四級翻譯備考

1、2009年6月日四六級備考 詞匯綜合部分1改革后的分值比重和題型順序比重變化 老題型 新題型 - 聽力 20% 35% - 閱讀 40% 35% - 詞綜 25% 15% - 寫作 15% 保持不變結(jié)論： 得聽力者得天下；得閱讀者守天下2順序變化 以新題型四級為例Part I 寫作 9：10- 9：40 作文部分（在答題卡一上做作文部分，時(shí)間是半個(gè)小時(shí)） Part II 快速閱讀 9：40- 9：55 快速閱讀（同樣是做在答題紙一上，15分鐘時(shí)間） 9：55-10：00 收答題卡一 Part III 聽力 10：00-10：35 Part IV 仔細(xì)閱讀 10：35-11：00 Part V

2、完型填空（四）或改錯(cuò)（六） 11：00-11：15 Part VI 中譯英（四 六）或簡答 11：15-11：20 3四六級詞匯綜合題型15選10或短文回答漢譯英 (核心語法&詞組詞匯)改錯(cuò) (十大錯(cuò)誤歸類)完形填空 (高頻詞&形近意近詞)4四級漢譯英考點(diǎn)1 語法考點(diǎn) 虛擬語氣 倒裝 從句 2 詞組詞匯考點(diǎn) 重復(fù)的高頻詞組注：極大的減少工作量5虛擬語氣四級：06-6-89，06-12-89/90六級：大綱樣題72，06-12-新72， 07-6-84，07-12-82， 08-6-83 08-12-84注：六級在新題型中，每次5題翻譯中必考一次虛擬語氣。6倒裝四級：大綱樣題88，06-6-90

3、，08-6-91六級：大綱樣題76，06-12-新76， 07-6-83，07-12-86， 08-6-85注：同樣地，六級在新題型中，每次5題翻譯中必考一次倒裝。7虛擬語氣3大考點(diǎn)1. 建議句型2. 對過去的虛擬3. 含蓄條件句 （僅六級考察，四級不做要求）8虛擬語氣 1. 建議句型 a) Sb. suggest that one (should) do sth.建議 suggest advise, propose要求 require, request, desire命令 demand, order, command其他 recommend, insist, prefer注：不用背，只要看到

4、知道后面用虛擬。9虛擬語氣1. 建議句型 b) It is + adj. /Ved+ that sb. should do sthVed: 就是前面羅列的四類動詞的過去式也用虛擬。adj: 好 reasonable, rational, wise, desirable, fair, natural 重要 important, vital, crucial, urgent, essential10虛擬語氣2 對過去的虛擬If one had done sth. , one should/could/would have done sth.11虛擬語氣對過去的虛擬與現(xiàn)在相反 If Ved, 主語

5、would eg: 如果上天再給我一次機(jī)會的話,我一定會對那女孩說三個(gè)字:我愛你 與將來相反 If should/were to,主語 would與過去相反 If had done,主語 would have done （這是考察重點(diǎn)） eg: 假如我再認(rèn)真點(diǎn)的話，我就通過考試了。12虛擬語氣3 含蓄條件句假設(shè)的情況不用從句if，而用介詞/介詞短語表示，如：otherwise, without, but for, in case of例:要不是你幫助我的話，我就沒有機(jī)會上大學(xué)了。 If you hadnt helped me, (But for your help), I would not

6、have had a chance to go to college.13虛擬語氣4. It is time that one did （過去式）是時(shí)候你該睡覺了。是時(shí)候該采取些措施來解決這個(gè)問題了。注：歷史上沒考過，所以沒有正式歸類。14真題-虛擬語氣四級06-6-89The professor required that _(我們交研究報(bào)告)。語法：虛擬1.建議句型詞匯：hand in; research 15真題-虛擬語氣四級06-12-89The victim_ (本來有機(jī)會活下來) if he had been taken to hospital in time. 語法：虛擬2.對過

7、去的虛擬 詞匯：實(shí)意動詞“有”和助動詞have的重復(fù)16真題-虛擬語氣六級大綱樣題72It was essential that _(我們在月底前簽訂合同).語法：虛擬 1建議句型b形容詞表重要詞匯：簽訂合同17真題-虛擬語氣六級06-12-新72If you had _(聽從了我的忠告,你就不會陷入麻煩).語法：虛擬 2對過去的虛擬詞匯：聽從；陷入麻煩18真題-虛擬語氣六級07-6-84It is absolutely unfair that these children _ (被剝奪了受教育的權(quán)利). 語法：虛擬 1建議句型 b形容詞“好”如fair, natural, reasonabl

8、e, rational, desirable, wise詞匯：剝奪權(quán)利19真題-虛擬語氣六級07-12-89But for mobile phones, _(我們的通信就不可能如此迅速和方便).語法：虛擬 3含蓄條件句 but for=與現(xiàn)在相反。詞匯：通信；迅速和方便20真題-虛擬語氣六級08-6-83Mary couldnt have received my letter,_.（否則她上周就該回信了）。語法：虛擬 3含蓄條件句 otherwise=與過去相反。詞匯：回信21六級最新真題：虛擬語氣2008年12月20日的六級考試第84題 I dont think it advisable t

9、hat parents deprive their children of freedom （剝奪孩子們的自由）to spend their spare time as they wish.語法：虛擬 1b) 形容詞advisable引導(dǎo)的虛擬詞匯：剝奪22倒裝倒裝分為： 完全倒裝&部分倒裝在完全倒裝（不做考點(diǎn)）中，動詞完全提前地點(diǎn)狀語提前 Hawaii School Motto當(dāng)句首為副詞 out ，in ，up ，down ，off ，here ，there 等，如：In came the doctor. 某些表示祝愿的句子也可用完全倒裝（或部分倒裝）。如：Long live the Ch

10、inese Communist Party of China！（萬歲）May the force be with you! （電影）23部分倒裝句首為否定或半否定的詞語，如never,seldom,little,scarcely, hardly, not only but also. （前倒后不倒） no sooner than, hardly/scarcely when （前倒后不倒；前過完，后過） not until （前不倒后倒；前過完，后過）注：hardly/scarcely/no sooner had I when/than I became excited. 比較：not unti

11、l I had did I became excited.Only在句首 寫作經(jīng)典句子：Only in this way can we solve this problem and build up an orderly and harmonious society. 24倒裝真題四級大綱樣題88Not only _(他向我收費(fèi)過高)，but he didnt do a good repair job either. 語法：部分倒裝1.否定詞提前，助動詞提前。Not only前倒，but also后不倒。詞匯：要價(jià)。25倒裝真題四級08-6-9191._（直到他完成使命）did he real

12、ize that he was seriously ill.語法：部分倒裝1.否定詞提前中not until前不倒后倒；語法前過完后過。詞匯：使命。26四級08年12月91題91. The anti-virus agent was not known _ （直到一名醫(yī)生偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)了它）. 語法:如果not until不放句首則不倒裝,切記! 詞匯:“偶然” by accident/chance 或accidentally。 參考答案：until it was accidentally found/discovered by a doctor 27倒裝真題六級和虛擬語氣一樣，新題型中每次考試，倒裝

13、一題?？梢灶A(yù)計(jì)，這次考試的翻譯部分，虛擬語氣（含蓄條件）和倒裝（not until) 各一題。六級大綱樣題76 The customer complained that no sooner _(他剛試著使用這臺機(jī)器, 它就不運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)了). 語法：部分倒裝1.no sooner前倒，than后不倒；no sooner前過完，than后過。28倒裝真題六級六級06-12-新7676._ (直到截止日他才寄出)his application form. 竟然比四級簡單!語法：部分倒裝1.not until前不倒前過完；后倒后過去詞匯：截止日（due to Wednesday)29倒裝真題六級六級07-6

14、-8383.Only in the small town _ (他才感到安全和放松).語法：部分倒裝2. only句首，助動詞提前。詞匯：放松。30倒裝真題六級六級07-12-86The witness was told that under no circumstances _(他都不應(yīng)該對法庭說謊).語法：部分倒裝1.否定詞提前，助動詞提前。陷阱：中文翻譯部分出現(xiàn)“不”31倒裝真題六級六級08-6-85Never once _(老兩口互相爭吵) since they were married 40 years ago.語法：部分倒裝1. 否定詞提前，助動詞提前；since現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)詞匯:

15、 老兩口；爭吵。32各類從句定語從句主語從句狀語從句33四級08年12月87題 定語從句87. Medical researchers are painfully aware that there are many problems_（他們至今還沒有答案）. 解析：problems，因此顯然是個(gè)定語從句的考點(diǎn)，可以選擇that或which，核心動詞搭配是have answers to，另外“至今還”提醒我們句子是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 參考答案：which/that they havent found answers to 34四級08年12月88題 主語從句88. _ （大多數(shù)父母所關(guān)心的）is pr

16、oviding the best education possible for their children. 解析：很顯然本句缺主語，有兩種方法處理：主語從句或名詞短語，核心詞匯“關(guān)心”可以用concern或care about。 參考答案：What most parents care about / are concerned about或The concern of most parents 35四級08年12月89題 狀語從句89. Youd better take a sweater with you _（以防天氣變冷）. 解析：“以防”，“in case”或“l(fā)est” 如果用“i

17、n case”，后面的從句常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或should+動詞原型；如果是用lest，一般是用should+動詞原型。 參考答案：in case it turns/should turn cold或lest it should turn cold 36四六級真題中翻譯部分的詞匯詞組考點(diǎn)詞匯考點(diǎn)是針對六級大綱詞匯表中的核心詞匯的考查。比如說名詞與動詞搭配，形容詞與名詞搭配，、名詞與介詞搭配，更為重要的是常見的固定詞組以及固定表達(dá)。有趣的是：有些單詞和詞組在翻譯部分反復(fù)被考察，比如“方便”，“歸因于”，“本能”等等。37四六級考試中詞組的考點(diǎn)四級大綱樣題91By contrast, American

18、 mothers were more likely_ (把孩子的成功歸因于) natural talent. 詞組：attribute/ascribe to引申：六級詞綜書p80/51; p111/6538單詞“方便”四級07-6-91Please come here at ten tomorrow morning _(如果你方便的話).四級07-12-90I would prefer shopping online to shopping in a department store because _(它更方便和省時(shí)).39詞組“遵守”六級大綱樣題75The workmen think _(

19、遵守安全規(guī)則很重要).詞組：遵守 comply with; abide by;引申：六級詞綜書p112/6940詞組“nothing is er/more than”四級06-12-88Since my childhood I have found that _(沒有什么比讀書對我更有吸引力)六級07-12-83 In handling an embarrassing situation, _(沒有什么比幽默更有幫助的了).41詞組“ adapt (oneself) to ”四級06-12-87Specialists in intercultural studies say that it i

20、s not easy to_(適應(yīng)不同文化中的生活)六級大綱樣題73To our delight, she_ (進(jìn)大學(xué)一個(gè)月就適應(yīng)了校園生活).42詞組apply to/ apply for四級08-6-8787 Our efforts will pay off if the results of this research can be applied to the development of the new technology. （能應(yīng)用于新技術(shù)的開發(fā)）主要考察apply to用法，考生應(yīng)注意不要寫成apply for，這個(gè)是表示申請。43詞組 compared with/compar

21、ed to四級08-6-9090. Being compared with the place where I grew up,（與我成長的地方相比），this town is more prosperous and exciting.這道題首先考察分詞的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，注意主語this town與動詞的主被動關(guān)系，主動用現(xiàn)在分詞，被動用過去分詞；第二點(diǎn)需要注意的是“我成長的地方”考察的是定語從句，并且grew用過去時(shí)。44詞組 whatever/ no matter what 不管是什么四級08-6-8989. Leaving ones job, whatever job it is/ no

22、matter what job it is,（不管是什么工作）, is a difficult change even for those who look forward to retiring.當(dāng)引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)，whatever與no matter what可以互換。當(dāng)引導(dǎo)主語從句、賓語從句時(shí)，只能用wh-+ever, 如Whoever leaves the room ought to turn off the lights.這時(shí)不能用no matter+wh-。45比較四級07年12月的89題89. I am going to pursue this course, _(無論我要作出

23、什么樣的犧牲).no matter what sacrifice I am going to make/ whatever sacrifice I will make46單詞“本能”和詞組“依靠“2007年12月的六級考試85題 Human behavior is mostly a product of learning, _(而動物的行為主要依靠本能).本題的考點(diǎn)為behavior, depend on/upon, instinct等基礎(chǔ)詞匯和固定詞組的基本用法。47單詞“本能”和詞組“依靠“巧合的是, 這里的“依賴、依靠”在緊接的后一次2008年的6月的六級考試的第86題又出現(xiàn)了：_（一個(gè)

24、國家未來的繁榮在很大程度上有賴于）the quality of education of its people.48單詞“本能”2007年的12月六級考試的第85題Human behavior is mostly a product of learning, while animal behavior depends mainly upon their instincts (而動物的行為主要依靠本能). 2008年12月20日的六級考試第83題 It was very dark, but Mary seemed to know which way to take by instinct.（本能

25、地知道該走哪條路）49本能-本能地; 偶然-偶然地Instinct- instinctively; by instinctAccident-accidentally; by accident四級08年12月91題:91. The anti-virus agent was not known （直到一名醫(yī)生偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)了它）參考答案：until it was accidentally found/discovered by a doctor 50詞組“剝奪”；語法“虛擬語氣第一種” 2007年6月的六級考試的第84題 It is absolutely unfair that these childr

26、en be deprived of the right to receive education(被剝奪了受教育的權(quán)利).2008年12月20日的六級考試第84題 I dont think it advisable that parents deprive their children of freedom （剝奪孩子們的自由）to spend their spare time as they wish.51非謂語動詞1 to do vs. to + doingSpend time/money in doing; have troubles in doing sth. 52accuse sb.

27、 of doing sth. object to; contribute to; attribute to53prefer A to B; preferable to sth. prior to; posterior to; superior to, inferior to; junior to; senior to 54adapt to; adapt oneself to sth. entitle sb. to sth. ; access to sth.55非謂語動詞doing vs. done - 主動分詞和被動分詞56基礎(chǔ)語法單復(fù)數(shù)問題單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 必須有冠詞或者復(fù)數(shù)冠詞 a vs th

28、eTheres a Mary waiting for you outside.The Mary who is pretty is waiting for you outside.57Computer, compete, completeCombine common, commentConnect, content, consent, content58Put in inputAmbition ancientImprison, innocent relief, grief, brief, believe, conceive, perceive59www. shnosbbs. com句型固定搭配E

29、ither or; Neither norNo sooner than; Hardly whenNot only but also60Not that, but thatThe more , the more rather than in case (that) 61Warm-upSpecialists in intercultural studies says that it is not easy to _(適應(yīng)不同文化中的生活）。adapt oneself to the life in different cultures.62The victim _(本來有機(jī)會活下來）if he ha

30、d been taken to hospital in time.could have a chance to survive/ could have survived63Some psychologists claim that people _(出門在外時(shí)可能會感到孤獨(dú)）.who are not home/ traveling out/ out of their hometown may feel lonely. 64（為了掙錢供我上學(xué)）,mother is working more than is good for her.In order to make money to send m

31、e to school/ finance my education65Warm-upThe nations population continues to rise _(以每年1200萬人的速度）.at the speed of 12 million per year. 66The professor required that_(我們交研究報(bào)告） by Wednesday.we hand in/ turn in/ submit a/the research report (s).67Not only_(他向我收費(fèi)太高）， but he didnt do a good repair job e

32、ither. did he charge me to much68Even number 10 11 odd number Were I you, ; Had he finished the job, 69總結(jié)：倒裝否定前置引起倒裝；表語前置引起倒裝; 虛擬語氣引起倒裝70The more you explain, _(我愈糊涂）.the more confused I am.71Since my childhood I have found that _(沒有什么比讀書對我更有吸引力）.Nothing is er /more than nothing is more attractive t

33、o me than reading 72Sing dance pay have dinner/a cup of teaHis body is very healthy. He is physically/mentally healthy.He is no longer dangerous.7372 If you had _( 聽從了我的忠告，你就不會陷入麻煩）. followed my advice, you would not have been in trouble (put yourself into trouble)7473 With tears on her face, the la

34、dy_(看著她受傷的兒子被送進(jìn)手術(shù)室）.watched her injured son being sent into the surgery 7574 After the terrorist attack, tourists _(被勸告暫時(shí)不要去該國旅游）.were/ have been suggested not to go to that country for now/ for the moment76It being Sunday, the library is closed.Knowing that he was sick, the teacher didnt blame him

35、for being late7775 I prefer to communicate with my customers _(通過寫電子郵件而不是打電話）.via/through/with emails instead of / rather than phone calls7876 _(直到截止日期他才寄出） his application form.It was not until the deadline did he79錯(cuò)誤類型第一類 必須掌握的1 主謂一致 they do (are) it/he - does (is)802 名詞問題 A. 冠詞和復(fù)數(shù) B. a 和the C. 復(fù)數(shù)

36、D. 可數(shù)和不可數(shù)81錯(cuò)誤類型第一類 必須掌握的3 代詞一致He hated failure, he has conquered it all his life, has risen above it, and despise it of the others. it; they4 時(shí)態(tài)一致82錯(cuò)誤類型第二類 盡量改出來5 固定搭配More than; one another/the otherNo sooner than; hardly when; either or, neither nor836 非謂語動詞 doing vs. done; to do vs. doing7 定語從句 wh

37、at (the thing that), which, that848 形容詞和副詞形容詞和名詞的混淆；形容詞和副詞混淆原級、比較級和最高級混淆85錯(cuò)誤類型9 平行結(jié)構(gòu) and/or 10 熟悉的詞組 even- even though/if; as- as though/if; used to do- be/get used to doing8611 反義詞 no; left/right, right/wrong; direct/ indirect; successful/ unsuccessful 12 關(guān)聯(lián)詞87完形填空語法考點(diǎn)：定語從句It is thatPrep. + ?, ?What 從句 what = the thing that88連接詞和關(guān)聯(lián)詞Since；AsWhile, although, thou