河北衡水高三英語新高考語法學(xué)習(xí)筆記（25）完成時態(tài)知識點概要公開課

1、淅水第一中圖Henasln NOA High fchwl河北衡水高三英語新高考語法學(xué)習(xí)筆記(25)完成時態(tài)知識點概要完成時態(tài)第一節(jié)現(xiàn)在完成時(have/has done)39現(xiàn)在完成時用法(一)：延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)現(xiàn)在完成時表示開始于過去的某一動作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，而且還可 能繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去。謂語動詞一般為延續(xù)性動詞。I have lived here for 3 years.到說話這一時刻，我仍住在這里，而且還可能繼續(xù)住下去。r ve worked in this company since I left school.我畢業(yè)以后就一直在這家公司上班?；蛘?，上下文明確告知，開始于過去的動作只

2、持續(xù)到說話時刻為止。一Have you waited long?r ve waited for three hours.(見到了要等的人，所以wait動作就此結(jié)束。)r ve waited for him all day; I don t want to wait any longer.He lived in Beijing for 3 years and then emigrated to America.（曾經(jīng)住過，但現(xiàn)在已搬走了。）He has been in the army for 6 years.（他入伍已有六年。）He was in the army for 6 years.（他

3、當(dāng)過六年的兵，現(xiàn)在不是了。）I have smoked for 2 years.（我已有兩年的煙齡了，可能還要繼續(xù)吸。）I smoked for 2 years.（我抽過兩年的煙，但現(xiàn)在戒了。）現(xiàn)在完成時的特點：1)謂語動詞一般為延續(xù)性動詞。2)動作發(fā)生的時間是過去，但這一動作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，而且還可能繼 續(xù)持續(xù)下去。3 )這種用法的現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)常與表示一段時間”的時間狀語連用, 以說明某個動作或狀態(tài)持續(xù)了多久。40與現(xiàn)在完成時搭配的時間狀語since +時間點r ve worked in this company since I left school.(2 ) for +時間段r ve wor

4、ked in this company for three years.(3 )表示到目前為止.until nowup until nowup to nowup till now so far We have up until now failed to take any action to decide on a common language that would further communication between nations.到目前為止，我們尚未采取任何行動來確定一門國際通用語言，以促 進國家間的交流。(4 )表示最近幾世紀/年/月以來 for the past few ye

5、ars over the past few years during the last three months for the last few centuries through centuries throughout historyThroughout history man has had to accept the fact that all living things must die, for the very nature of life includes death.自古以來，人類就必須接受這樣的事實：一切生命體最終都會消亡, 因為生命的本質(zhì)包含了死亡。41現(xiàn)在完成時用法(

6、二)：發(fā)生在過去但與現(xiàn)在仍有聯(lián)系的動作或 狀態(tài)表示在不確定的過去發(fā)生的某一動作對現(xiàn)在仍有影響。謂語動詞一 般為短暫性動詞。He has broken his leg.他跌斷了腿。（言外之意是：Now he is still in hospital, so he can t go for an outing with his classmates. 他現(xiàn)在還在住院，所以不能和同學(xué)們一起去郊游。）He broke his leg.他腿摔斷過。（單純表示一種過去的經(jīng)歷，但現(xiàn) 在腿已經(jīng)好了。）You should have put the milk into icebox; I expect it u

7、ndrinkable by now.A.becameB.had becomeC.has become0.becomes正確答案：C句意：你本該把牛奶放在冰箱里的，我想現(xiàn)在這牛奶已經(jīng)不能喝 了。牛奶變質(zhì)是過去某一時刻的動作，但其對現(xiàn)在有影響，即 現(xiàn)在牛奶已經(jīng)不能喝了。42現(xiàn)在完成時在表示發(fā)生在過去但與現(xiàn)在仍有聯(lián)系的動作或狀態(tài)時 的使用技巧(1)這種完成時態(tài)的肯定句不與表示一段時間的狀語連用這種完成時態(tài)中，由于謂語動詞通常是短暫性動詞，即動作在短時間 或瞬間內(nèi)即已終止，不再延續(xù)。常見的這類動詞有：come go leave kill die lose buy start give marry jo

8、in bring因此與它連用不能是指一段時間”的時間狀語。比方以下句子都是 典型的錯誤句子：I have heard from my girlfriend since I came to America.*I have bought this pair of shoes for a year.*He has left his hometown for 3 years.*可改為：It s been 3 years since he left his hometown.He hasn t come back since he left his hometown 3 years ago.He has

9、 been away from his hometown for 3 years.含有短暫性動詞的完成時句子假設(shè)用否認式，表示尚未發(fā)生的事情，那么 可視作一種狀態(tài)的延續(xù)，可與表示一段時間的時間狀語連用。I haven t seen a film for weeks .I haven t heard from my girlfriend since I came to America.I haven1 t bought a pair of shoes for a year.(2)與不確定時間的時間狀語連用這種現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)可以不與任何時間狀語連用，也可以與一些表示不確定時間的時間狀語連用。比方：a

10、lready已經(jīng);yet只用在疑問句或者否認句中，談?wù)撋形窗l(fā) 生的事情；lately最近;often經(jīng)常；just剛才;never從不Would you like something to eat?No, thanks. T ve just had dinner.(剛吃過飯,現(xiàn)在不餓)Has it stopped raining yet?雨停了嗎?He hasnz t arrived yet.他還沒到。I have often thought that it would be perfect if we could fly without any aid.我時常在想，如果我們能夠單獨飛翔該多好

11、啊。(3)用來宣布剛剛發(fā)生的事這種現(xiàn)在完成時經(jīng)常用來表示最近才發(fā)生的動作，提供最新消息，因而具有新聞性質(zhì)。The President has been assassinated.總統(tǒng)被暗殺了。這種現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)強調(diào)的是事件的內(nèi)容，而不是事件發(fā)生的具體時間。 因而，在實際生活對話中，通常用現(xiàn)在完成時開始問答，隨著對話的 繼續(xù)，動作發(fā)生的過去時間在說話人的腦子里已經(jīng)確定了。所以，繼 續(xù)討論時那么用一般過去時態(tài)。Have you seen the film Forrest Gump?（詢問現(xiàn)在對電影阿 甘正傳的內(nèi)容是否了解）Yes, I have.（現(xiàn)在知道電影內(nèi)容）When did you see

12、it?（詢問看電影的過去具體時間）I saw it last spring.（給出具體時間）Did you see it alone?（詢問當(dāng)時情況）No, I saw it with my boyfriend.（提供過去事實）43現(xiàn)在完成時用法（三）：到截至目前的一個時間段內(nèi)重復(fù)發(fā)生的動作For more than eighty years, scientists have argued over whether life exists on the planet Mars.八十多年來，科學(xué)家們一直就火星上是否有生命存在這一問題爭論不 休。I have made many new frien

13、ds since I came to Beijing.44其他需要使用現(xiàn)在完成時的結(jié)構(gòu)(1) This/That/It is+序數(shù)詞+名詞+ that+現(xiàn)在完成時It is the third time that F ve come to Beijing.This is the tenth cup of coffee that r ve drunk this evening.(2 ) This/That/It is +最高級/ 0nly修飾的名詞+現(xiàn)在完成時This is the most interesting movie that I ve ever seen.It is the wors

14、t book I have ever read.This is the only book he has written.假設(shè)是It was the second/best./ , that后邊的句子那么用過去完成 時態(tài)。It was the fifth time that someone had knocked at my door that night.現(xiàn)在完成時總是與現(xiàn)在有著密切的聯(lián)系：或表示到現(xiàn)在為止這一段時間”一直在延續(xù)或重復(fù)發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)；或是表示影響現(xiàn)狀的事件。45現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的用法比擬當(dāng)我們強調(diào)過去的事情對現(xiàn)在仍有意義或仍產(chǎn)生影響時才用現(xiàn)在完成時I haven t seen him this morning.I didnr