八年級英語下冊語法之情態(tài)動詞講解與練習(xí)人教新目標(biāo)版

1、精品資料情動情動 ：示說話人語氣的單詞。不能單獨(dú)做謂語，只能和動詞原形（有時候也說不加 to 的動詞不定式）一起構(gòu)成謂。、情動沒人和的化情動后跟動須用形否式成在態(tài) 動后加 not。eg: She can sing an English song.We should do our homework right now.I cant speak English very well.2、情動的法（1）Can 的用法示力腦方的能”Can you drive?你會開車嗎？Can you speak English?你說語嗎？示觀件許You can skate on the lake.(The ice i

2、s thick enough.)你可以在湖面上滑冰了（冰層夠厚的了）The airplane can take now.(The storm has stopped.)飛機(jī)可以起飛了（暴風(fēng)雨停了）You cant park car here. 你不能在此停車?yán)?1：The work is too hard for him. He _ finish it on time.A. cant B. mustnt C. shouldnt D. neednt 在定句疑句時有表說人懷，異猜或不定no, no, it cant be true.不不，這不可能是事實(shí)How can you be so carel

3、ess!怎么會這么粗心He cant be in library。他現(xiàn)在不會在圖書館例 2： Whos singing in the next room? It _ be Mary. She has gone to New York.A.cant B. must C. shouldnt D. can注： can 和 be able to 在示能力這一點(diǎn)是同義詞，通?？梢酝ㄓ肐 can speak English.=I am able to speak English.但在針對過去情況時，兩者的區(qū)別意義明顯，不可混用。在過去情況下，主語“潛能”的實(shí) 施與否，兩者有區(qū)別。比較：1）We could

4、 save his life.我們有辦法救活他。 （未必實(shí)施）2）We to his life.我們得以救活他。 （諸實(shí)施句 1）只表示主語有救人的能力但未必實(shí)施；句 ）則表示主語非但有救人的能力，而且 已成功實(shí)施了。但在否定句式中，因?yàn)楸硎局髡Z“無能力”，所以不存在能力的實(shí)施問題。這時，兩者意義 統(tǒng)一，可以通用。例如：I couldnt/wasnt able to pass exam.沒能考及格。He couldnt/wasnt to to see his country reunited.精品資料他沒能活著親眼見到祖國的重新統(tǒng)一。一般說來 be able to 邊動不式有動態(tài)如I sure

5、 he is to correct his mistakes grammar.而不說 Im sure his mistakes are able be corrected by him例 3：In China even barren mountains_ turned into fertile fields. A)can B) can be C) is able to D) is able to beCould 是 can 的過去式，可以用示去能或可性I could run very fast I was young. 我年輕時跑得很快I couldn understand what at 我

6、一點(diǎn)也聽不懂他說的話例 4 _my letter, otherwise she would have replied before now. A) should have received B) has C) couldnt have received D) ought to have received例 5：The fire spread very quickly，but luckily everyone_ get out. A to B C、could 、was to示異懷How could you be so careless? 你么會這樣粗心We thought the story c

7、ould be true. 我們時以為那個故事不會是真的。 以替 用于在動，語較委，：Could I use your bike?我可以用一下你的自行車嗎？You could do it this way.你可以把這個男孩帶去（2）may 的法來問表允（在此用法中 may 和第一人稱連用時都以疑問句形式出現(xiàn)） May I ask you a ？可以問你一個問題嗎？You may take the boy there.你可以把這個男孩帶去。He may come if he likes.如他想來，可以來They may stay in our 他可以在我家歇息。例 6： _ I use your

8、 eraser, Rose? Sure. Here you are.A. May B. Would C. Need D. Must示話的測認(rèn)某事“許或可”生We may call on you this evening我們也許今天晚上會來看你（們）She may not like this place她可能不喜歡這個地方Might 是 may 的過去形式表示問允或能推等。如：Might I give you a piece of advice?我可否給你提個建議Might 比 may 更客氣）He told me he might come.他說他可能來（Might 與 told 相呼應(yīng)都是過

9、去式）I was afraid he might not like this 精品資料我當(dāng)時擔(dān)心他可能不喜歡這個地主Might 與 相呼應(yīng)，都是表示過去。)【注意】。有時 Might 也用表現(xiàn)的情只可性 may 更一，： He might know her 他許知道她的地址。Be careful, you might break it. 小點(diǎn)，要不你可能會將它打碎May(might)加詞定的成可表對去推、為某在去可” 發(fā)，一法 may 和 might 都指過，過 might 更含蓄更肯。： He may (might) have watched TV the whole night.(For

10、looks very sleep)他可能看了一夜電視（因?yàn)樗瓷先シ浅＠Ь耄㏕hey might ( may) not caught the 他們可能沒趕緊上車。（3）must 的法示必”“當(dāng)。如：We must rely ourselves.我們必須依靠自己You must finish the work before four oclock.你必須在四點(diǎn)前干完這項(xiàng)工作例 7：Another cup of tea?No, thanks. I _ be off. Gina is waiting for me.A. can B. must C. may例 8：Must I get up earl

11、y tomorrow morning?No, _.A. you mustnt B. I dont think you have toC. you cant D. you need例 9：It rained heavily, so we _ stay at home watchingTV or surfing the Internet all day.A. could B. had to C. mustmust 只有現(xiàn)式無他態(tài)化，常只來示在，有出以 must 表 過（用間引中，：He told me I do according to what said. 他我說，我必須按他說的做。 must

12、也可表推，比 may 肯得，譯“定或準(zhǔn)”如：He must be in the library.他在準(zhǔn)在圖書館It must be four in the morning 現(xiàn)在一定是到了清晨四點(diǎn)鐘了例 10:Fifty dollars for such a T-shirt! You _ be joking!Im serious. Its made of silk.A. must B. need C. may D. canmust 引導(dǎo)的般問，定答 needn 或 dont have toMust I finish my homework today, Miss Liu?No, you need

13、nt /dont have to 。（4）have to 的用法后接動詞原形，表示“不得不、必須”的意思，它比 must 含有“客觀條件使得必須如此 做”的意思。并有較多的時態(tài)，如：We have to get up early.我不得不早起We will have get up early tomorrow. 我們明天必須早起We had to get up early at time. 我那時不得不早起Must 和 have to 的別精品資料 表的是說話人的主觀看 have to 表示的是客觀需要Must 一般只有現(xiàn)在 時，而 have to 有多的形式。在下面情況下兩都就不宜換用：It

14、 raining heavily, we cant go now. think well have to wait till rain stops.雨得太大了，我們現(xiàn)在法走，我想我們只能等雨停了再走We must ask for permission if we do 如果我們要干，一定要先征得同意。例 11： you go skating with us this afternoon?Sorry, I t. I _ take care of my sister at home.A.can B. may C. would D. have to（5）ought to 的用示有務(wù)有要作事You o

15、ught to finish your work you home.你每天回家前應(yīng)把工作做完You ought not to be so careless. 你不應(yīng)當(dāng)這樣粗心示常能事His father ought to know his address.他你親總該知道他的地址吧If we start work right now, we ought to finish it before 如果我們現(xiàn)在開始干，午飯前應(yīng)當(dāng)能干完ought to 后接詞定的成，用定構(gòu)表示去事做未，用 定構(gòu)則示去該的情生。You ought to have careful.你應(yīng)當(dāng)更仔細(xì)些才是（但事實(shí)是當(dāng)時沒有仔細(xì)行

16、事）You ought not to have interrupted them.你當(dāng)時不應(yīng)當(dāng)打斷他們（的談話），（但當(dāng)時的事實(shí)是打斷了別人的談話。）【注意】：此用法相當(dāng)于should (not) have done結(jié)構(gòu)例：They _ discuss it now.A. ought to not B. not ought toC. dont ought to D. ought not to例： Ought we to clean the classroom now?- Yes, we _.A. ought B. should C. must D. can（6）dare 的法dare 表示敢的

17、思它過時 dared在I dare say”種構(gòu)，dare 極少作定構(gòu)的態(tài)詞般在定和問中和其他情態(tài)詞一樣dare 不隨稱變化而變后所 的詞定不 to 也就動原。如：I dare not tell the truth.我不敢照實(shí)說出Dare she go out alone at night?她敢一個人夜間出去嗎？Dare 也實(shí)義動詞形式，在現(xiàn)在英語中dare 作實(shí)義動詞的時候更多一些。（7 的用need 表示需”用與 dare 幾乎全相同即用否句疑問中本無精品資料化例： Need you go to work now? Yes, I _.A. must B. need C. can D. da

18、re肯句通用 need 有實(shí)動形，法其他義詞樣如：I think he needs to do it 我認(rèn)為他需要重新做一次。（此句中的 needs 是義動詞。）【注意】：need 后有名詞或動名詞作賓語時need 是實(shí)義動詞，但后接動名詞的句子相 當(dāng)于被動語態(tài)，如：We need some more hands. 我需要更多的幫手The garden needs cleaning.(=The garden needs be cleaned.) 院要清掃了The flowers need watering.(=The flowers need to be watered.) 花澆水了例： Yo

19、ur room is full of dust. It_.A. need clean B. need cleaningC. need to be cleaned D. needs to be cleanedneed 和 dare 作情動和義詞區(qū)：兩 者 作 情 態(tài) 動 詞 時 常 用 于 否 句 。 其 形 式 為 ： neednt/darent do ； Need/daredo做 實(shí) 義 動 詞 時 可 用 于 肯 定 ， 定 句 和 疑 問 句 。 其 形 式 為 ： need(needs/needed)/dare(dares/dared) to dont(doesnt) need/dar

20、e do注意句 dare say+從。 意是我肯定 Im sure 或 is no doubt that+ 從句。例句：I dare say m sure/There is no doubt that my uncle will get the money if I die. （8）shall 的法主用第人的問中表征對意。：What shall I do 我在該干點(diǎn)什么Shall we go together?咱們一走好嗎例：What _ we do tonight.A.will B.shall C.should should 用示勸、議，作應(yīng)”You should study hard.你應(yīng)

21、當(dāng)努力學(xué)習(xí)You should the s advice.你當(dāng)聽大夫的話We should help other.我應(yīng)當(dāng)互相幫助例： _ help the people in need.A. can B. ought to C. should D. could示推、能They should get home by now.他們現(xiàn)在該到家了The book should be available in the bookstore.這書在書店里可能有賣的接詞成時表過的情肯結(jié)表該沒；否結(jié)表不做 但生。I should have written you earlier.應(yīng)當(dāng)早引起給你寫回信（但沒寫）Y

22、ou shouldnt have told him this.不應(yīng)當(dāng)把這告訴他。（但告訴了）精品資料例：I missed the train. You _ me that the timetablehad changed.A. should to tell B. should have toldC. ought have to tell D. ought have told to 和 should 的別表示出于法令規(guī)則為則責(zé)任等客觀情況該某時一般應(yīng)用 ought 若用 則有個人意見強(qiáng)主觀看.在公告或例中出禮貌,常用 should. 如：We ought to go and see Mary t

23、omorrow,but I think we will.明我們按理應(yīng)該 去看看瑪麗但我認(rèn)為我們不會(句不宜用 should).You should not run alongside the swimming-pool.不在游泳池邊奔跑例： _ cross the street against the red light.A. ought not B. ought to notC. shouldnt to D. oughtnt to will, would 的法主用第人的問中表說人對提請，would 較 will 更委婉 Will you help me? 你幫幫我嗎？Would you li

24、ke some tea? 你喝點(diǎn)茶嗎？Will you please tell the way to the station? 請問到車站怎么走？would you回答方式有以下種： Yes, I will. (No, I won Sure.(I m sorry,I can All right/OK/ With pleasure.Certainly. (No, thank you .) Yes, please.例：Would you do me a favor?_.A.Thats right B.With pleasure D.No trouble used 的用后接動詞原形，表以經(jīng)發(fā)生動，現(xiàn)

25、不這了通常用于肯定句中）。 I used to get up early，我以前經(jīng)常早起（現(xiàn)在不是這樣了）He used to read aloud everyday. 他前天天朗讀（但現(xiàn)在不是了）注意：句型be + used ”接動名詞或名詞，表示習(xí)慣“：I am not quite used to the weather, here. 不大習(xí)慣這里的天氣Are you used to the food in Beijing?現(xiàn)在習(xí)慣吃北京的飯了嗎？Im to getting up early.習(xí)慣早起。 to 和 would 的別 used to 表示過去常常做現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不再有的習(xí)慣而 wo

26、uld 只 表示過去的習(xí)慣或喜好，不涉及現(xiàn)在。練習(xí)：1、Look at the sign!Oh, I see.We _ waste water.A. can B. mustC. mustnt D. neednt2、Must I be home before eight oclock, Mum? No, you _. But you have to come back before ten oclock.精品資料A. neednt B. cant C. mustnt3、_ I borrow your MP3?Sure . Here you are.A. May B.Should C.Must D

27、. Would4 be in the classroom, I think.-No, he _ be in the classroom. I saw him go home a minute ago.A.can; may not B.must; may not C.may; cant D.may; mustnt 5 、 -Shall I get one more cake for you, Dad?-Thanks, but you_, Ive had enough.A. may not B. must not C. cant D. neednt6、Even the top students i

28、n our class cant work out thisproblem, so it _be very difficult.A. may B. must C. can D. need7、He isnt at school. I think he _ be ill.A. can B. shall C. must D. has to8 I take this one?A. May B. Will C. Are D. Do9、Need the doctor _ with you tonight?A. staying B. stay C. stays D. to stay10. He must b

29、e in the classroom he?Amustnt Bcant isn Can11. Let go to the shall _ANo cant BYesI CYes，thank you No，Wed better not12.- You ought to have called him yesterday-Yes, I know I_Aought to ought to Cought to ought to called13. -Why did you it a secret from -I _ about A be told ought to have been toldC hav

30、e told ought to be told14. The work _ be a short timeAwasn to Bcouldnt Cought could15. He looks very tired _ to too late last nightAmust go Bmust could go didnt go16. The door lockAcant Bmay not Cwont mustnt17. As a soldier，you do as the head tells youAwill shall Cmay ought18. How _ you be so careless?A Bwill Ccould Dmay19. I talked for a long time，and in the end I_ make her believe Acould can Cmust Dwas able to精品資料20. Did you scold him for carelessne