2014年中考英語總復(fù)習(xí)：語法專題非謂語動詞

1、專題 非謂語動詞非謂語動詞包括動名詞、分詞和不定式，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，但可以有自己的賓語和狀語，也可以和助動詞結(jié)合構(gòu)成進(jìn)行時、完成時和被動語態(tài)?？键c(diǎn)一 不定式1不定式的基本形式是“to動詞原形”，它具有動詞的特點(diǎn)，即可以有自己的賓語和狀語，但它沒有人稱與數(shù)的變化，在句中也不能作謂語，動詞不定式和自己的賓語或狀語構(gòu)成不定式短語。My father asked me not to read in bed.我爸爸告訴我不要在床上讀書。2不定式的句法作用動詞不定式具有名詞、形容詞和副詞的作用，它可以作主語、賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、定語和狀語等。 (1)作主語動詞不定式作主語時，常用it作形式主語，而將真正

2、的主語放在句末，Itbe形容詞(for sb.)動詞不定式。Its important (for us) to protect the environment.(對我們來說)保護(hù)環(huán)境是很重要的。注：當(dāng)在kind，good，nice，clever等表示人的品質(zhì)的形容詞后，不用for而用of。Its very kind of you to help me.你幫助我真是太好啦。 (2)作賓語一些謂語動詞后只能用不定式作賓語，常見的這類詞表示命令、打算或希望，如would like，want，wish，hope，decide，plan，expect等。Would you like to see a f

3、ilm this evening?你今晚想去看電影嗎？在find，think后跟不定式作賓語時，常用it代替，而將真正的賓語放在句末。I find it easy to read English every day.我發(fā)現(xiàn)每天讀英語很容易。(3)賓語補(bǔ)足語動詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)時，與賓語有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。Lucy asked him to turn down the radio.露西要他關(guān)小收音機(jī)的音量。 (4)作定語動詞不定式作定語時，應(yīng)放在名詞之后，它與名詞有邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系。I have a lot of homework to do.我有許多家庭作業(yè)要做。 (5)作狀語Mrs Wang w

4、ent to Shanghai to see her daughter.(目的)王太太去上?？此畠?。Were glad to meet you here. (原因)我們很高興在這兒見到你。He is too tired to work on.(結(jié)果)他太累了而不能繼續(xù)工作?？键c(diǎn)二 動名詞動名詞由“動詞原形ing”構(gòu)成，與現(xiàn)在分詞同形。動名詞既有動詞的性質(zhì)，也有名詞的性質(zhì)，在句中可作主語、賓語、表語、定語和狀語等。1作主語Eating too much is bad for your health.吃得太多對身體健康有害。注：動名詞和動詞不定式作主語，在許多情況下可以通用，但動名詞作主語多表示

5、抽象或多次的行為，不定式作主語往往表示具體的或一次性的動作。2作表語My mothers job is raising chicken.我母親的工作是養(yǎng)雞。3作賓語I dont mind listening to that story again.我不介意再聽一遍那個故事。4作定語Lets join the singing group.讓我們加入合唱隊吧。5其后常接動名詞的動詞及動詞詞組有finish，enjoy，practice，understand，mind，keep，consider，miss，avoid(避免)，suggest，admit，be worth，have difficult

6、y/problems/trouble/fun，waste time，cant help/cant stop，be used to(習(xí)慣于)等。其后既可以接動名詞，也可接動詞不定式的動詞有l(wèi)ove，like，prefer，begin，start，continue，remember，try，stop，forget，hate，need，allow，go on等。介詞后接動名詞的動詞短語有keep.from，stop.from，make a contribution to，look forward to，spend.(in)，be afraid of，be proud of，be used for，f

7、eel like，give up，be interested in，put off等。6當(dāng)need，require，want作“需要”解時，后加動名詞主動式等于不定式的被動式。The window needs cleaning.The window needs to be cleaned.那扇窗戶需要被清洗。7不定式是不及物動詞時，作定語不能省去介詞。Weihai is a good place to live in.威海是一個居住的好地方。考點(diǎn)三 分詞1.分詞的構(gòu)成分詞分為現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞兩種?，F(xiàn)在分詞由“動詞ing”構(gòu)成。過去分詞的基本形式是“動詞ed”，但也有不規(guī)則的形式。2分詞的句法

8、功能 功能 例句 說明 定語Do you know the girl standing under the tree?你認(rèn)識站在樹下面的那個女孩嗎？China is a developing country.中國是一個發(fā)展中國家。分詞作定語，其邏輯主語就是它所修飾的詞。 狀語The students went out of the classroom，talking and laughing.學(xué)生們談笑著走出了教室。分詞的邏輯主語是句子的主句主語。 功能 例句 說明 表語The boy is too frightened to move.這個男孩太害怕了以至于不能動了。現(xiàn)在分詞表示主語的性質(zhì)、

9、特征；過去分詞表示某種狀態(tài)。 補(bǔ)足語Dont keep us waiting for a long time.不要讓我們等得太久。I heard him singing in the classroom.我聽到他正在教室里唱歌呢。Hell have his hair cut after school.放學(xué)后他要去理發(fā)?，F(xiàn)在分詞作補(bǔ)足語，被補(bǔ)足的賓語或主語是它的邏輯主語(即主動關(guān)系)；過去分詞作補(bǔ)足語，被補(bǔ)足的賓語或主語是它的邏輯賓語(即被動關(guān)系)。注：現(xiàn)在分詞表示“令人的”，主語一般是物；過去分詞表示“感到的”，主語一般是人。He is surprised to hear the news.他

10、聽到那個消息感到很吃驚。The news is surprising.那個消息令人吃驚。 (2)現(xiàn)在分詞和動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的區(qū)別。常見的動詞如see，watch，notice，hear，feel，have等，它們接不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)，表示已經(jīng)完成了的或經(jīng)常性的動作；接現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)，表示動作正在進(jìn)行著。I heard him singing in the classroom.我聽到他正在教室里唱歌。(“唱”這個動作正在進(jìn)行)I heard him sing in the classroom.我聽到他在教室里唱歌了。(“唱”這個動作已結(jié)束) (3)現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的區(qū)別。在語態(tài)上，現(xiàn)

11、在分詞表示主動意義，過去分詞表示被動意義。the surprising news令人驚訝的消息a surprised man 一個受驚嚇的人在時間上，現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進(jìn)行的動作，過去分詞表示已經(jīng)完成的動作。the developing country 發(fā)展中國家the developed country發(fā)達(dá)國家 (4)易混句式have sb.do sth.，have sb.doing sth.和have sth.done的區(qū)別。have sb.do sth.意為“讓某人做某事”，have可以用let，make代替。不定式往往表示一次性的具體動作，且強(qiáng)調(diào)動作已經(jīng)完成或尚未發(fā)生。The soldi

12、ers had the boy stand with his back to his father.士兵們讓這個男孩背對他的父親站著。have sb.doing sth.意為“讓某人做某事”，have可以用keep代替，現(xiàn)在分詞(doing)這個動作往往具有持續(xù)進(jìn)行的含義。The two men had the boy running all night long.那兩個人讓這個男孩跑了一夜。have sth. done意為“讓某人做某事”，即ask sb.else to do sth.。過去分詞(done)這個動作由他人(即非主語本身)來完成，含有被動意義且強(qiáng)調(diào)動作已經(jīng)完成。The driv

13、er had his car washed once a week.那位司機(jī)每周叫人洗一次車?？键c(diǎn)訓(xùn)練一、單項選擇(40分)1(2013大慶)Why do we eat vegetables every day, Mum?_ healthy, my dear.ATo keep BKeep CKeeping DKept解析：考查非謂語動詞。由語境可知，“多吃蔬菜”的目的是“保持健康”。動詞不定式作目的狀語，符合語境。故選A。答案：A2Try to sing more English songs，and you will find it interesting _a foreign languag

14、e.Alearning Blearns Clearn Dto learn解析：考查動詞不定式的用法。find itadj.to do sth.“發(fā)現(xiàn)做某事怎么樣”是一種固定句式，故選D。答案：D3. (2013青島)Excuse me. Could you please tell me_ my car?Sure. Park it right here. Ill help you.Ahow to stop Bwhere to parkCwhere to stop Dwhen to park解析：考查“疑問詞不定式”的用法。park“停放車輛”；stop“停止，阻止”。根據(jù)答語句意可知是詢問哪里可

15、以停車。故選B項。答案：B4(2013宜賓)Would you mind_ in the dining hall?Of course not.Anot to smoke Bnot smokingCsmoke Dnot smoke解析：考查非謂語動詞。mind doing sth.“介意做某事”，其否定形式是在doing前加not。答案：B5. (2013上海)The retired couple enjoy_ photos. They always go out with their cameras.Atake Btook Cto take Dtaking解析：考查固定搭配。enjoy doi

16、ng sth.“喜歡做某事”。故選D。答案：D6. Mr. Li asks the students _ in the river, because its too dangerous.Aswim Bto swimCnot to swim Dto not swim解析：考查動詞不定式的否定形式。根據(jù)下文“its too dangerous”可知，此處用動詞不定式的否定形式。ask sb. not to do sth.“要求某人不要做某事”。故選C。答案：C7(2013濟(jì)南)It was time for class. Mr. King asked all the children_ down

17、quietly.Asit Bsat Cto sit Dsitting解析：考查非謂語動詞。ask sb. to do sth.“讓某人做某事”。答案：C8At last the boy was made _and began to laugh.Astop crying Bto stop to cryCto stop crying Dstop to cry解析：make sb.do sth.“讓某人做某事”，后跟省略to的不定式，但使役動詞make變?yōu)楸粍邮綍r，后面省略的to要補(bǔ)充出來；stop doing sth.“停止做某事”；stop to do sth.“停下來去做某事”。由題意知選C。

18、答案：C9. (2013衢州)Many children are left alone in the countryside. Lets try our best_ them.Ahelp Bhelping Cto help Dhelps解析：考查非謂語動詞。try ones best to do sth.“盡力去做某事”。答案：C10The new treatments _by Norman Bethune helped a number of soldiers.Ainvent Binvents Cinventing Dinvented解析：由句意可知用過去分詞短語invented by No

19、rman Bethune作后置定語修飾名詞treatments。故選D。答案：D11(2013濱州) Would you like_ camping with me?Id like to. But Im busy_ my homework.Ato go; to do Bto go; doingCgoing; to do Dgoing; doing解析：考查非謂語動詞。would like to do sth.“想要做某事”；be busy doing sth.“忙于做某事”。故選B。答案：B12Whenever you have a chance _English，you should tak

20、e it.Aspeak Bto speak Cspoke Dspeaks解析：考查動詞不定式。由句意“無論什么時候你有一個說英語的機(jī)會，你都應(yīng)該抓住它”可知用不定式短語作后置定語。答案：B13Its a fine day today. How about _？Sounds great!Ago hiking Bgo to hikeCgoing hiking Dto go to hike解析：How about.？意為“怎么樣？”about是介詞，后接動詞時用動名詞形式，故排除A、B、D三項。go hiking“去徒步旅行”。答案：C14Stop _ about the traffic. Just

21、 think about what we can do to improve it.Acomplain Bto complainCcomplaining Dcomplained解析：考查非謂語動詞。stop to do sth.“停止正在做的事去做別的事”；stop doing sth.“停止正在做的事”。根據(jù)“Just think about what we can do to improve it.”可知，這里是指停止抱怨，抱怨是正在做的事情，故選C。答案：C15. _ a book in the library, enter a key word into the computer.AT

22、o find BFind CTo write DWrite解析：考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，前后兩句間無連詞，應(yīng)用非謂語動詞，排除B、D兩項。句意為“如果你想在圖書館找到某本書，在電腦上輸入關(guān)鍵字就能找到”。故選A。答案：A16(2013蘇州)Paul made a nice cage _the little sick bird till it could fly.Akeep Bkept Ckeeping Dto keep解析：動詞不定式在此作目的狀語。故選D。答案：D17You had better _because you have to drive back home.Anot d

23、rinking Bnot drinkCdont drink Dnot to drink解析：had better do sth.“最好做某事”，用于給對方提建議，do為不帶to的不定式；had better的否定形式一般將not加在better之后，即had better not do sth.。答案：B18Why dont you go out to play, Rose?Im afraid I cant. I have much homework _.Ado Bdoes Cdoing Dto do解析：考查動詞不定式。在這里應(yīng)用動詞不定式作定語。故選D。答案：D19(2013泰安)Why

24、is Linlin practicing speaking English?_ abroad for further study.AGo BGone CTo go DGoes解析：考查非謂語動詞。動詞不定式在此處作目的狀語。答案：C20The doctor did what he could _ the girl who was badly hurt in the accident.Asave Bsaving Cto save Dsaves解析：考查非謂語動詞。根據(jù)句意“為了拯救在事故中受重傷的女孩，醫(yī)生做了他能夠做的”可知，此處為動詞不定式作目的狀語，故選C。答案：C21Danny did

25、all kinds of things to make his sister _.Ato stop crying Bstop cryingCto stop to cry Dstop to cry解析：make后面跟不帶to 的動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。stop doing sth.“停止做某事”；stop to do sth.“停下來去做某事”，由句意知選B。答案：B22(2013嘉興)Im new here.Dont worry. Ill do what I can_ you.Ahelp B to help Cinvite Dto invite解析：考查動詞辨析和非謂語動詞的用法。由語境可知，

26、此處表示“我將盡我最大的努力來幫助你”。help“幫助”；invite“邀請”。此處用動詞不定式表示目的。故選B。答案：B23You need to take notes at the meeting so make sure _ a pen and some paper with you.Abring Bbringing Cto bring Dnot bring解析：考查動詞不定式。make sure to do sth.為固定搭配，意為“確保做某事”。故選C。答案：C24(2013雅安)Can you finish_ these books before 10 oclock?Yes, I

27、can.Ato read Bread Creads Dreading解析：考查固定結(jié)構(gòu)。finish后面要接名詞或動名詞作賓語，故選D。答案：D25How about going shopping this weekend, Peter?Sorry.I prefer_ rather than_.Ato stay at home; go outBto go out; stay at homeCstaying at home; go outDgoing out; stay at home解析：prefer to do rather than do意為“寧愿而不愿”。故選A。答案：A26. (201

28、3上海)Even Tonys granddaughter, a fiveyearold girl, asked him_ smoking.Agive up Bgave upCto give up Dgiving up解析：考查固定搭配。ask sb.to do sth.“要求某人做某事”。故選C。答案：C27(2013 廣州)I always tell my students_ on the road because its really dangerous.Anot to play Bto play notCnot playing Dnot play解析：考查非謂語動詞。不定式作tell 的

29、賓語補(bǔ)足語，構(gòu)成tell sb.to do sth.結(jié)構(gòu)。對不定式進(jìn)行否定在to前加not，即tell sb. not to do sth.。故選A。答案：A28(2013十堰)How kind you are! You always do what you can_ others.Ahelp Bhelping Chelps Dto help解析：動詞不定式表目的。答案：D29(2013重慶)He lost his key. It made him_ in the cold to wait for his wifes return.Ato stay Bstayed Cstays Dstay解析

30、：考查固定搭配。make sb. do sth.為固定搭配，意為“讓某人做某事”。故選D。答案：D30Xiao Li said she would rather_ join us.Adid not Bto notCnot Dnot to解析：考查would rather not do sth.的用法。答案：C31(2013烏魯木齊)Why not_ your teacher for help when you cant finish_ the story by yourself.Ato ask; write Bto ask; writingCask; writing Dasking; to w

31、rite解析：考查非謂語動詞。Why not do sth.？“為什么不？”表示提建議；finish doing sth.“完成做某事”。故選C。答案：C32Im very tired these days because of studying for physics.Why not_ music? It can make you_.Alisten to; relaxing Bto listen to; to relaxClistening to; relax Dlisten to; relax解析：考查why not do sth.和make sb.do sth.結(jié)構(gòu)。答案：D33(2013 福州)Nick, would you mind_ out of the bathroom?Sorry. I wont be long.Acome Bto come Ccoming解析：考查非謂語動詞。mind doing sth.“介意做某事”，根據(jù)句意“Nick，你介意從浴室里面出來嗎”，故選C。答案：C34Please dont forget_ the room while I am away in Beijing.Aclean Bto clean Ccleaned D