician, energetic, electricity4、下列后綴重讀 -ee employee, interviewee, trainee -eer engineer, volunteer5、下列后綴前兩個(gè)音節(jié)重讀 -tive negative, relative.第17頁，共43頁。Read aloud 重讀音節(jié)reality conflic

12、t affect reframe technique negativedefeatgrateful cherish performancedepressioncommercialspokesmanviewpointaudiencepracticalproductivecommitmentessentialdistributor.第18頁，共43頁。5. 句子重音1、實(shí)義詞重讀 名詞、實(shí)義動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞、感嘆詞和某些代詞（指示代詞、反身代詞、不定代詞和疑問代詞） 2、功能詞不重讀 冠詞、助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、人稱代詞、物主代詞、關(guān)系代詞、聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞、連詞和介詞（單音節(jié)介詞） .第19頁，共43頁。

13、 There are certain “safe” topics that people usually make small talks about. The weather is probably the number one thing that people who do not know each other will discuss. Another topic that is generally safe is current events. As long as you are not discussing a controversial issue, such as a re

14、cent law concerning equal rights, it is usually safe to discuss the news.第20頁，共43頁。6. 音的變化元音：清晰度 音長變化 省略、弱化 輔音：濁化 同化 失去爆破在朗讀中，英語的元音和輔音音素會(huì)發(fā)生變化。.第21頁，共43頁。6.1 元音的清晰度1、 amount, delay, export, authentic【元音在重讀音節(jié)前,發(fā)音模糊 】2、corporate, popular, family, favorite, dictionary【連續(xù)兩個(gè)或幾個(gè)輕讀音節(jié)結(jié)尾，前面的輕讀音節(jié)模糊】.第22頁，共43頁。

15、6.2 音長音長：重讀音節(jié)中元音的長短音節(jié)內(nèi)后面沒有輔音 后面有濁輔音 后面有清輔音 stay stayed state tea team teach music amuse cute.第23頁，共43頁。6.3 省略與弱化省略:在多音節(jié)的詞中，非重讀音節(jié)的元音/ 或 /i/會(huì)被省略factory, history, university, seldom, practical縮略與弱化：youre , Id like to, Ill， Theyve.第24頁，共43頁。1.a/eI/ Weve got a dog.2.an/n/n/ Take an apple.3.her/h:/ /h/, /

16、:/, / Whats her name?4.his/hIz/Iz/ John had his haircut.5.our/a/:/ We can do it on our own.6.some /sm/ /sm/, /sm/ Get me some water.7.the/i:/I/, / They saw the young and the old.8.your/j:/j/ Take your time.9.he/hi:/hI/, /I/ What did he do?10.me/mi:/mI/ Let me have a look.11.she/i:/ /I/ Did she come?

17、12.them/em/ /m/, /m/ Let them go.13.us/s/ /s/ He told us a story.14.we/wi:/ /wI/ Here we are. Words SF WF Sample sentence .第25頁，共43頁。15.you/ju:/ /j/ Did you see my pen?16.him/hIm/ /Im/ Give him a pen.17.am/m/m/, /m/ Im proud of it.18.are/:/ What are you doing?19.be/bi:/bI/ Dont be late.20.can/kn/ /k

18、n/, /kn/What can I do?21.do/du:/d/, /d/ What do you do on Sundays?22.does/dz/dz/ When does the train leave?23.had/hd/hd/, /d/, /d/ How many had he had?24.has/hz/hz/, /z/, /z/, /s/ What has happened?25.have/hv/hv/, /v/, /v/ The kids have gone.26.is/Iz/z/, /s/ He is coming.27.must/mst/mst/,/ms/ We mus

19、t go now.28.shall/l/l/, /l/ What shall we do?Words SF WF Sample sentence.第26頁，共43頁。 Words SF Weak form Sample sentence29.was/wz/wz/, /wz/He was out.30.were/w:/w/We were all late.31.will/wIl/wl/, /l/That will do.32 At /t/ /t/ Look at him.33.for/f:/f/Is it for me?34.from/frm/frm/, /frm/They come from

20、the states.35.of /v/v/, /v/, /f/Its very kind of you.36.to/tu:/t/You dont have to worry.37.and/nd/nd/, /n/, /nd/, /n/ We had fish and chips.38.as/z/z/Just as you like.39.but/bt/bt/Its good but expensive.40.so/s/s/Its not so cold here.41.than/n/n/Its bigger than this.42.that/t/t/He said that he was c

21、oming. .第27頁，共43頁。6.4 失去爆破/ 不完全爆破在單詞、短語或句子中，爆破音在下列輔音前失去爆破或不完全爆破1、爆破音 active, advise, a good girl2、摩擦音 friendship, old friends3、破擦音 great changes, picture4、鼻音 good morning, important notice5、舌邊音 at least, hardly, the second longest.第28頁，共43頁。6.5 濁化一般在重讀音節(jié)，清輔音/p/, /t/, /k/在/s/音后讀其對(duì)應(yīng)的濁輔音/b/, /d/, /g/st

22、udent/stju:dnt/, distinguishexcuse, discussspeak, expand.第29頁，共43頁。6. 6 同化同化：一個(gè)音因?yàn)槭芰肆硗庖粋€(gè)鄰音的影響而發(fā)成了這兩個(gè)音之外的第三個(gè)音。 education /edjukei n/ /eukei n/ issue /isju:/ /iu:/ length /le/ /len/Did you see him? /did ju si: (h)im/ /did u si: (h)im/.第30頁，共43頁。7. 詞尾讀音asksstopsmonthsthanksstaysdogsclothessavesrisesvoi

23、ceshazeshousescatsrightscorrectswritescrowdsaddsguardsbeds/s/z/iz/.第31頁，共43頁。/d/t/id/closedfilledarrangedstayedcleanedfixedwatchedpassedblushedaskedaddedplantedhatedpattedwanted-d, -ed 的讀音.第32頁，共43頁。-r, -er 的讀音/r/sharpenersuppliersellerheavierthinnerrarerpoorerclevererclearersinger/si/longer/l/.第33頁

24、，共43頁。8. 連讀1、輔音+元音come in take it away, in an hour2、r+元音after all remember it for example a pair of shoes3、元音+元音當(dāng)前面的單詞以/i:/ /i/ /ai/ /ei/ /i/ 結(jié)尾，與后面的元音連讀 the other my uncle million see off2)當(dāng)前面的單詞以/u:/ /u/ /au/ /u/ 結(jié)尾，與后面的元音連讀 two others, do it , you are, too often, go on.第34頁，共43頁。Mark the linkinga

25、 lot of workas soon as possibleI have quite enough.Both of us went out.The fish is excellent.Come along home if you like.John won an award.He fetched it for me.Tell us all about it.Is he ill again?.第35頁，共43頁。9. 意群和停頓意群是句子中密切相關(guān)的短語，在句子中應(yīng)該被讀在一起,意群之間應(yīng)通過語調(diào)或短暫的停頓來區(qū)分。 a. Bill said, Our boss is lost. b. Bil

26、l, said our boss, is lost.a. He sold his house boat and trailer. b. He sold his house, boat and trailer. 2. a. She likes pineapples. b. She likes pie and apples. 3. a. Would you like Super Salad? b. Would you like soup or salad?4. a. (A+B) C=X. b. A+(B C)=X. .第36頁，共43頁。10. 語調(diào)一、種類：降調(diào)、升調(diào)、降升調(diào)二、應(yīng)用：（一）降調(diào)

27、的應(yīng)用1、陳述句2、特殊疑問句3、祈使句4、反問句 Nancy is very intelligent. Intelligent? Is she really? I think shes dumb.第37頁，共43頁。（二）升調(diào)的應(yīng)用1、一般疑問句2、陳述疑問句3、選擇疑問句的前面選擇部分4、請(qǐng)對(duì)方重復(fù)的疑問句5、反義疑問句的后半部分6、命令句的附加問句7、語句未完的停頓8、逗號(hào)前語調(diào).第38頁，共43頁。（三）降升調(diào)1、表對(duì)比In my class there are 35 students. And there are 37 in your class.2、表含蓄3、表不同意4、表反駁5、表警告.第39頁，共43頁。Intonation Marking: Falling toneI was in LONDON on SUNDAY.Hes STUDYING FRENCH.She was GOING AWAY.He WANTS some BEEF.Im afraid I CANT.START doing it NOW.COME to the BLACKBOARD.WRITE it TO MORROW.WHO is COMING to DINNER?WHEN