專題十一數(shù)詞和主謂一致課件

1、專題十一 數(shù)詞和主謂一致熱點考向一數(shù)詞的基本用法1. 數(shù)詞的分類2. “數(shù)詞普通名詞形容詞”構(gòu)成的合成形容詞中，數(shù)詞和普通名詞都要用單數(shù)形式。a threeyearold boy一個三歲的男孩a twomilelong walk一段兩英里的路程3. 在表達分數(shù)時，分子用基數(shù)詞，分母用序數(shù)詞，分數(shù)的分子超過“1”時，分母須加s。如one tenth(1/10)，three tenths(3/10)。4. 英語中表示年代時，直接在年份前面加定冠詞the，再在年份后面加s或s，如“20世紀80年代”，可表示為the 1980s或the 1980s。5. 年齡表達法(1)基數(shù)詞(years old)(

2、2)at(the age of)基數(shù)詞(3)in ones twenties在某人二十幾歲時(4)of基數(shù)詞a boy of five(5)與基數(shù)詞合成的定語，名詞要用單數(shù)a fiveyearold boy(6)基數(shù)詞名詞合成復(fù)合形容詞，作前置定語，名詞用單數(shù)形式。a fiveyear plan一個五年計劃6. dozen和score的用法(1)dozen表示：一打，十二個；score表示：二十；(2)當(dāng)dozen與數(shù)詞或many，several等連用時，不加“s”，所修飾的名詞前常省去“of”；score則不然。two dozen pencils兩打鉛筆two score of books四

3、十本書dozens of people scores of people許多人(3)當(dāng)后面的名詞前有these，those或為代詞them，us等時，dozen后應(yīng)加“of”。a dozen of these peopletwo dozen of them熱點考向二主謂一致1. 就近一致原則(1)由or, either.or.，neither.nor.，not only.but also.等連接的并列主語，謂語動詞常與最近的主語在單復(fù)數(shù)上保持一致。Either you or he is to go.要么你去，要么他去。Are neither you nor I fit for the work

4、?你和我都不適合這份工作嗎？“with/along with/together with/including/but/except/like/as well as/no more than/besides/rather than名詞”置于主語后，謂語動詞一般仍與前面的名詞在單復(fù)數(shù)上保持一致。Henry，rather than Jane and John，is responsible for the loss.損失的責(zé)任應(yīng)由亨利而不是由簡和約翰來承擔(dān)。The teacher as well as the students was reading in the library.老師和學(xué)生們在圖書館

5、里閱讀。(2)由there，here引起的主語不止一個時，謂語通常和最鄰近的主語保持一致。There is a pencil and two pens in the pencilbox.文具盒內(nèi)有一支鉛筆和兩支鋼筆。2. 意義一致原則(1)謂語動詞用單數(shù)的情況由連詞and連接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出現(xiàn)。The worker and writer is from Wuhan.那個工人兼作家來自武漢?！皀o/each/every/many a單數(shù)名詞andno/each/every/many a單數(shù)名詞”作主語。Every man and every woman has a go

6、od reason to be proud of the work done by their fathers.每一個人都很有理由為他們的父親所從事的職業(yè)感到驕傲。Each boy and each girl has been invited to the teaparty.每個男孩和每個女孩都被邀請參加茶話會。非謂語動詞、名詞性從句作主語。Reading often means learning.讀書常意味著學(xué)習(xí)。To read English aloud every morning does you a lot of good.每天早晨大聲朗讀英語對你有許多好處。Whatever was

7、left was taken away.無論剩下了什么都被拿走了。 (2)謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)的情況由and連接的兩個并列成分表示兩個不同的概念。Both bread and butter are sold out.面包和黃油都賣完了。people，police，cattle等有生命的集體名詞作主語。People read for pleasure during their spare time.人們閑暇之余的閱讀是為了消遣。what引導(dǎo)的主語從句，謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式，若從句謂語或從句后的表語是復(fù)數(shù)形式，則謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。What they need are books.他們需要的是書。1.

8、 Generally, students inner motivation with high expectations from others_(be) essential to their development.答案：is解析：句意：一般來說，學(xué)生們的內(nèi)在動機及來自他人的高期望對他們的發(fā)展是必要的。本題考查主謂一致。本題中由with連接兩個成分，即A with B，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)該和A保持一致，所以本句謂語動詞應(yīng)該和students inner motivation保持一致，用單數(shù)。本句說的是一般情況，所以用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。2. The famous musician, as well

9、 as his students, _(invite) to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo.答案：was invited解析：句意：那位著名音樂家和他的學(xué)生應(yīng)邀在2012年臺北花博會開幕式上演出。本題既考查主謂一致又考查動詞的時態(tài)。題干中的主語是The famous musician，是單數(shù)形式，與invite是被動關(guān)系。根據(jù)the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo可知謂語動詞需用過去時態(tài)。3. The university estimates that living expenses

10、 for international students _ around $8, 450 a year, which_a burden for some of them.(be)答案：are; is解析：句意：這所大學(xué)估計留學(xué)生一年的生活費用大約是8,450美元，這一點對于他們中的一些人來說是個負擔(dān)。本題考查主謂一致。第一空：因為主語是living expenses，是復(fù)數(shù)，所以謂語動詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式are；第二空：主語是which，用來替代前面的句子，所以謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式is。4All the scientific evidence _(show) that increasing use

11、of chemicals in farming _(be) damaging our health.答案：shows; is解析：考查主謂一致。evidence作“證據(jù)，證明”講時是不可數(shù)名詞，故第一空用shows；increasing use of chemicals in farming是動名詞短語作主語，謂語用單數(shù)，故第二空用is。5Walmart, which is one of the largest American supermarket chains，_(keep) some of its stores open 24 hours on Mondays through Saturdays.答案：keeps解析：考查時態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：沃爾瑪是美國最大的連鎖超市之一，部分店從星期一到星期六24小時營業(yè)。根據(jù)句中的“is”可知，此處應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時，主語為Walmart，謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)。6The basketball coach, as well as his team，_(be) interviewed shortly after the match for their outstanding performance.答案：was 解析