新概念英語(yǔ)第一冊(cè)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)之情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的使用

1、第 PAGE15 頁(yè) 共 NUMPAGES15 頁(yè)新概念英語(yǔ)第一冊(cè)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)之情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的使用新概念英語(yǔ)第一冊(cè)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)之情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的使用can, must, may, might, need情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can(可以)， must(必須)， may(可以)構(gòu)造：主語(yǔ)+can/must/may+動(dòng)詞原型He can make the tea.Sally can air the room.We can speak English.Can he make the tea?Can Sally air the room?Can we speak English?He cannot make the tea.Sa

2、lly cannot air the room.We cannot speak English.Yes, he can. No, he cannot.Yes, she can. No, she cannot.Yes, we can. No, we cannot.What can you do?(必背)注意：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的句子沒(méi)有第三人稱單數(shù)的變化，不要在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞后面加S。1)Must/have to的區(qū)別must 表示必須，是主觀上覺(jué)得應(yīng)該做，have to是不得不，是由于客觀條件逼迫的必要要做must 只能用在表示如今和將來(lái)的句子里，而have to do可以用在任何時(shí)態(tài)2)must, m

3、ay, might表示猜想：must do 表示對(duì)如今事實(shí)的猜想must have done表示對(duì)過(guò)去事實(shí)的猜想must have been doing 表示對(duì)過(guò)去正在進(jìn)展的事實(shí)的猜想may/might do, may/might have done表示沒(méi)有任何事實(shí)根據(jù)的猜想，might的可能性更小。cant/couldnt 表示不可能新概念第一冊(cè)語(yǔ)法講解：一般如今時(shí)1、含有be動(dòng)詞的句子He is a teacher.The girl is very beautiful.Tim and Jack are students.Is he a teacher?Is the girl very be

4、autiful?Are Tim and Jack students?He is not a teacher.The girl is not very beautiful.Tim and Jack are not students.Yes, he is. / No, he is not.Yes, she is. / No, she is not.Yes, they are. / No, they are not.2、不含有be動(dòng)詞的句子，即含有一般動(dòng)詞的句子。(1)第三人稱單數(shù)及單數(shù)名詞He likes books.She likes him.The dog likes bones.Does h

5、e like books?Does she like him?Does the dog like bones?He doesnt like books.She doesnt like him.The dog doesnt like bones.Yes, he does. / No, he doesnt.Yes, she does. / No, she doesntYes, it does. / No, it doesnt.注意：第三人稱單數(shù)形式一般在動(dòng)詞后面加S，不要和名詞復(fù)數(shù)混淆，變否認(rèn)句或疑問(wèn)句時(shí)名詞復(fù)數(shù)沒(méi)有任何變化。(2)其別人稱及復(fù)數(shù)名詞I want to have a bath.We

6、 have some meat.The students like smart teachers.Do you want to have a bath?Do we have any meat?Do the students like smart teachers?You dont want to have a bath.We dont have any meat.The students dont like smart teachers.Yes, I do. / No, I dont.Yes, we do. / No, we dontYes, they do. / No, they dont.

7、新概念第一冊(cè)語(yǔ)法講解：如今完成時(shí)如今完成時(shí)構(gòu)成：主語(yǔ)+助動(dòng)詞have, has+過(guò)去分詞用法：1) 表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的和如今有某種聯(lián)絡(luò)的動(dòng)作，常和just, usually, already, since等時(shí)間副詞連用。I have just had lunch. (飽了，不用再吃了。)He has had a cup of tea.(不渴了，不用再喝。)They have already had their holiday. (不能再度假了。)The boy has already read the book. (已經(jīng)知道書的內(nèi)容了，不用再看了。)2) 詢問(wèn)別人是否做過(guò)某事一般用如今完成時(shí)：Ha

8、ve you finished your homework?Have you been to Beijing?Have he seen the film?3) 表示開(kāi)場(chǎng)于過(guò)去并持續(xù)到如今的動(dòng)作I have lived in Beijing for twenty years.I have worked for this school for 1 year.4) 表示一種經(jīng)歷，經(jīng)歷：去過(guò)地方，做過(guò)事情，經(jīng)歷過(guò)事情I have never had a bath.I have never seen a film.I have never been to cinema.I have ever been

9、to Paris.Have been to表示去過(guò)，have gone to 表示去了I have been to London.(人已經(jīng)回來(lái))He has gone to London.(人還在那里)5) 表示一種結(jié)果， 一般不和時(shí)間副詞聯(lián)用I have lost my pen.I have hurt myself.He has bee a teacher.She has broken my heart.句型變化：Have you lost your pen? I have not lost my pen.Yes, I have. / No, I have not.What have you

10、 done?What has he done?一般過(guò)去時(shí)與如今完成時(shí)的區(qū)別：但凡有明確的表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的句子為過(guò)去時(shí)。注意：有些動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作有一個(gè)終點(diǎn)，不能再延續(xù)，因此不能和表示一段時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。錯(cuò)：Ive left Beijing for 3 days.對(duì)：I left Beijing 3 days ago. I have been away from being for 3 days.新概念英語(yǔ)第一冊(cè)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)：定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句1.理解定語(yǔ)從句的構(gòu)成，首先應(yīng)理解一些相關(guān)的根本概念。a.被修飾的名詞等成分通常叫做先行詞;b.連接先行詞和定語(yǔ)從句的詞為關(guān)系詞。2.定語(yǔ)從句由關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系

11、副詞和關(guān)系限定詞三類關(guān)系詞連接而成，這三種也將在定語(yǔ)從句講解中一一說(shuō)明。定語(yǔ)從句講解關(guān)系詞的詳細(xì)用法1.關(guān)系代詞 which，who，whom，that 和 as2.關(guān)系代詞，顧名思義，必有代替對(duì)象。上述五個(gè)關(guān)系代詞各有其詳細(xì)指代對(duì)象，在從句中作相應(yīng)的成分。此外，它們引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句和先行詞是形容詞與名詞的修飾關(guān)系。例句及翻譯例句1:Pumas are large，cat-like animals( that/which are found in America.)【譯文】美洲獅是體形似貓的大型動(dòng)物，產(chǎn)于美洲。【注解】關(guān)系代詞作從句主語(yǔ)，不可省略。例句2:The house (that/whic

12、h we built last year) is very attractive.【譯文】我們?nèi)ツ杲ㄔ斓姆孔雍苡懭讼矚g?！咀⒔狻筷P(guān)系代詞作從句賓語(yǔ)，可省略。例句3:The novel (with/which most of you are familiar) has been adapted for thescreen.【譯文】你們大多數(shù)都很熟悉的那部小說(shuō)已被改編搬上了熒屏?！咀⒔狻筷P(guān)系代詞直接置于介詞后作介詞賓語(yǔ)，此時(shí)不可被that交換，也不可省略。例句4:He was no longer the reckless young man( that/which he was two years

13、ago).【譯文】他不再是兩年前那個(gè)莽撞的小伙子了。【注解】關(guān)系代詞作從句表語(yǔ)，可省略;此外，先行詞the young man代表一種狀態(tài)，屬物的范疇，不能用who來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。例句5:Migrant workers(to whom much more attention has been paid) strongly desirethat their wages should be duly paid.【譯文】如今民工受到了社會(huì)更大的關(guān)注，他們強(qiáng)烈渴望自己的工資可以及時(shí)發(fā)放。【注解】關(guān)系代詞直接置于介詞后作介詞賓語(yǔ)，此時(shí)不可被who交換，也不可省略。例句6:Such acmodations

14、(as they could find) were generally expensive.【譯文】他們可以找到的這些住所費(fèi)用往往比擬昂貴?！咀⒔狻恐赃x擇關(guān)系代詞as引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，是因?yàn)榍懊嬗衧uch之故。例句7:Such inns(as there were in the mountains) were generally poor.【譯文】這些山區(qū)里的酒館條件往往比擬糟糕?！咀⒔狻恐赃x擇關(guān)系代詞as引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，是因?yàn)榍懊嬗衧uch之故。 例句8:This is the same mosquito(as bit you just now).【譯文】這只蚊子和剛剛咬你的那只是同一種蚊

15、子?！咀⒔狻恐赃x擇關(guān)系代詞as引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，是因?yàn)榍懊嬗衪he same之故。定語(yǔ)從句講解小結(jié)：(1)一般來(lái)講，which和that用來(lái)替代指物的先行詞，在定語(yǔ)從句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)(that不能作介詞后面的賓語(yǔ)who替代指人的先行詞，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)(但不能作介詞后面的賓語(yǔ)whom是who的賓格形式，替代指人的先行詞，在定語(yǔ)從句中只能作賓 語(yǔ);as作為關(guān)系代詞，只能用于一些特殊搭配(such. as/thesame. as)。(2)that既可指物也可指人，但在當(dāng)代英語(yǔ)中，多指物。(3)當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)時(shí)，經(jīng)?？墒÷?，但當(dāng)which，whom 緊跟在介

16、詞后那么不可省略。例如：Is that the man(with whom you are going to set up a law firm)?Is that the man(who/whom)(you are going to set up a law firm with)?只能用that的情形a.領(lǐng)先行詞為 all,much,anything, something, nothing,everything, little,none 等不定代詞，或先行詞被all，any，every等不定代詞修飾時(shí)，只能用that替代指物的先行詞。例如：Thata all(that I ask for).【

17、譯文】這就是我要的一切。Is there anything(that I can do for you) ?【譯文】我可以為您效勞嗎?Every tearo(that intends to participate in the contest) is to submit a feeof 2000.【譯文】每一個(gè)意欲參加比賽的隊(duì)伍都應(yīng)該繳納兩千元的費(fèi)用。b.先行詞被形容詞最髙級(jí)修飾，或被the only,the first,the last,the next,thevery等修飾時(shí)，只能用that替代指物的先行詞。例如： He eats the finest food(that is avail

18、able).【譯文】他吃的是所提供的最精巧的食物。The first case of bird flu( that was reported in Thailand) captured theattention of officials with WHO.【譯文】泰閏報(bào)道的例禽流感引起了世界衛(wèi)生組織官員們的注意。This is the very book(that I have been hunting for a long time).【譯文】這就是我長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)一直尋找的那本書。c.先行詞既包括人，又包括物時(shí)。例如：He is always talking brilliantly of the

19、 book and author(that interestedhim)【譯文】他對(duì)那本書及其作者很感興趣，總是興高采烈地議論著他們。 We were deeply impressed by the school and its teachers (that we hadvisited there).【譯文】我們?cè)L問(wèn)的學(xué)校和教師給我們留下了深入的印象。(5)只能用which的情形a.用于介詞之后(可參見(jiàn)A例句3)。b.用于非限制定語(yǔ)從句中。新概念英語(yǔ)第一冊(cè)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)：名詞性從句名詞性從句在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞性從句 (Noun Clauses)。 名詞性從句的功能相當(dāng)于名詞詞組，它在復(fù)

20、合句中能擔(dān)任主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)、介詞賓語(yǔ)等，因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語(yǔ)法功能，名詞性從句又可分別稱為主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句。分類引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類：連詞(5個(gè))：that (本身無(wú)意義。引導(dǎo)單一的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)that?？墒÷?，但引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)that通常不被省略)whether,if (均表示“是否”說(shuō)明從句內(nèi)容的不確定性)as if ,as though (均表示“好似”，“似乎”)以上在從句中均不充當(dāng)任何成分連接代詞(10個(gè))：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whomever, whose,whosever,wh