新視野大學(xué)英語第三版讀寫教程第四冊課后翻譯

1、第一單元一、英譯漢Aristotle was an ancient Greek philosopher and scientist.亞里士多德是古希臘的哲學(xué)家和科學(xué)家。His writings cover many subjects, including physics, biology, zoology, logic,ethics, poetry, theater, music, linguistics, politics and government, and constitute thefirst comprehensive system of Western philosophy.他的

2、作品涵蓋了許多學(xué)科， 包括物理學(xué)、 生物學(xué)、動物學(xué)、邏輯學(xué)、倫理學(xué)、詩歌、戲劇、音樂、語言學(xué)、政治和政府，構(gòu)成了第一個綜合的西方哲學(xué)體系。Aristotle was the first to classify areas of human knowledge into distinctdisciplines such as mathematics, biology, and ethics.亞里士多德是第一個將人類的知識領(lǐng)域劃分為不同學(xué)科的人， 如數(shù)學(xué)，生物學(xué)和倫理學(xué)。He believed all peoples concepts and all their knowledge were ul

3、timately basedon perception.他相信人所有的觀念和所有的知識在根本上都是基于感知能力。His views on natural sciences laid the groundwork for many of his works.他對自然科學(xué)的看法構(gòu)成了他許多作品的基礎(chǔ)。He contributed to almost every field of human knowledge in his era.他幾乎對他所處時期的每一個人類知識領(lǐng)域都作出了貢獻(xiàn)。More than 2,300 years after his death, Aristotle remains o

4、ne of the mostinfluential philosophers and scientists.他的哲學(xué)對所有的西方哲學(xué)理論的發(fā)展有著經(jīng)久不衰的影響。 在去世 2,300多年后，亞里士多德仍是最有影響力的哲學(xué)家和科學(xué)家之一。二、漢譯英中庸思想（ Doctrine of the Mean）是儒家思想的核心內(nèi)容?？鬃铀^的 中不是指折中，而是指在認(rèn)識和處理客觀事物時的一種 適度和恰如其分 的方法?？鬃又鲝埐粌H要把這種思想作為一種認(rèn)識和處理事物的方法來看待， 而且還應(yīng)該通過自身修養(yǎng)和鍛煉，把它融入自己的日常行為當(dāng)中，使之成為一種美德。中庸思想是儒家思想的核心， 也是中國傳統(tǒng)文化的重要組成

5、部分。 從它形成到現(xiàn)在，一直為民族精神的構(gòu)建、 民族智慧的傳播、 民族文化的發(fā)展發(fā)揮著不可估量的作用。The Doctrine of the Mean is the core of Confucianism. The so-called mean byConfucius doesnt mean compromise but a moderate and just-right way whenunderstanding and handling objective things. Confucius advocated that this thoughtshould not only be tr

6、eated as a way to understand and deal with things but also beintegrated into ones daily conduct to make it a virtue through self-cultivation andtraining. The Doctrine of the Mean is not only the core of Confucianism but also animportant component of traditional Chinese culture. From the time it came

7、 into beingto the present, it has played an invaluable role in the construction of national spirit,the transmission of national wisdom, and the development of national culture.第二單元二、英譯漢William Shakespeare is widely regarded as the greatest writer in the Englishlanguage and the worlds pre-eminent( 出的

8、) dramatist. His plays have beentranslated into a vast number of languages and are performed more often than those ofany other playwright. Shakespeares early works were mostly comedies and histories,which have the reputation of being among the finest masterpieces produced in thesegenres 體裁) even tod

9、ay. Later on, Shakespeare wrote mainly tragedies, some ofwhich, like Hamlet and King Lear, earned him fame in the entire Western literature.The most striking features of Shakespeare are his brilliant use of language and hisuniversal themes. He contributed thousands of words to English, many of which

10、 havebecome embedded in the language. His themes are so universal that they transcendgenerations to stir the imaginations of readers and audiences worldwide. Shakespearehas influenced and inspired many writers over the centuries. His writings remainhighly popular today, and they are constantly studi

11、ed, performed, and reinterpreted indiverse cultures throughout the world. Shakespeare will continue to have an enormousimpact on future playwrights, novelists, poets, actors, and scholars.人們普遍認(rèn)為，威廉 莎士比亞是最偉大的英語作家和世界杰出的戲劇家。他的劇本被譯成多種語言， 并且比其他任何劇作家的作品都上演得多。 莎士比亞的早期作品大多是喜劇和歷史劇。 即使在今天， 這些作品仍是同類作品中的杰作， 享有絕

12、佳聲望。后來莎士比亞的創(chuàng)作主要是悲劇，其中一些作品，如哈姆雷特和李爾王，為其在整個西方文學(xué)界贏得了聲譽(yù)。莎士比亞最顯著的特點(diǎn)是其精彩的語言運(yùn)用及具有普遍意義的主題。 他創(chuàng)造了數(shù)千個英語詞匯， 其中許多已經(jīng)深植于英語中。 他的作品主題具有普遍意義， 所以能夠數(shù)代流傳， 激發(fā)世界各地讀者和觀眾的想象力。 數(shù)世紀(jì)以來， 莎士比亞影響和激勵了許多作家。 其作品至今依舊廣受歡迎， 在世界各地的文化中被不斷地研究、 上演和詮釋。 莎士比亞將繼續(xù)對未來的劇作家、小說家、詩人、演員和學(xué)者產(chǎn)生巨大影響。二、漢譯英中國的四大名著是指三國演義（ Romance of the Three Kingdoms 、水滸傳（

13、Outlaws of the Marsh）、西游記（ Journey to the West 和紅樓夢（A Dream of Red Mansions）四部著名小說。它們的創(chuàng)作時間均處于元末明初至清代期間，其內(nèi)容反映了中國古代的政治和軍事斗爭、 社會矛盾、 文化信仰等各個方面。四大名著具有很高的藝術(shù)水平， 代表了中國古典小說的高峰。 書中的許多人物和場景在中國家喻戶曉， 并且已經(jīng)深深地影響了整個民族的思想觀念和價值取向。四本著作在中國古代民俗、 封建制度、社會生活等多個領(lǐng)域皆有巨大的研究價值，是中國乃至全人類的寶貴文化遺產(chǎn)。The four great classic Chinese nove

14、ls of the Three of the Marsh, Journey to the A Dream of Red the four novelswere written during the period from the late Yuan and early Ming dynasties to theQing Dynasty. They all reflect various aspects of ancient China, including politicaland military strife, social conflicts and cultural beliefs.

15、The four novels are ofsupreme artistic standards, representing the peak of Chinas classic novels. Lots of thecharacters and scenes in the books are well-known in China and have exertedprofound influences on the ideology and values of the entire nation. Highly valuablefor the research of Chinas ancie

16、nt customs, feudal system, and social life, the fourclassic novels are precious cultural relics of China as well as the human society as awhole.第三單元一、英譯漢With the development of computer science and the Internet technology, socialnetworking services (SNS) have come to be a widely popular platform to

17、build socialnetworks or social relations among people in recent years. SNS are web-basedservices that allow individuals to create a public profile, create a list of users withwhom to share connection, and view and cross the connections within the system.Social networking sites are varied and they in

18、corporate new information andcommunication tools, allowing users to share ideas, pictures, posts, activities, events,interests with people in their network. SNS have affected the social life and activity of近年來，隨著計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)的發(fā)展，社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)（ SNS）已經(jīng)成為人們構(gòu)建社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)和社會關(guān)系的一個廣受歡迎的平臺。 SNS是基于網(wǎng)頁的服務(wù)，允許個人創(chuàng)建面向公眾的個人簡介， 創(chuàng)建用

19、戶名單以分享社會聯(lián)系， 并對系統(tǒng)內(nèi)的關(guān)系網(wǎng)進(jìn)行瀏覽和交叉連接。 社交網(wǎng)站多種多樣， 可整合各種新的信息及通訊工具，并允許用戶跟網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的其他人分享觀點(diǎn)、圖片、帖子、活動、事件以及興趣愛好等。 SNS已通過各種方式影響到人們的社會生活以及社交活動。隨著各種移動設(shè)備對 SNS訪問的實(shí)現(xiàn)，只要能連接上互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，用戶在世界上的任何地方都能一直與朋友、親戚及其他認(rèn)識的人保持聯(lián)絡(luò)。 SNS還可讓擁有相同興趣和信念的人通過群組或其他頁面建立聯(lián)系， 同時，由于其網(wǎng)絡(luò)分布廣闊， 還能讓失散的家庭成員或朋友重新團(tuán)聚，這點(diǎn)早已為人所知。二、漢譯英近年來，隨著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)的迅猛發(fā)展， 互聯(lián)網(wǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)已成為一個熱門話題。 以蓬勃

20、發(fā)展的電子商務(wù)為代表的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)已成為經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的重要引擎。 我國政府高度重視發(fā)展互聯(lián)網(wǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)，提出了 通、教育、金融、公共服務(wù)等領(lǐng)域的結(jié)合。這將為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展提供極大的發(fā)展?jié)摿透鼜V闊的發(fā)展空間。隨著 更多傳統(tǒng)行業(yè)進(jìn)一步融合，助力打造 proposes the concept of Internet Plus, aiming to integrate Internet with otherindustries, such as health care, transportation, education, finance, and public service.This will creat

21、e great potential and broad prospects for the development of theInternet economy. With the implementation of the Internet Plus strategy, theInternet is certain to be integrated with more traditional industries and help build theupgraded version of the Chinese economy.第三單元一、英譯漢Baroque architecture is

22、 a building style that flourished in Europe between thelate 16th and mid-18th century. It evolved out of Renaissance architecture in Italy,when the Renaissance architects began to get bored of the symmetry( ) and sameold forms they had been using for the past 200 years, and started to make bold,curv

23、ing and not at all symmetrical buildings called the Baroque buildings.Baroque-style buildings share some common characteristics. Marble, gilt(金) andbronze were the materials the Baroque architects used in abundance. Oval was themost distinct and a very common shape incorporated into Baroque architec

24、ture.Dramatic use of light is important, and is achieved either through stronglight-and-shade contrasts or uniform lighting by means of windows. Opulent use ofcolor and ornaments is prevalent, as can be seen in the large-scale frescoes(畫)painted on the ceilings. There is usually a central projection

25、 that is quite large and jutsoutward, and domes erected in a pear shape are often seen. The most well-knownBaroque buildings include the St. Pauls Cathedral in the UK and the Palace ofVersailles in France. Gian Lorenzo Bernini and Francesco Borromini were the twomain architects of the Baroque era.巴洛

26、克建筑是一種建筑風(fēng)格， 興盛于 16世紀(jì)晚期至 18世紀(jì)中期的歐洲。 它由意大利文藝復(fù)興時期的建筑發(fā)展而來， 當(dāng)時文藝復(fù)興建筑師開始對過去 200多年來一直沿用的對稱的、 一成不變的舊建筑形式感到厭倦， 開始建造醒目的、 具有曲線性而非對稱的巴洛克建筑。 巴洛克風(fēng)格的建筑有一些共同特征。 大理石、鍍金、青銅是巴洛克建筑師大量使用的材料。 橢圓形是巴洛克建筑最鮮明且十分常見的形狀。戲劇性的光照運(yùn)用也是其重要特征， 主要是通過強(qiáng)烈的光影對比或由窗戶進(jìn)入的均勻光線來實(shí)現(xiàn)。 豐富的色彩和裝飾運(yùn)用也很常見， 這從天花板上的大幅壁畫中可以看出。 巴洛克建筑通常正中還有一個相當(dāng)大并且向外突出的部分， 梨形的

27、拱頂也十分常見。 最著名的巴洛克建筑包括英國的圣保羅大教堂和法國的凡勞倫佐貝尼尼和弗朗西斯科 博羅米尼是巴洛克時期兩位主要的建筑師。二、漢譯英蘇州園林是中國古典園林最杰出的代表，大部分為私家所有。蘇州園林始于春秋，興于宋元，盛于明清。清末蘇州已有各色園林 170余處，為其贏得了 園林之城的稱號。現(xiàn)保存完好的園林有 60多處，對外開放的有十余處。其中滄浪亭、獅子林、拙政園和留園分別代表著宋、元、明、清四個朝代的藝術(shù)風(fēng)格，被稱為蘇州四大名園 。蘇州園林宅園合一，可賞，可游，可居，其建筑規(guī)制反映了中國古代江南民間的生活方式和禮儀習(xí)俗。蘇州園林不僅是歷史文化的產(chǎn)物，同時也是中國傳統(tǒng)思想文化的載體。 1

28、997年，蘇州園林被聯(lián)合國教科文組織列入世界遺產(chǎn)名錄 。Suzhou gardens are the most outstanding representatives of classical Chinese gardens.Most of them were privately-owned. The gardens first appeared in the Spring andAutumn Period, developed in the Song and Yuan dynasties, and flourished in theMing and Qing dynasties. By th

29、e late Qing Dynasty, Suzhou had got as many as over170 gardens of diverse styles, winning it the name The City of Gardens. Now, over60 gardens are kept in good condition, of which more than 10 are open to the public.The Surging Wave Pavilion, the Lion Grove Garden, the Humble AdministratorsGarden an

30、d the Lingering Garden are called the four most famous gardens in Suzhou,representing the artistic styles of the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynastiesrespectively. Suzhou gardens are assemblies of residences and gardens, which makesthem suitable places for living, visiting and appreciating. The archit

31、ectural principlesof the gardens are a demonstration of the lifestyles and social customs of the ancientChinese people in the south of the Lower Yangtze River. Suzhou gardens are not onlya product of Chinese history and culture, but also a carrier of traditional Chineseideology and culture. In 1997, Suzhou gardens were inscribed on the World HeritageList by UNESCO.第五單元一、英譯漢The Renaissance was an influentia