化學(xué)工程與工藝畢業(yè)設(shè)計論文(共15頁)

1、PAGE PAGE 15寶雞(bo j)文理學(xué)院化學(xué)化工系畢業(yè)論文(b y ln wn)題目:金雀花堿在生理鹽水中的溶解行為學(xué)生姓名陳洋（200792054023）指導(dǎo)教師李宗孝（教授）班 級2007級化學(xué)1班專 業(yè)化學(xué)工程與工藝學(xué) 院寶雞文理學(xué)院2011年5月18日目 錄 TOC o 1-2 h z u HYPERLINK l _Toc262582823 摘 要1 HYPERLINK l _Toc262582827 1.前言(qin yn)1 HYPERLINK l _Toc262582828 1.1 金雀花堿的性質(zhì)(xngzh)和作用1 HYPERLINK l _Toc262582829

2、1.2 生理鹽水(shnglynshu)的性質(zhì)及用途2 HYPERLINK l _Toc262582830 1.3 金雀花堿的研究進展2 HYPERLINK l _Toc262582831 1.4 金雀花堿的發(fā)展前景2 HYPERLINK l _Toc262582832 2. 實驗3 HYPERLINK l _Toc262582833 2.1 實驗試劑3 HYPERLINK l _Toc262582834 2.2 實驗設(shè)備及儀器3 HYPERLINK l _Toc262582835 2.3 實驗方法3 HYPERLINK l _Toc262582836 3. 結(jié)果及討論3 HYPERLINK

3、l _Toc262582837 3.1 金雀花堿在生理鹽水中的熱力學(xué)溶解行為3 HYPERLINK l _Toc262582838 3.2 金雀花堿在生理鹽水中溶解的動力學(xué)過程5 HYPERLINK l _Toc262582839 3.3 金雀花堿在生理鹽水中溶解的熱力學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)處理。12 HYPERLINK l _Toc262582840 3.4結(jié)論 PAGEREF _Toc262582840 h 12 HYPERLINK l _Toc262582841 參考文獻 PAGEREF _Toc262582841 h 13金雀花堿在生理鹽水(shnglynshu)中的溶解(rngji)行為陳洋 交稿日

4、期：2011-5-18. 指導(dǎo)教師：李宗孝作者簡介：陳洋（1988-06-01），男，陜西省韓城人，化學(xué)化工系11屆畢業(yè)生。（寶雞(bo j)文理學(xué)院 化學(xué)化工系 陜西 寶雞 721007）摘 要：在常壓及298.15K的條件下，用微熱量熱法測定了金雀花堿在生理鹽水中的溶解焓，得到了金雀花堿在生理鹽水中的微分溶解熱和積分溶解熱。建立了熱量與溶質(zhì)的濃度之間的關(guān)系式，得到了金雀花堿在生理鹽水中溶解過程的動力學(xué)方程。通過對金雀花堿在生理鹽水中溶解行為的研究，可以為金雀花堿日后在臨床上的應(yīng)用提供相關(guān)的數(shù)據(jù)參考。關(guān)鍵詞：動力學(xué)； 溶解； 金雀花堿；生理鹽水。. 前言. 金雀花堿的性質(zhì)和作用金雀花堿： H

5、YPERLINK /image/d5462bfac93fe4979f514635 o 查看圖片 t _blank 【英文名稱】: Cytisine 【別名】：司巴丁，野靛堿，金雀花酮堿，烏樂堿；分子式C11H14N2O；分子質(zhì)量190.24 ；【CAS】485-35-8；性狀斜方棱柱黃白色粉末,含量99%。 臨床用金雀花堿0. 15%水溶液供肌肉或靜脈注射，搶救因手術(shù)和各種創(chuàng)傷引起的反射性呼吸暫停、休克和新生兒窒息等。近期研究表明，該類生物堿還具有抗心率失常、抗微生物感染、抗?jié)?、升高白細胞等多方面的藥理作用，特別是該類化合物較強的抗癌活性。可用于生產(chǎn)戒煙藥、急救藥、止咳藥。.生理鹽水(shn

6、glynshu)的性質(zhì)(xngzh)及用途生理(shngl)鹽水，是指生理學(xué)實驗或臨床上常用的滲透壓與動物或人體血漿的滲透壓相等的氯化鈉溶液。濃度:用于兩棲類動物時是0.670.70，用于哺乳類動物和人體時是0.850.9人們平常點滴用的氯化鈉注射液濃度是0.9%,可以當(dāng)成生理鹽水來使用。因為它的滲透壓值和正常人的血漿、組織液都是大致一樣的，所以可以用作補液（不會降低和增加正常人體內(nèi)鈉離子濃度）以及其他醫(yī)療用途，也常用作體外培養(yǎng)活組織、細胞。能夠避免細胞破裂，它的滲透壓和細胞外的一樣，所以不會讓細胞脫水或者過度吸水，所以各種醫(yī)療操作中需要用液體的地方很多都用它，人體細胞生活中所處液體環(huán)境的濃度

7、。為糾正脫水、酸中毒，臨床常將不同液體按比例配成混合液應(yīng)用。.金雀花堿類的研究進展金雀花堿類是指分子中有吡啶酮環(huán)的三環(huán)或者四環(huán)結(jié)構(gòu)的喹喏里西啶類生物堿化合物，主要包括三環(huán)結(jié)構(gòu)的金雀花堿、N甲基金雀花堿、和四環(huán)結(jié)構(gòu)的臭豆堿等，大多分布于豆科植物中。野生植物披針葉黃華的種子及全草中含有大量此類生物堿，其極強的生物活性從上世紀(jì)70年代就引起了人們關(guān)注。臨床用金雀花堿0.15%水溶液供肌肉或靜脈注射,搶救因手術(shù)和各種創(chuàng)傷引起的反射性呼吸暫停、休克和新生兒窒息等。近期研究表明,該類生物堿還具有抗心率失常、抗微生物感染、抗?jié)儭⑸甙准毎榷喾矫娴乃幚碜饔?特別是該類化合物較強的抗癌活性。披針葉黃華中,金

8、雀花堿的提取方法大都采用溫浸法和熱回流法,用超聲提取法未見文獻報道。為此,通過正交實驗法考察影響乙醇超聲提取此類生物堿的主要因素,優(yōu)化提取工藝條件,并在此基礎(chǔ)上對披針葉黃華種子、莖葉、根、花等不同部位的金雀花堿類生物堿的含量進行測定。14金雀花堿的發(fā)展前景藥用植物在醫(yī)藥中占有重要地位，其資源的保護和開發(fā)利用將進一步受到重視。植物化學(xué)分類方法的進一步應(yīng)用有利于尋找和擴大藥用植物的新資源。在現(xiàn)有人工選種和雜交育種的基礎(chǔ)上，單倍體、多倍體、細胞雜交、輻射等育種方法將在培育新品種方面起更大作用。組織培養(yǎng)為藥用植物的工業(yè)化生產(chǎn)提供了新的途徑，并可作為新的生物活性物質(zhì)的來源。 此外，藥理篩選與植物化學(xué)相結(jié)

9、合的方法的應(yīng)用，將為研究不同藥用植物類群在成分(chng fn)和療效方面的差異，以及擴大范圍尋找有效藥物、探求藥用植物內(nèi)在質(zhì)量和進行藥用植物綜合研究等開辟新的領(lǐng)域。綜上所述,目前(mqin)對金雀花堿藥理(yol)活性和醫(yī)用活性等多方面都開展了大量的研究工作,尤其是近年來對其醫(yī)用抗癌作用的研究已表現(xiàn)出一定的發(fā)展優(yōu)勢。這些都為其進一步開發(fā)利用奠定了良好的基礎(chǔ)。2. 實驗2.1 實驗試劑金雀花堿（99%） 生理鹽水（化學(xué)純）2.2 實驗設(shè)備及儀器微熱量熱儀（RD 496-2000） 電子天平（AB 135-s）2.3 實驗方法在常壓及303.15K的條件下，分別取質(zhì)量為11.90mg、20.54

10、mg、26.19mg、30.02mg、36.32mg、43.35mg的金雀花堿溶解在相同體積（1.5ml）的生理鹽水中。用RD 496-2000微熱量熱器測出它們的溶解熱。3. 結(jié)果及討論3.1 金雀花堿在生理鹽水中的熱力學(xué)溶解行為由2.3中的實驗方法可得出金雀花堿在生理鹽水中的整個溶解過程的曲線圖（圖1），它的溶解是一個吸熱的過程。圖1 金雀花堿在生理鹽水(shnglynshu)中整個(zhngg)溶解(rngji)過程的熱量變化速率金雀花堿在1.5ml生理鹽水中溶解的熱力學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)如下表表1 金雀花堿在1.50 mL 生理鹽水溶液中的溶解焓m(mg)n(103mol)Q(J)H/J.mol-1

11、11.90 0.063 562.268988.60 20.54 0.108 897.138309.15 26.19 0.138 11628440.58 30.02 0.158 1315.68337.10 36.32 0.191 1507.27894.54 43.35 0.228 1805.67923.81 Average8315.63 從表1中的數(shù)據(jù)可以得，在常壓及298.15K的溫度下，溶液的濃度對于分子的摩爾溶解焓值的影響很小，故而可以用的平均值表示金雀花堿分子的摩爾溶解焓為8.32KJ/mol。以表1中的熱量Q為縱坐標(biāo)，物質(zhì)的量103n為橫坐標(biāo)作出圖2，它的線性方程為Q = 7487.2

12、n+ 104.21，相關(guān)系數(shù)R2 = 0.9972 （1）圖2.金雀花堿在生理鹽水(shnglynshu)中溶解(rngji)的濃度103n與熱量(rling)Q之間的關(guān)系圖3.2 金雀花堿在生理鹽水中溶解的動力學(xué)過程金雀花堿在生理鹽水中溶解過程的動力學(xué)方程可以用函數(shù)（2）（3）來表示 （2） （3）表2 金雀花在1.50 mL 生理鹽水溶液中的實驗數(shù)據(jù)m/mgt(s)dH/dt(mJs-1)Ht(mJ)Ht/HoH/KJ.mol-111.900.0981124.650.221694598.99200.0952155.150.275939957400.0911184.530.328193363

13、600.0863212.520.377974602800.0812238.930.4249457551000.076263.720.4690356771200.0709286.910.5102799421400.066308.510.5486963331600.0612328.570.5843737771800.0567347.180.6174723442000.0525364.410.648116532200.0485380.360.6764841892400.0449395.10.7026998192600.0414408.720.7269234872800.0382421.290.749

14、2796933000.0353432.890.7699107173200.0327443.620.7889944153400.0301453.530.8066197133600.0279462.680.8228933233800.0257471.120.8379041724000.0237478.920.8517767584200.022486.130.8646000074400.0203492.790.8764450614600.0188498.970.8874364174800.0174504.690.8976096475000.0161509.980.9070181065200.0148

15、514.850.9156795795400.0137519.340.9236652085600.0126523.470.9310105655800.0115527.270.9377690046000.0106530.760.9439760966200.0097533.980.9497029846400.0089536.920.9549318826600.0082539.620.9597339316800.0076542.10.9641447027000.007544.40.9682353367200.0064546.510.9719880487400.0059548.450.975438409

16、7600.0053550.210.9785686347800.0048551.790.9813787228000.0043553.220.98392202920.5400.1266246.280.2745198588.31300.1207304.840.339794679600.1131360.210.401513716900.1049411.810.4590304641200.0964459.440.5121219891500.0881503.10.5607882921800.0802542.920.6051742782100.0727579.080.6454805882400.065961

17、1.870.6820304752700.0595641.530.7150914583000.0536668.290.7449199113300.0483692.40.77179453600.0433714.060.7959381583900.039733.530.8176406994200.0349751.030.8371473484500.0313766.680.8545918654800.028780.70.8702194785100.025793.240.8841973855400.0224804.450.8966927875700.02814.460.907850596000.0178

18、823.40.9178157016300.0159831.360.926688446600.0142838.460.9346025666900.0127844.820.941691847200.0113850.50.948023147500.0101855.570.9536744957800.0091860.110.9587350778100.0082864.20.963294068400.0073867.870.9673848838700.0066871.160.9710521339000.006874.140.9743738379300.0053876.820.9773611419600.

19、0047879.20.9800140459900.0042881.30.98235484310200.0037883.170.98443926710500.0032884.80.98625617210800.0028886.240.98786129111100.0024887.490.98925462311400.002888.540.99042502226.1900.1441281.780.2424956978.44200.1409326.750.281196213400.1366370.50.318846816600.132412.840.355283993800.1263453.590.

20、390352841000.1205492.510.4238468161200.1149529.630.4557917381400.109564.90.4861445781600.1032598.350.5149311531800.0976630.020.5421858862000.0923659.980.5679690192200.0871688.240.5922891572400.0824714.950.6152753872600.0784740.340.6371256452800.0741764.410.6578399313000.0699787.110.6773752153200.066

21、808.520.6958003443400.0629828.880.7133218593600.0592848.120.7298795183800.0555866.240.7454733224000.052883.220.7600860594200.0487899.10.7737521514400.0454913.930.786514634600.0422927.740.7983993124800.0398940.660.8095180725000.0373952.80.8199655775200.035964.190.8297676425400.0331974.910.83899311556

22、00.0315985.090.8477538735800.0295994.680.8560068856000.02781003.710.8637779696200.02691012.340.8712048196400.02561020.640.8783476766600.02451028.550.8851549056800.02311036.070.8916265067000.02131043.080.8976592087200.02011049.610.903278837400.01841055.680.9085025827600.01731061.320.9133562827800.017

23、21066.760.9180378668000.01651072.050.9225903618200.01621077.190.92701376930.0200.1966280.750.213400738.34300.1919327.840.249194284600.1826461.530.350813317900.1708545.20.4144116751200.1579623.010.4735557921500.1448694.630.5279948311800.1317760.050.5777211922100.1194819.490.6229020982400.1078873.250.

24、6637655822700.097921.720.7006080883000.0871965.290.7337260573300.07811004.360.7634235333600.06991039.350.7900197633900.06241070.650.8138111894200.05581098.610.8350638494500.04971123.550.8540209794800.04431145.790.8709258135100.03951165.610.8859911835400.03511183.260.8994071155700.03131198.960.911340

25、8336000.02781212.950.9219747646300.02481225.390.9314305266600.0221236.440.9398297356900.01951246.250.9472864097200.01731254.950.9538993627500.01541262.690.9597826097800.01361269.550.964996968100.01211275.630.9696184258400.01071281.030.9737230168700.00951285.810.9773563399000.00841290.030.98056400193

26、00.00741293.750.9833916089600.00651297.030.9858847679900.00571299.910.98807388310200.0051302.430.98998935810500.00431304.620.99165399810800.00381306.530.99310580711100.00321308.190.99436758911400.00281309.610.99544694411700.00241310.830.99637427812000.0021311.870.99716479212300.00171312.740.99782608

27、712600.00141313.470.99838096736.3200.2395376.770.2499800967.89300.2295487.930.323732749600.2144593.050.393477972900.197690.430.4580878451200.1794779.50.5171841831500.1622860.320.5708067941800.1464933.320.6192409772100.1316999.070.6628649152400.11811058.130.7020501592700.10591111.140.7372213383000.09

28、461158.580.7686969213300.08431200.910.7967821133600.0751238.60.8217887473900.06641272.060.8439888544200.05851301.60.863588114500.05151327.640.880865184800.04541350.560.8960721875100.03981370.710.9094413485400.03491388.40.9211783445700.03041403.850.931429146000.02661417.340.9403795126300.02331429.170

29、.9482285036600.02041439.480.9550690026900.01781448.510.9610602447200.01561456.410.9663017527500.01381463.360.9709129517800.0121469.460.9749601918100.01041474.750.9784700118400.0091479.330.9815087588700.00761483.270.9841228779000.00631486.570.9863123679300.0051489.240.9880838649600.00411491.380.98950

30、371543.6500.215401.30.2222529917.92300.2111502.210.27814023600.2038600.470.332559814900.1942694.630.3847086841200.1834783.990.4341991581500.172868.080.4807709351800.1606946.730.5243298632100.14951020.110.5649700932400.13841088.180.6026694732700.12761151.090.6375110773000.11731209.030.6696001333300.1

31、0751262.190.699041873600.09841310.90.7260190523900.08981355.430.7506812144200.08211396.080.7731945064500.07471433.190.7937472314800.06791466.950.8124446175100.06191497.630.8294361985400.05631525.540.8448936645700.051215510.858994246000.04651574.080.8717766956300.04231595.070.8834016396600.03851614.1

32、70.893979846900.03511631.570.9036165267200.03171647.380.9123726197500.02891661.720.9203145777800.02621674.740.9275254768100.02381686.590.9340883928400.02151697.280.9400088618700.01951706.960.945369969000.01771715.730.9502270719300.01591723.660.9546189639600.01431730.830.9585899429900.0131737.250.962

3301161743.080.96537439110500.01031748.290.96825985810800.00921752.880.97080194911100.00821757.010.97308927811400.00751760.70.9751329211700.00681764.050.97698825912000.00621767.120.97868852512300.00561769.930.98024479412600.00521772.450.98164045212900.00481774.830.98295857313200.00441776.9

34、80.98414931313500.004117790.98526805513800.00381780.860.98629818314100.00351782.620.98727292914400.00321784.20.98814798414700.0031785.660.9889565815000.00271787.010.98970425315300.00251788.270.99040208215600.00241789.390.99102237515900.00231790.490.99163159116200.00221791.550.99221865316500.0021792.

35、570.99278356216800.00181793.450.99327093517100.00171794.30.99374169317400.00141795.050.99415706717700.00131795.70.99451705818000.00131796.320.99486043418300.00121796.930.99519827218600.00111797.470.995497342由（2）（3）兩式可得n （4）把a=H/H0帶入（4）式中得i=1,2,L （5）在這個(zh ge)方程中，a 是轉(zhuǎn)換系數(shù)，f（a）是動力學(xué)函數(shù)，H表示(biosh)在t時刻的熱量，

36、i是在溶解(rngji)過程中的任意一個時間，K是金雀花堿溶解反應(yīng)的速率，n是反應(yīng)級數(shù)。將表（2）中的數(shù)據(jù)（dH/dt）i、（H/H0）i帶入（5）式中，分別以與為橫、縱坐標(biāo)，做出圖3，其斜率即為反應(yīng)級數(shù)n，截距為lnk。y = 1.1933x + 10.054 R2 = 0.9979y = 1.0463x + 8.8367 R2 = 0.9991y = 1.0031x + 8.6495 R2 = 0.9980y = 1.1854x + 10.145 R2 = 0.9975y = 1.0673x + 8.893 R2 = 0.9974y = 0.9376x + 7.9348 R2 = 0.9968由以上的線性關(guān)系式可得到(d do)如表（3）所示的不同物質(zhì)的量所對應(yīng)的k，n，r。表3 298.15K下金雀花堿在1.50mL生理鹽水溶液(rngy)中溶解的n和lnkm(mg)n(103mol)lnk(s-1)r11.90 1.193 -10.05 0.9979 20.54 1.046 -8.84 0.9991 26.19 1.003 -8.65 0.9980 30.02 1.185 -10.15 0.