英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)8種基本時(shí)態(tài)講解.ppt課件

1、英語(yǔ)8種基本時(shí)態(tài)講解一概念：英語(yǔ)中表示不同時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，需用不同的動(dòng)詞形式表示，這種不同的動(dòng)詞形式稱為時(shí)態(tài)。二種類：（基本時(shí)態(tài)）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)1一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：句型結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ).（包括be動(dòng)詞）賓語(yǔ)其他成分當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞詞尾加-s或-es 1)表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。He has breakfast at 6:00every day.2)表客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)和普遍真理。The sun always rises in the east .3)表永遠(yuǎn)性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。He lives in the country

2、 .注意：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)通常與always , often , usually 等頻度副詞以及 every day , sometimes , once a week 等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。I always watch TV at 8:00 in the evening . They go home once a week .第三人稱單數(shù)變化形式。a)一般情況動(dòng)詞在詞尾加-s .come-comes speak-speaksb)以o, s, x, ch, sh結(jié)尾的單詞在詞后加es.do-does go-goes finish-finishesfix-fixes pass-passes watch-wa

3、tchesc)以輔音字母y結(jié)尾的單詞變y為i加-es.Study-studies carry-carries d)以元音字母y結(jié)尾的單詞直接加-s.play-plays stay-stays否定句和疑問(wèn)句。a)-He is an engineer. -He isnt an engineer. -Is he an engineer? -Yes, he is ./ No, he isnt.否定句和疑問(wèn)句。b)-We get up at 7:30 in the morning . -We dont get up at 7:30 in the morning .-Do you get up at 7:

4、30 in the morning ?-Yes, we do. / No, we dont.c)-He likes music.-He doesnt like music.-Does he like music?-Yes ,he does./ No, he doesnt .2一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示發(fā)生在過(guò)去的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，通常與表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)如yesterday, last night ,some years ago, in 1990,in those days.等連用。I was a student 6years ago.I went to Beijing last year.句型結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)

5、.過(guò)去時(shí)賓語(yǔ)其他成分They saw a film last night .否定句和疑問(wèn)句。a)-He was busy yesterday.-He wasnt busy.-Was he busy?-Yes, he was./ No, he wasnt.b)-He smoked last year.-He didnt smoke last year.-Did he smoke last year?-Yes ,he did ./No ,he didnt.c)-He joined the army in 1990.-He didnt joined the army in 1990.-Did he

6、join the army in 1990?-Yes ,he did ./No ,he didnt.4）動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式變化規(guī)則。a)一般情況下的詞加-ed.work-worked call-calledb)以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的單詞直接加-d .live-lived change-changed smoke-smoked die-died graduate-graduated drive-drovec)以輔音字母y結(jié)尾的單詞，變y為i加-ed.study-studied carry-carried cry-cried try-triedd)以元音字母y結(jié)尾的單詞直接加-ed.play-played

7、 stay-stayede)以元音輔音結(jié)尾的單詞應(yīng)先雙寫(xiě)這個(gè)輔音字母然后再加-ed.stop-stopped plan-planned pat-pattedf)動(dòng)詞不規(guī)則變化：do-did go-went come-came run-ranbegin-began drink-drank keep-keptcut-cut set-set let-let3一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示將來(lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與表將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next Sunday, soon, in a few days等連用。句型結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)will/shallV.原形（

8、第一人稱用shall）I shall go to Shanghai tomorrow.They will have a meeting next week.-She will be 20 years old.be(am, is, are)going to+動(dòng)詞原形They are going to have a meeting next Sunday.begoingto和will的區(qū)別begoingto表示近期、眼下就要發(fā)生的事情，will表示的將來(lái)時(shí)間則較遠(yuǎn)一些。Heisgoingtowritealettertonight.Hewillwriteabookonebegoingto含有“打算，

9、準(zhǔn)備”的意思，而will則沒(méi)有這個(gè)意思，Sheisgoingtolendusherbook.Hewillbehereinhalfanhour.be about toV.原形（意為馬上做某事，在時(shí)間上指最近的將來(lái)）I am about to leave school.不能與表示時(shí)間的副詞連用。They are about to set out.()They are about to set out soon.()4過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)是立足于過(guò)去某時(shí)，從過(guò)去的觀點(diǎn)看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。主要用于賓語(yǔ)從句中。 基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+would/should / was/were going to +V.

10、原形+He said that he would have a meeting next week.They said we should leave school tomorrow.5現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)在這段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。通常與now, at present 等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用?；窘Y(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+be(am, is, are)+ v-ing +其他成分You are listening to me carefully now.She is writing a letter this year.Look! They are dancing.We are studying Engl

11、ish at present .Its raining hard now.6 .過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某階段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作， 通常與 at 6:00 yesterday, at this/ that time yesterday, when 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)等連用?；窘Y(jié)構(gòu) 主語(yǔ)+be (was/were) +v- ing +其他成分It was raining at 7:00 the day before yesterday.They were building a reservoir at this time last winter.7.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響

12、。Ive finished this work.He has ever been to Australia.表示過(guò)去某時(shí)間已經(jīng)開(kāi)始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)通常與下列時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用 up to now, in the past, recently, by , for 5 years, since 1994, so far, already, yet, ever, just基本結(jié)構(gòu) 主語(yǔ)+ have/has + P.P(動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞)I have already read this book.Have you read?Yes, I have. No, I havent.What have you

13、 read?過(guò)去分詞的不規(guī)則變化do did done go went goneeat ate eaten come came comehave had had see saw seen注意含有終止意義或暫短意義的動(dòng)詞不能與 for, since 引導(dǎo)的一般時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。（buy, begin, die, come, go , join, leave 等）I have had a book for 3 years.I have bought a book for 3 day. (wrong)He has been in the army for 3 years.He have joined t

14、he army for 3 years. (wrong)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別：1)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)側(cè)重于對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響；而一般過(guò)去時(shí)側(cè)重于某一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間或某段時(shí)間。即現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)側(cè)重于現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果，而一般過(guò)去時(shí)側(cè)重于動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間。例如：I have seen the film.我看過(guò)這部電影。(現(xiàn)在我仍記得電影的內(nèi)容)I saw the film three days ago.三天前我看了這部電影。(強(qiáng)調(diào)是三天前,而不是別的什么時(shí)候看的電影)8.過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)， 強(qiáng)調(diào)“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”， 常與 by the time, by the end

15、of,before , by 等引導(dǎo)時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用?；窘Y(jié)構(gòu) 主語(yǔ)+ had + 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞 + 其他成分When I got to the cinema yesterday the film had begun already.He had learned English before he came here.2）時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)不同?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常與already， yet， just， ever， never， before等副詞以及“for+時(shí)間段”，“since+過(guò)去時(shí)間/從句”等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用；一般過(guò)去時(shí)則常與“時(shí)間段+ago”，just now， yesterday， last week

16、等表示過(guò)去時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。例如：She has lived here since two years ago.她兩年前就住在這里了。She lived here two years ago.兩年前她住在這里。Thank you!9、春去春又回，新桃換舊符。在那桃花盛開(kāi)的地方，在這醉人芬芳的季節(jié)，愿你生活像春天一樣陽(yáng)光，心情像桃花一樣美麗，日子像桃子一樣甜蜜。2022/7/252022/7/25Monday, July 25, 202210、人的志向通常和他們的能力成正比例。2022/7/252022/7/252022/7/257/25/2022 9:09:12 AM11、夫?qū)W須志也，才須學(xué)也，

17、非學(xué)無(wú)以廣才，非志無(wú)以成學(xué)。2022/7/252022/7/252022/7/25Jul-2225-Jul-2212、越是無(wú)能的人，越喜歡挑剔別人的錯(cuò)兒。2022/7/252022/7/252022/7/25Monday, July 25, 202213、志不立，天下無(wú)可成之事。2022/7/252022/7/252022/7/252022/7/257/25/202214、Thank you very much for taking me with you on that splendid outing to London. It was the first time that I had seen the Tower or any of the other famous sights. If Id gone alone, I couldnt have seen nearly as much, because