3意群、句子重音和語調(diào)

1、Sense-group, Sentence-stress, and Intonation意群（sense-group）意群就是指句子中按意思和語法結(jié)構劃分出的各個成分，每一個成分即稱為一個意群。同一意群中的詞與詞的關系緊密相關，密不可分，否則就會引起誤解。 意群和意群之間可以有一定的停頓，這種停頓和人們的思維活動是一致的，但一個意群中的各個單詞之間則不可停頓，整個意群讀下來就像一個長單詞一樣。注意：意群之間的停頓是根據(jù)說話人情況而定，并非一定要停頓不可。但如有停頓，則必在意群之間，隨意亂停就破壞了語言的節(jié)奏。Reading aloud /is very important / for begi

2、nners.Early to bed / and early to rise / makes a man / healthy, happy, and wise.Jane, / whos a brilliant swimmer, / represented Britain / at the Olympic Games.After he took his bath, / he dressed in a hurry, / ran to catch the bus, / and got to his appointment / before it was too late.句子重音（sentence-

3、stress）The streets are wide and clean.The streets are wide and clean.The streets are wide and clean.在連貫的話語中，不可能所有的詞都同樣重要，必然有些詞較為關鍵，有些詞則相對次要一些。一般來說，關鍵詞需要重讀，這就是句子重音，而其他詞則不必重讀。名詞、實義動詞、形容詞、副詞、數(shù)詞、指示代詞、疑問詞和感嘆詞等一般都重讀。而冠詞、介詞、連詞和一般性的代詞則不重讀What s the matter?The sweater is beautiful.Your book is on the desk.He

4、 started counting it.He usually gets up at six oclock.助動詞、情態(tài)動詞和be動詞是否有句子重音？1. 助動詞、情態(tài)動詞和be動詞一般沒有句子重音，但在附加句中可以重讀，在簡答句中則必須重讀：He wont do it, will he? No he wont.You can do it, cant you? Yes, I can.You were trying, werent you? Yes, I was.2.助動詞、情態(tài)動詞和be動詞與not連成一詞時要重讀：She doesnt like the weather here.I cant

5、 speak French。They arent waiting for us.He isnt a tech nician.3.be用在一般疑問句句首時，重讀與否均可：Is he a worker?Is he a worker?比較句中的重音在比較句中，重音落在as或than后的代（名）詞上：This is better than that.John is taller than Bill.Shes as happy as a lark.Hes as sly as a fox.邏輯重音句子的重音總是要表現(xiàn)說話人的思想和他所要表達的意思的重點。有時為了強調(diào)，句子中幾乎任何詞都可以有句子重音，包括

6、一些通常沒有句子重音的詞，這種依說話者意圖重讀的音就是邏輯重音。E.g. He stole my car.He stole my car. He stole my car.He stole my car. He stole my car.Are you angry with me?Are you angry with me?Are you angry with me?Did you tell my wife?Did you tell my wife?Did you tell my wife?We heard John talking.We heard John talking.We heard

7、 John talking.語調(diào)英語語調(diào)主要有降調(diào)、升調(diào)和平調(diào)三大類。不同的語調(diào)可以表示說話人不同的態(tài)度和不同的隱含意思。英語中同一句話采用不同的語調(diào)會產(chǎn)生截然不同的語意概念。如“Yes”語調(diào)具有強烈的感情色彩，它使語言更富有表現(xiàn)力。降調(diào)用于陳述句I have already read that book. That street is two miles long. 用于特殊疑問句What has happened to him? Which direction is it to the post office? 注意：特殊疑問句有時可用升調(diào)表示請別人重復剛說過的話：What is your

8、 major? Where shall we go for the holiday? 用于祈使句Go back to your seat! Please do not hesitate to contact me. 用于感嘆句What a small world! Oh! My poor Mathilde, how youve changed! 用于選擇疑問句中“or”之后的部分Do you want to ride or walk? Would you like coffee or tea? 升調(diào)用于一般疑問句Do you mind if I sit here? Can you hand i

9、n your compositions today? 注意：一般疑問句有時也可用降調(diào)，表示一種不耐煩的口氣，或表示命令等。Are you satisfied? Will you take off your hat, please? 用于羅列中最后一項之前的各項For each incomplete sentence, there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. We study Chinese , history , geography , and English. 用于陳述句，表示疑問、懷疑、未定、猜測或期待等Your really want to do it? She might have gone. I think so. 用于置于句首的狀語短語或狀語從句After dinner , I read a magazine and made telephone calls. While you were writing letters , I was reading a book. 用于并列句的第一個分句，表示句子還未說完My fever is gone , but I still have a cough. My major is English , and I like it. 用于委婉祈使句Excuse me, si