2023年高考英語復(fù)習(xí)講練測第14講 閱讀理解詞義猜測題（測）（全國通用原卷版）

1、2023年高考英語復(fù)習(xí)講練測第14講閱讀理解詞義精調(diào)題（蒲）時(shí)間：45分鐘總分值：50分閱讀理解（每題2分，共50分）A（2017全國高考真題）Julie boergers, Ph. D a sleep expert from the Bradley Hasbro Childrens Research Center, recently led a study connecting later school start times to improved sleep and mood in teens.Sleep deprivation is common among teenagers, wi

2、th potentially serious impacts on mental and physical health, safety and learning.Early high school start times contribute to this problem, said Boergers.In this study, we looked at whether a delay in school start time would change students sleep patterns, sleepiness, mood and caffeine（咖啡因）use.”Beor

3、gers team conducted the School Sleep Habits sun ey among boarding students attending an independent high school both before and after their school start time was experimentally delayed from 8 （o 8:25 a.in.during the winter term.The delay in school start time led to a significant increase （29 minutes

4、）in sleep duration on school nights, with the percentage of students receiving eight or more hours of sleep on a school night jumping from 18 to 44 percent The research found that younger students and those sleeping less at the start of the study were most likely to benefit from the timetable change

5、.Daylime sleepiness, low mood and caffeine use were all significantly reduced after the delay in school start time.The later school start time had no effect on the number of hours students spent doing homework, playing sports or taking part in activities outside class. And once the earlier start tim

6、e changed back during the spring term, teens re verted（恢復(fù)）back to their original levels.Beorgers said that these findings are important for public policy.The result of this study add to a growing body of research showing important health benefits of later school start times for adolescents, she said

7、, and we have students who are more alert（機(jī)敏的）,happier, belter prepared to learn, and arent dependent on caffeine and energy drinks just to stay awake in class.What does the underlined phrase this problem in Paragraph 2 refer to?Lack of sleep.Mental health.Students safety.Taking energy drinks.What h

8、appened when school start time was delayed?Students had less time playing sports.Young students became sleepier.More students slept longer.Students got a bad mood.Why is the study of later school start time importantIl helps form good habits.It relates to what students learn.It increases students le

9、arning interest.It may have an effect on a public policy.Where can we possibly read this type of article ?A science journal.A history book.A fashion magazine.A school yearbook.B（2013四川高考真題）Fear may be felt in the heart as well as in the head, according to a study that has found a link between the cy

10、cles of a beating heart and the chance of someone feeling fear.Tests on healthy volunteers found that they were more likely to feel a sense of fear al （he moment when （heir hearts arc contracting（收縮）and pumping blood around their bodies, compared with the point when the heartbeat is relaxed. Scienti

11、sts say the results suggest that the heart is able to influence how the brain responds to a fearful event, depending on which point it is at in its regular cycle of contraction and relaxation.Sarah Garfinkel at the Brighton and Sussex Medical School said: Our Study shows for the first time that the

12、way in which we deal with fear is different depending on when we see fearful pictures in relation to our heart. The study tested 20 healthy volunteers on their reactions to fear as they were shown pictures of fearful faces. Dr Garfinkel said, “The study showed that fearful faces are better noticed w

13、hen the heart is pumping than when it is relaxed. Thus our hearts can also affect what we see and what we donH see and guide whether we see fbar.” lb further understand this relationship, the scientists also used a brain scanner（掃描彳文）to show how the brain influences the way the heart changes a perso

14、ns feeling of fear.“We have found an important mechanism by which the heart and brain speak lo each other to change our feelings and reduce fcar,n Dr Garfinkel said.“We hope thal by increasing our understanding about how fear is dealt with and ways that it could be reduced, we may be able to develop

15、 more successful treatments for anxiety disorders, and also for those who may be suffering from serious stress disorder.”What is the finding of the study? A. Ones heart a fleets how he feels fear.Fear is a result of ones relaxed heartbeat.Fear has something to do with ones health.Ones fast heartbeat

16、s are likely lo cause fear.The study was carried out by analyzing .volunteers heartbeats when they saw terrible picturesthe time volunteers saw fearful pictures and their health conditionsvolunteers reactions to horrible pictures and data from their brain scansdifferent pictures shown to volunteers

17、and their heart一brain communicationWhich of the following is closest in meaning to mechanism“ in Paragraph 6?A. Order.B. System.C. Machine.D. Treatment.This study may contribute to .treating anxiety and stress belter.explaining the cycle of fear and anxietyfinding the key to the heart-brain communic

18、ationunderstanding different fears in our hearts and headsC（2013山東高考真題）Sparrow is a fast-food chain with 200 restaurants. Some years ago, the group to which Sparrow belonged was taken over by another company. Although Sparrow showed no sign of declining, the chain was generally in an unhealthy state

19、. With more and more fast-food concepts reaching the market, the Sparrow menu had to struggle fbr attention. And to make matters worse, its new owner had no plans to give it the funds it required.Sparrow failed to grow for another two years. Until a new CEO, Carl Pearson, decided to build up its mar

20、ket share. He did a survey, which showed that consumers who already used Sparrow restaurants were extremely positive about the chain, while customers of other fast-food chains were unwilling to turn away from them. Sparrow had （o develop a new promotional campaign.Pearson faced a battle over the fii

21、turc of the Sparrow brand. The chains owner now favored rebranding Sparrow as Marcys restaurants. Pearson resisted, arguing fbr an advertising campaign designed to convince customers that visits to Sparrow restaurants were fun. Such an attempt to establish a positive relationship between a company a

22、nd the general public was unusual for that time. Pearson strongly believed that numbers were the key to success, rather than customers speeding power. Finally, the owner accepted his idea.The campaign itself changed the traditional advertising style of the fast-food industry. The TV ads of Sparrow f

23、ocused on entertainment and featured original songs performed by a variety of stars, instead of showing the superiority of a specific product, the intention was to put Sparrow in the hearts of potential customers.Pearson also made other decisions which he believed would contribute to the new Sparrow

24、 image. For example, he offered to lower the rent of any restaurants which achieved a certain increase in their turnover （營業(yè) 額）.These efforts paid off, and Sparrow soon became one of the most successful fast-food chains in the regions where it operated.Which was one of the problems Sparrow faced bef

25、ore Pearson became CEO?The number of its customers was decliningIts customers found the food unhealthyIt was in need of financial supportMost of its restaurants were closedWhat docs the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 2 refer to?A. Customers of Sparrow restaurantsB. Sparrow restaurantsC. Custome

26、rs of other fast-food chains D. other fast-food chainsFor what purpose did Pearson start the advertising campaign?To build a good relationship with the publicTo stress the unusual tradition of Sparrow C. To lean about customers spending power. D. To meet the challenge from Marcys restaurants. 12. Th

27、e TV ads of Sparrow.changed peoples views on pop starsamused the public with original songsfocused on the superiority of its productsinfluenced the eating habits of the audienceWhat was Pearsons achievement as a CEO?A. He managed to pay off Sparrows debts.He made Sparrow much more competitiveHe help

28、ed Sparrow lake over a companyHe improved the welfare of Sparrow employeesD（2015全國高考真題）My color television has given me nothing but a headache. I was able to buy it a little over a year ago because I had my relatives give me money for my birthday instead of a lot of clothes that wouldnt fit. I let a

29、 salesclerk fool me into buying a discontinued model. I realized this a day later, when I saw newspaper advertisements for the set at seventy-five dollars less than I had paid. The set worked so beautifully when I first got it home that I would keep it on until stations signed off fbr the night. For

30、tunately, I didnt got any channels showing all-night movies or I would never have gotten to bed.Then I started developing a problem with the set that involved static （靜電）noise. For some reason, when certain shows switched into a commercial, a loud noise would sound for a few seconds. Gradually, this

31、 noise began to appear during a show, and to get rid of it. I had to change to another channel and then change it back. Sometimes this technique would not work, and I had to pick up the set and shake it to remove the sound. I actually began to build up my arm muscles （肌肉）shaking my set.When neither

32、of these methods removed the static noise, I would sit helplessly and wait for the noise to go away. At last I ended up hitting the set with my fist, and it stopped working altogether. My trip lo the repair shop cost me $62, and the set is working well now, but I keep expecting more trouble.Why did

33、the author say he was fooled into buying the TV set?He got an older model than he had expected.He couldnt return it when it was broken.He could have bought it at a lower price.He failed to find any movie shows on it.Which of the following can best replace the phrase “signed off in Paragraph 1?A. end

34、ed all their programsB. provided fewer channelsC. changed to commercialsD. showed all-night moviesHow did the author finally get his TV set working again?A.By shakingand hitting it.B.By turningitonand off.C.By switchingchannels.D.By havingitrepaired.How does the author sound when telling the story?A

35、.CuriousB.AnxiousC.CautiousD.HumorousE(2020海南高考真題)The end of the school year was in sight and spirits were high. I was back teaching after an absence of 15 years, dealing with the various kinds of forbidden fruit that come out of book bags. Now was the spring of the water pistol.I decided to think u

36、p a method of dealing with forbidden fruit.Please bring that pistol to me, I said. Im going to put it in my Grandmas Box.Whats that? they asked.Ils a large wooden chest full of toys for my grandchildren, I replied,You dont have grandchildren, someone said.I dont now. I replied. But someday I will. W

37、hen I do, my box will be full of wonderful things for them.My imaginary Grandmas Box worked like magic that spring, and later. Sometimes, students would ask me to describe all the things I had in it. Then I would try to remember the different possessions I supposedly had taken awaysince I seldom act

38、ually kept them. Usually the offender would appear at the end of the day, and I would return the belonging.The-years went by, and my first grandchild Gordon was born. I shared my joy with that years class. Then someone said, Now you can use your Grandmas Box. From then on instead of coming to ask th

39、eir possessions back, the students would say, Thats okay. Put it in your Grandmas Box for Gordon.I loved talking about the imaginary box, not only with my students but also with my own children. They enjoyed hearing about all the forbidden fruit I had collected. Then one Christmas I received a surpr

40、ise gifta large, beautifully made wooden chest. My son Bruce had made my Grandmas Box a reality.What was (he authors purpose in having (he conversation with the students?A. To collect the water pistol.B. To talk about her grandchildren.C. To recommend some toys.D. lb explain her teaching method.What

41、 do the underlined words the offender in paragraph 8 refer to?A.The student parent.B.The maker of the Grandmas Box.C.The authors grandchild.D.The owner of the forbidden fruit.What did the students do after they learned about the birth of Gordon?A.They went to play with (he baby.B.They asked to see (

42、he Grandmas Box.C.They made a present for Gordon.D.They stopped asking their toys back.What can we infer about the author?A. She enjoys telling jokes.B. She is a strict and smart teacher.C. She loves doing woodwork.D. She is a responsible grandmotherF（2020北京高考真題）Certain forms of AI are indeed becomi

43、ng ubiquitous. For example, algorithms （算法） carry out huge volumes of trading on our financial markets, self-driving cars arc appearing on city streets, and our smartphones are translating from one language into another. These systems are sometimes faster and more perceptive than wc humans arc. But

44、so far that is only true for the specific tasks for which the systems have been designed. That is something that some AI developers are now eager to change.Some of todays AI pioneers want to move on from todays world of “weak or “narrow” AI, to create “strong or fUH AI, or what is often called artif

45、icial general intelligence （AGI）. In some respects, todays powerful computing machines already make our brains look weak. A GI could, its advocates say, work for us around the clock, and drawing on all available data, could suggest solutions to many problems. DM, a company focused on the development

46、 of AGI, has an ambition to “solve intelligence”. “If were successful,their mission statement reads, “we believe this will be one of the most important and widely beneficial scientific advances ever made.”Since the early days of AI. imagination has outpaced what is possible or even probable. In 1965

47、, an imaginative mathematician called Irving Good predicted the eventual creation of an 44ultra-intelligenl machine. that can far surpass all the intellectual （智力的）activities of any man, however c lever.n Good went on to suggest that “the first ultra-intelligent tnachinc could be the last invention that man need ever mak