2022年考研考博-考博英語-東北大學考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號29

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-東北大學考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Themayorisawomanwithgreat（）andthereforedeservesourpoliticalandfinancialassistance.

問題1選項

A.integrity

B.instinct

C.intensity

D.insanity

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項integrity“完整；正直；誠實；廉正”；B選項instinct“本能；直覺；天性”；C選項intensity“強度；強烈”；D選項insanity“瘋狂；精神錯亂；愚頑”。句意：這位市長是一位非常正直的女性，因此值得我們的政治和財政援助。根據(jù)句意，A選項正確。

2.單選題

Hespokeso（）thatevenhisopponentswerewonoverbyhisarguments.

問題1選項

A.reservedly

B.emphatically

C.determinedly

D.convincingly

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。A選項reservedly“決然地；斷然地”；B選項emphatically“著重地；強調(diào)地；斷然地”；C選項determinedly“決然地；斷然地”；D選項convincingly“令人信服地；有說服力地”。句意：他如此令人信服地發(fā)言，以至于他的對手都被他的辯論所說服。根據(jù)句意，D選項正確。

3.單選題

Itisfortunatewhenayoungman’scareergoalsandthewishesofhisparentsforhim（）.

問題1選項

A.coincide

B.supervise

C.collaborate

D.collide

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項coincide“一致，符合；同時發(fā)生”；B選項supervise“監(jiān)督，管理；指導”；C選項collaborate“合作；勾結(jié)，通敵”；D選項collide“碰撞；抵觸，沖突”。句意：當一個年輕人的職業(yè)目標和他父母對他的希望一致時，那是幸運的。結(jié)合句意，故A選項正確。

4.單選題

Thespeakerwasknowntobequitethe（）,sotheprogramwaswellattended.

問題1選項

A.raconteur

B.raquonteur

C.racquonteur

D.raqonteur

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項raconteur“健談?wù)撸簧瞄L講故事的人”；B，C和D這三項在英語中不存在。句意：大家都知道這位演講者的確是一位健談?wù)?，所以這個節(jié)目有很多人參加。結(jié)合句意，故A選項正確。

5.單選題

Theschoolmaster（）thegirl’sbraveryinhisopeningspeech.

問題1選項

A.applauded

B.enhanced

C.elevated

D.clapped

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項applaud“贊同；稱贊”；B選項enhance“提高；加強；增加”；C選項elevate“提高；舉起；抬高”；D選項clap“拍手；鼓掌；輕輕拍打某人”。句意：校長在開幕致辭上稱贊了這個女孩的勇敢行為。因此A選項正確。

6.單選題

Amisconceptionfrequentlyheldbynovicewritersisthatsentencestructuremirrorsthought:themoreconvolutedthestructure,themore（）theideas.

問題1選項

A.complicated

B.inconsequential

C.fanciful

D.blatant

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞同義辨析。A選項complicated“難懂的，復(fù)雜的”；B選項inconsequential“不重要的；不合理的；不合邏輯的”；C選項fanciful“想象的；稀奇的”；D選項blatant“喧囂的；公然的；炫耀的；俗麗的”。句意：新手作家時常擁有的一個錯誤想法是句子結(jié)構(gòu)反映想法，即結(jié)構(gòu)越復(fù)雜，那么想法也就越復(fù)雜。根據(jù)句意判斷出A選項正確。

7.單選題

Itisnotadvisableto（）inaffairsthatareofnoconcerntoyou.

問題1選項

A.impart

B.ponder

C.meddle

D.abound

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項impart“給予（尤指抽象事物），傳授；告知，透露”；B選項ponder“考慮；沉思”；C選項meddle“干預(yù)；干涉”；D選項abound“富于；充滿”。句意：去干涉與你無關(guān)的事情是不明智的。根據(jù)句意判斷出C選項正確。

8.填空題

1.Darwinstatedthatindividuals[A]withcharacteristicsbestadaptedto[B]existingconditionsurviveandmakeupanincreasing[C]largerproportionoftheirspecies[D].

2.Thecoming[A]ofageofthepostwarbabyboomandanentryofwomenintothemale-dominatedjobmarkethavelimited[B],theopportunitiesofteenagerswhoarealreadyquestioning[C]theheavypersonalsacrificesinvolvingin[D]climbingJapan’srigidsocialladdertogoodschoolsandjobs.

3.Thepaidmanagers[A]actingforthecompanywereinmoredirectrelationwiththeworkmenandtheirdemands,butevenso[B],he[C]seldomhadthatfamiliarpersonalknowledgeoftheworkmenwhich[D]theemployershadoftenhadunderthesystemoftheoldfamilybusiness.

4.It’snotobvioushow[A]thecapacitytovisualizeobjectsandtofigureout[B]numericalpatternssuitsonetoanswerquestionsthathas[C]attractedsomeofthebestpoetsandphilosophers[D].

5.IQwasnegativelycorrelatedwith[A]leadership—thatis,itpredictedtheopposite.AnyonewhohastoiledthroughSATwilltestilythattest-takingskillalsomatters[B]whetherit’sknowing[C]whentoguessand[D]whatquestionstoskip.

6.Asdietandhealthimproved[A]childrenandadolescentshave,onaverage,increasedinheightto[B]aboutaninchandahalfevery20years,apatternknownas[C]theobvioustrendinheight[D].

7.AndersEricsson,58-year-oldpsychologyprofessor[A]atUniversityofFlorida,sayshebelievesstronglyin“allofpsychology.”Ericssongrewup[B]inSweden,andstudiednuclearengineeringuntil[C]herealizedhewouldhavemoreopportunitytoconducthisownresearchifheswitchedto[D]psychology.

8.Ifyouexamine[A]thebirthcertificatesofeverysoccerplayerin2010’sWorldCuptournament,youwouldmostlikely[B]findanoteworthyfact:famoussoccerplayersaremorelikelytohavebeenborn[C]intheearliermonths[D]oftheyearthaninthelatermonths.

9.Americanpeoplenolonger[A]expectpublicfigures,whether[B]inspeechorinwriting,tocommandtheEnglishlanguagewithskillandgift.So[C]dotheyaspiretocommandthemselves[D].

10.Thebodiesplayingmajorprofessionalsportshavebeenchanged[A]dramaticallyovertheyears,andmanagershavebeenmorethanwillingtoadjustteamuniformsto[B]fitthegrowingnumbers[C]ofbiggerandlonger[D]frames.

【答案】1.【試題答案】C

2.【試題答案】D

3.【試題答案】C

4.【試題答案】C

5.【試題答案】D

6.【試題答案】B

7.【試題答案】A

8.【試題答案】A

9.【試題答案】C

10.【試題答案】A

【解析】1.【試題解析】考查詞性。C項修飾形容詞large，此處increasing應(yīng)改為副詞increasingly，故選C。

2.【試題解析】考查非謂語動詞。Sacrifices和involve之間為被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)使用過去分詞involved。因此D合題意。beinvolvedin“涉及”。

3.【試題解析】考查代詞。C項指代前文thepaidmanagers，為負數(shù)，因此該用they不是he，故選C。

4.【試題解析】考查謂語動詞。在此處that指代的先行詞為questions，為復(fù)數(shù)，遵守主謂一致的原則，應(yīng)該是have不是has，故選C。

5.【試題解析】考查連詞。此處考查whether...or...“是……還是……，或者……或者……”，and錯誤，應(yīng)是or，故選D。

6.【試題解析】考查介詞。此處句意為：每20年身高增加了1.5寸。increaseto“增加到”；increaseby“增加了”，用介詞by更合適，故選B。

7.【試題解析】考查冠詞。58-year-oldpsychologyprofessor是AndersEricsson的同位語，對其進行解釋說明，因此professor前面應(yīng)有冠詞a，故選A。

8.【試題解析】考查謂語動詞。本句是if引導的條件狀語從句，主語的謂語動詞形式為woulddo，可以判斷出這是對現(xiàn)在時間的虛擬，從句的動詞應(yīng)用examined。故選A。

9.【試題解析】考查副詞。Neither才是否定的“也”，故選C。

10.【試題解析】考查語態(tài)。根據(jù)語境和句意，此處應(yīng)該用主動語態(tài)，去掉been才正確，故選A。

9.單選題

Sustainabledevelopmentisappliedtojustabouteverythingfromenergytocleanwaterandeconomicgrowth,andasaresultithasbecomedifficulttoquestioneitherthebasicassumptionsbehinditorthewaytheconceptisputtouse.Thisisespeciallytrueinagriculture,wheresustainabledevelopmentisoftentakenasthesolemeasureofprogresswithoutaproperappreciationofhistoricalandculturalperspectives.

Tostartwith,itisimportanttorememberthatthenatureofagriculturehaschangedmarkedlythroughouthistory,andwillcontinuetodoso.MedievalagricultureinnorthernEuropefed,clothedandshelteredapredominantlyruralsocietywithamuchlowerpopulationdensitythanitistoday.Ithadminimaleffectonbiodiversity,andanypollutionitcausedwastypicallylocalized.Intermsofenergyuseandthenutrientscapturedintheproductitwasrelativelyinefficient.

Contrastthiswithfarmingsincethestartoftheindustrialrevolution,competitionfromoverseasledfarmerstospecializeandincreaseyields.Throughoutthisperiodfoodbecamecheaper,saferandmorereliable.However,thesechangeshavealsoledtohabitatlossandtodiminishingbiodiversity.

What’smore,demandforanimalproductsindevelopingcountriesisgrowingsofastthatmeetingitwillrequireanextra300milliontonsofgrainayearby2050.Yetthegrowthofcitiesandindustryisreducingtheamountofwateravailableforagricultureinmanyregions.

Allthismeansthatagricultureinthe21stcenturywillhavetobeverydifferentfromhowitwasinthe20th.Thiswillrequireradicalthinking.Forexample,weneedtomoveawayfromtheideathattraditionalpracticesareinevitablymoresustainablethannewones.Wealsoneedtoabandonthenotionthatagriculturecanbe“zeroimpact”.Thekeywillbetoabandontherathersimpleandstaticmeasuresofsustainability,whichcentreontheneedtomaintainproductionwithoutincreasingdamage.Insteadweneedamoredynamicinterpretation,onethatlooksattheprosandconsofallthevariouswayslandisused.Therearemanydifferentwaystomeasureagriculturalperformancebesidesfoodyield:energyuse,environmentalcosts,waterpurity,carbonfootprintandbiodiversity.Itisclear,forexample,thatthecarboncostoftransportingtomatoesfromSpaintotheUKislessthanthatofproducingthemintheUKwithadditionalheatingandlighting.Butwedonotknowwhetherlowercarbonfootprintswillalwaysbebetterforbiodiversity.

1.Howdopeopleoftenmeasureprogressinagriculture?

2.Specializationandtheefforttoincreaseyieldshaveresultedin（）.

3.Whatdoestheauthorthinkoftraditionalfarmingpractices?

4.Whatwillagriculturebelikeinthe21stcentury?

5.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthispassage?

問題1選項

A.Byitsproductivity.

B.Byitssustainability.

C.Byitsimpactontheenvironment.

D.Byitscontributiontoeconomicgrowth.

問題2選項

A.localizedpollution

B.theshrinkingoffarmland

C.competitionfromoverseas

D.thedecreaseofbiodiversity

問題3選項

A.Theyhaveremainedthesameoverthecenturies.

B.Theyhavenotkeptpacewithpopulationgrowth.

C.Theyarenotnecessarilysustainable.

D.Theyareenvironmentallyfriendly.

問題4選項

A.Itwillgothroughradicalchanges.

B.Itwillsupplymoreanimalproducts.

C.Itwillabandontraditionalfarmingpractices.

D.Itwillcausezerodamagetotheenvironment.

問題5選項

A.Toremindpeopleoftheneedofsustainabledevelopment

B.Tosuggestwaysofensuringsustainablefoodproduction.

C.Toadvancenewcriteriaformeasuringfarmingprogress.

D.Tourgepeopletorethinkwhatsustainableagricultureis.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.【試題解析】推理判斷題。通過題干定位到原文第一段“Thisisespeciallytrueinagriculture,wheresustainabledevelopmentisoftentakenasthesolemeasureofprogresswithoutaproperappreciationofhistoricalandculturalperspectives.”，中文翻譯：這種情況在農(nóng)業(yè)上尤其如此，可持續(xù)發(fā)展經(jīng)常被當成是農(nóng)業(yè)進步的唯一衡量標準，而農(nóng)業(yè)的歷史和文化方面卻沒有被恰當?shù)亓私?。綜合考慮，選項B“通過它的可持續(xù)性”符合題意。

2.【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第三段“However,thesechangeshavealsoledtohabitatlossandtodiminishingbiodiversity.”，中文翻譯：然而，這些改變也導致棲息地的減少和生物多樣性的不斷減少。可知最佳答案為D選項“生物多樣性的減少”。

3.【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞traditionalfarmingpractices定位到原文第二段“Intermsofenergyuseandthenutrientscapturedintheproductitwasrelativelyinefficient.”，中文翻譯：在能源使用和產(chǎn)品獲取的營養(yǎng)方面，它（傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)）是相對低效的?？梢酝茢喑龃鸢高x擇C“它們不一定是可持續(xù)的”。

4.【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文最后一段“Allthismeansthatagricultureinthe21stcenturywillhavetobeverydifferentfromhowitwasinthe20th.”，中文翻譯為：這一切意味著，21世紀的農(nóng)業(yè)將與20世紀的農(nóng)業(yè)迥然不同。因此判斷正確答案為A“它將會經(jīng)歷徹底的變化”。

5.【試題解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文最后一段中心句“Insteadweneedamoredynamicinterpretation,onethatlooksattheprosandconsofallthevariouswayslandisused.”，中文翻譯為：相反，我們需要一個更動態(tài)的解釋，該解釋會考慮所有各種各樣土地使用方式的利與弊。以及文章第一段中“Thisisespeciallytrueinagriculture,wheresustainabledevelopmentisoftentakenasthesolemeasureofprogresswithoutaproperappreciationofhistoricalandculturalperspectives.”，中文翻譯為：這種情況在農(nóng)業(yè)上尤其如此，可持續(xù)發(fā)展經(jīng)常被當成是農(nóng)業(yè)進步的唯一衡量標準，而農(nóng)業(yè)的歷史和文化方面卻沒有被恰當?shù)亓私??？芍?，正確答案為D項“催促人們反思可持續(xù)的農(nóng)業(yè)是什么”。

10.單選題

Thenewspaper（）thedetailsoftheaccidentinashorttime.

問題1選項

A.disclosed

B.exhibited

C.exposed

D.discovered

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項disclose“公開；披露”；B選項exhibit“展覽；顯示；提出（證據(jù)等）”；C選項expose“揭露（多指揭露丑聞，壞人壞事或各種陰謀）；使曝光；顯示”；D選項discover“發(fā)現(xiàn)；發(fā)覺”。句意：這份報紙不久就披露了這起事故的細節(jié)。結(jié)合此處語境，A選項正確。

11.單選題

Onanaverageofsixtimesaday,adoctorinHollandpractices“active”euthanasia:intentionallyadministeringalethaldrugtoaterminallyillpatientwhohasaskedtoberelievedofsuffering.Twentytimesaday,life-prolongingtreatmentiswithheldorwithdrawnwhenthereisnohopethatitcanaffectanultimatecure.“Active”euthanasiaremainsacrimeontheDutchstatutebookspunishableby12yearsinprison.Butaseriesofcourtcasesoverthepast15yearshasmadeitclearthatacompetentphysicianwhocarriesitoutwillnotbeprosecuted.

Euthanasia,oftencalled“mercykilling”,isacrimeeverywhereinWesternEurope.ButmoreandmoredoctorsandnursesinBritain,Germany,Hollandandelsewherereadilyadmittopracticingit,mostofteninthe“passive”formofwithholdingorwithdrawingtreatment.Thelongsimmeringeuthanasiaissuehaslatelyboiledoverintoasometimesfiercepublicdebate,withbothsidesclaimingthemantleofultimaterighteousness.Thoseopposedtothepracticeseethemselvesup-holdingsacredprinciplesofrespectforlife,whilethoseinfavorraisethebannerofhumanetreatment.Afteryearsonthedefensive,theadvocatesnowseemtobegainingground.RecentpollsinBritainshowthat72percentofBritishsubjectsfavoreuthanasiainsomecircumstances.Anastonishing76percentofrespondentstoapolltakenlatelastyearinFrancesaidtheywouldlikethelawchangedtodecriminalizemercykillings.

Reasonsforthelatestsurgeofinterestineuthanasiaarenothardtofind.Europeans,likeAmericans,arenowlivinglonger.TheaverageEuropeanmalenowlivestotheageof72,womantoalmost8A.sDerekHumphrey,aleadingBritishadvocateof“rationaleuthanasia”,says,“l(fā)ingeringchronicdiseaseshavereplacedcriticalillnessastheprimarycauseofdeath.”

Andsotheeuthanasistshavebeguntopresstheircasewithgreaterforce.Theyarguethateveryhumanbeingshouldhavetherightto“diewithdignity”,bywhichtheyusuallymeantherighttoescapethehorrorsofapainfulordegradinghospitalization.Mostadvocatesofvoluntaryeuthanasiahavearguedthattherighttodieshouldbeaccordedonlytotheterminallyandincurablyill,butthemovementalsoincludesasmallminoritywhobelieveineuthanasiaforanyonewhorationallydecidestotakehisownlife.

Thatrightisunlikelytogetlegalrecognitionanytimeinthenearfuture.EvenintheNetherlands,theproposalsnowbeforeParliamentwouldrestricteuthanasiatoasmallnumberofcasesandwouldsurroundeventhosewithelaboratesafeguards.

1.AccordingtoParagraph1,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

2.Euthanasiais,oftencalled“mercykilling”,whichimpliesthat（）.

3.“Boiledover”(Line4,Para.2)means（）.

4.Mostadvocatesofvoluntaryeuthanasiaholdthat（）.

5.Theauthor’sattitudetowardseuthanasiais（）.

問題1選項

A.“Active”euthanasiaisregardedasacrimebyDutchlaw.

B.Thedoctorwhocarriesouteuthanasiawillbecharged.

C.Anunqualifieddoctorcarryingouteuthanasiawillbeaccused.

D.“Active”euthanasiaexecutiveswillbesentencedto12yearsimprisonment.

問題2選項

A.peopleshouldshowsympathyforaterminallyillpatient

B.somedoctorsmurderpatientsshieldingthemselvesfrommercy

C.humanetreatmenttodyingpatientsshouldberequired

D.thedyingpatientsaresufferingfromthepainandtheydon’twanttoliveon

問題3選項

A.burst(into)

B.makethewaterhotenoughtoboil

C.causegreatanger

D.fightoneanother

問題4選項

A.onlyterminallyillpatientscanhaveeuthanasia

B.ifanyonewhorationallydecidestoendhislife,hecanhaveeuthanasia

C.peopleshouldrespectlife

D.nomatterwhatpunishmenttheyget,theywillcarryouteuthanasiatopatients

問題5選項

A.positive

B.negative

C.objective

D.uncertain

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。A選項“主動的安樂死被荷蘭法律認為是一種犯罪”和D選項“主動安樂死的執(zhí)行者將被判12年的監(jiān)禁”可以定位到文章首段中“‘Active’euthanasiaremainsacrimeontheDutchstatutebookspunishableby12yearsinprison.”中文翻譯為：主動的安樂死在荷蘭的法典上仍然是一種需判刑12年的監(jiān)禁。C選項“實行安樂死的不合格醫(yī)生將會被控告”可以定位到文章首段“Butaseriesofcourtcasesoverthepast15yearshasmadeitclearthatacompetentphysicianwhocarriesitoutwillnotbeprosecuted.”中文翻譯為：但是過去15年的一系列法庭案件卻明確表示，實行安樂死的稱職醫(yī)生將不被指控。同時可知B選項“實行安樂死的醫(yī)生將會被起訴”與文章不符合，故選B。

2.【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“mercykilling”可以定位到原文第二段“whilethoseinfavorraisethebannerofhumanetreatment.”中文翻譯為：而那些安樂死的支持者卻高舉人道對待的旗幟?？芍狢項正確，譯為“垂死的病人應(yīng)該需要人道的對待”。

3.【試題解析】詞匯題。A：爆發(fā)（成）；B：讓水熱得足以沸騰；C：造成巨大的憤怒；D：相互打架。題干關(guān)鍵詞“boilover”意為：爆發(fā)。因此A選項正確。

4.【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞mostadvocatesofvoluntaryeuthanasia可以定位到原文倒數(shù)第二段中“Mostadvocatesofvoluntaryeuthanasiahavearguedthattherighttodieshouldbeaccordedonlytotheterminallyandincurablyill”，中文翻譯為：大多數(shù)自愿安樂死的支持者認為，去死的權(quán)利應(yīng)該只給予晚期絕癥病人，可以得知A選項“只有晚期絕癥病人可以安樂死”正確。

5.【試題解析】觀點態(tài)度題。A:positive“積極的”；B:negative“消極的”；C:objective“客觀的”；D:uncertain“不確定的”。全文作者都是用客觀的態(tài)度來描述安樂死這個話題，因此可以推測出C選項正確。

12.單選題

Knowingthathewaspromoted,Jasoncouldhardlybe（）onthephone.

問題1選項

A.adherent

B.adhesive

C.coherent

D.inherent

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項adherent“附著的；黏著的”；B選項adhesive“黏著的；帶黏性的”；C選項coherent“連貫的；清晰的；條理清楚的”；D選項inherent“固有的；內(nèi)在的；與生俱來的，遺傳的”。句意：在得知自己升職后，杰森在電話里幾乎不能條理清楚地講話。根據(jù)句意，C選項正確。

13.單選題

Bulliedbytwoclassmates,theboybegantocryandtearslowly（）downhisface.

問題1選項

A.oozed

B.trickled

C.dribbled

D.leaked

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項ooze“滲出；泄漏”；B選項trickle“使……滴；一滴滴地流”；C選項dribble“連擊；使滴下；運球”；D選項leak“使?jié)B漏，泄露”。句意：受到兩位同班同學的欺負后，這位男孩開始哭，然后眼淚順著他的臉頰一滴滴地流下。結(jié)合此處句意眼淚應(yīng)該是順著他的臉頰一滴滴地流，判斷出B選項正確。

14.單選題

Afteranumberofdisagreementswiththecommittee,thehelplesschairman（）.

問題1選項

A.retired

B.dismissed

C.deserted

D.resigned

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項retire“退休；離開；收回”；B選項dismiss“解散；解雇；不予理會”；C選項desert“遺棄；放棄；逃跑”；D選項resign“辭去職務(wù)；放棄；委托；使聽從”。句意：在與委員會產(chǎn)生很多分歧后，這位無助的主席辭去了自己的職務(wù)。結(jié)合此處語義，D選項正確。

15.單選題

Hawaii’snativeminorityisdemandingagreaterdegreeofsovereigntyoveritsownaffairs.Butmuchofthearchipelago’spoliticalestablishment,whichincludesthewhiteAmericanswhodominateduntiltheSecondWorldWarandpeopleofJapanese,ChineseandFilipinoorigin,isopposedtotheidea.

TheislandswereannexedbytheU.S.in1898andsincethenHawaii’snativepeoplehavefaredworsethananyofitsotherethnicgroups.Theymakeupover60percentofthestate’shomeless,sufferhigherlevelsofunemploymentandtheirlifespanisfiveyearslessthantheaverageHawaiians.TheyaretheonlymajorU.S.nativegroupwithoutsomedegreeofautonomy.

ButasovereigntyadvisorycommitteesetupbyHawaii’sfirstnativegovernor,JohnWaihee,hasgiventhenatives’causeamajorboostbyrecommendingthattheHawaiiannativesdecidebythemselveswhethertore-establishasovereignHawaiiannation.

However,theHawaiiannativesarenotunitedintheirdemands.Somejustwantgreaterautonomywithinthestate—asenjoyedbymanyAmericanIndiannativesovermatterssuchaseducation.ThisisapositionsupportedbytheOfficeofHawaiianAffairs(OHA),astateagencysetupin1978torepresenttonatives’interestsandwhichhasnowbecomethemoderatefaceofthenativesovereigntymovement.MoreambitiousistheKaLahuigroup,whichdeclareditselfanewnationin1987andwantsfull,officialindependencefromtheU.S.

ButifHawaiiannativesaregivengreaterautonomy,itisfarfromclearhowmanypeoplethiswillapplyto.Thestateauthoritiesonlycountasnativethosepeoplewithmorethan50percentHawaiianblood.

Nativedemandsarenotjustbasedonpoliticalgrievances,though.Theyalsowanttheirclaimon660,000hectaresofHawaiiancrownlandtobeaccepted.Itisonthisissuethatnativegroupsarefacing.Itisonthisissuethatnativegroupsarefacingmostoppositionfromthestateauthorities.In1933,thestategovernmentpaidtheOHAU.S.$136millioninbackrentonthecrownlandandmanyofficialssaythatbyacceptingthispaymenttheagencyhasgivenupitsclaimstolegallyowntheland.TheOHAhasvigorouslydisputedthis.

1.Hawaii’snativeminorityrefersto（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueoftheHawaiiannatives?

3.WhichofthefollowingisNottrueofJohnWaihee?

4.Whichofthefollowinggroupsholdsalessradicalattitudeonthematterofsovereignty?

5.VariousnativeHawaiiansdemandallthefollowingExcept（）.

問題1選項

A.Hawaii’sethnicgroups

B.peopleofFilipinoorigin

C.theKaLahuigroup

D.peoplewith50%Hawaiianblood

問題2選項

A.Sixtypercentofthemarehomelessorunemployed.

B.Theirlifespanis5yearsshorterthanaverageAmericans.

C.TheirlifeisworsethanthatofotherethnicgroupsinHawaii.

D.Theyaretheonlynativegroupwithoutsovereignty.

問題3選項

A.HeisHawaiifirstnativegovernor.

B.Hehassetupasovereigntyadvisorycommittee.

C.Hesuggestedthenativepeopledecideforthemselves.

D.Heisleadingthelocalindependencemovement.

問題4選項

A.AmericanIndiannatives.

B.OfficeofHawaiianAffairs.

C.TheKaLahuigroup.

D.TheHawaiiannatives.

問題5選項

A.agreaterautonomywithinthestate

B.morebackrentonthecrownland

C.aclaimontheHawaiiancrownland

D.fullindependencefromtheU.S.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Hawaii’snativeminority可以定位到文章第二段第一句“TheislandswereannexedbytheU.S.,in1898andsincethenHawaii’snativepeopleshavefaredworsethananyofitsotherethnicgroups.”，中文翻譯為：這個群島于1898年被美國吞并，從那時起，夏威夷土著居民的遭遇比其他種族群體的遭遇更為悲慘。可以判斷只有A項“夏威夷的種族群體”正確。

2.細節(jié)事實題。由題干可以定位到原文第二段“…sincethenHawaii’snativepeoplehavefaredworsethananyofitsotherethnicgroups.”，中文大意為：自那以后，夏威夷的土著居民比其他種族的境況更糟糕。C選項正確，符合題意。

3.細節(jié)事實題。由A，B，C選項可定位到原文第三段中“ButasovereigntyadvisorycommitteesetupbyHawaii’sfirstnativegovernor,JohnWaihee,hasgiventhenatives’causeamajorboostbyrecommendingthattheHawaiiannativesdecidebythemselveswhethertore-establishasovereignHawaiiannation.”，中文翻譯為：由夏威夷的第一位本土官員JohnWaihee成立的主權(quán)咨詢委員會對土著居民的事件起到了推動作用，該委員會建議夏威夷土著居民應(yīng)該自主決定是否需要重新成立一個夏威夷主權(quán)國家。判斷A，B，C選項正確，排除；D選項在文章內(nèi)沒有相關(guān)信息介紹，故選D。

4.細節(jié)事實題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“alessradicalattitude”可以定位到文章第四段第三句“ThisisapositionsupportedbytheOfficeofHawaiianAffairs(OHA),astateagencysetupin1978torepresentthenatives’interestsandwhichhasnowbecomethemoderatefaceofthenativesovereigntymovement.”，中文翻譯為：這是夏威夷事務(wù)辦公室（OHA）支持的態(tài)度，OHA作為一個國家機關(guān)成立于1978年，代表著當?shù)厝嗣竦睦?，如今在面對土著居民主?quán)運動上保持著溫和的態(tài)度。故選B。

5.細節(jié)事實題。由題干可以定位到原文最后一段“Theyalsowanttheirclaimon660,000hectaresofHawaiiancrownlandtobeaccepted.”，中文翻譯為：他們還希望能夠要回66萬公頃的夏威夷公有土地。可知夏威夷是想美國政府承認其所有權(quán)而不僅僅是更多的租金。因此B選項“更多的拖欠皇家土地的租金”符合題意。

16.翻譯題

Inalmosteveryformofmedia,includingtelevision,newspapersandmagazines,agreatdealattentionispaidtothepersonallivesofcelebrities.Itseemsthatthepubliccannotgetenoughofthiskindofnews.However,Ibelievethatthemediahavearesponsibilitytopresentabalancedviewoftheworld,aswellasrespectthelivesofpublicfigures.Therefore,Ibelievethatthemediapaytoomuchattentiontothepersonallivesoffamouspeople.

Forpeoplewhoarefascinatedwiththelivesofpublicfigurestherearesomeformsofmediadevotedexclusivelytothistopic.TheycansatisfytheircuriositybybuyingfanmagazinesandwatchingTVshowsdevotedtoentertainmentnews.Thegeneralmediashouldpresentalltypesofinformationbecausepeoplehavedifferentinterests.Furthermore,thepracticeofdwellingontheprivatelivesofcelebritiescanleadpeopletopaymoreattentiontothesemattersthantheyotherwisewould.Perhapsmostimportantly,themediashouldrespecttheprivacyofeveryindividual,includingpublicfigures.Theymayhavechosentobeinthepubliceye,butthatdoesgivethepublictherighttoknoweverythingaboutthem.Moreover,manystoriesaboutcelebritiesareuntrue;theyareonlygossipreportedto-increasesalesofmagazinesandothermedia.Theyareunfairtothefamousandmisleadthepublic.

Forallofthesereasons,Ibelievethatthemediashouldpaymoreattentiontomattersotherthantheprivatelivesofpublicfigures.Inthisway,theycanappealtoawideraudienceandencouragepeopletodevelopotherinterests.Inmyopinion,themediacurrentlypaytoomuchattentiontotheprivatelivesofpublicfigures.

Directions:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.

【答案】【參考譯文】

幾乎每一種媒體，包括電視、報紙和雜志，都把許多焦點放在名人的私生活上。公眾似乎對這類新聞一直感興趣。然而，我認為媒體有責任以公正的觀點報道時事，并尊重公眾人物的生活。因此，我認為媒體確實過分關(guān)注名人的私生活。

因為有些人對公眾人物的生活很著迷，所以有些媒體就專門報道這個話題。他們可以通過購買針對歌迷發(fā)行的雜志和觀看電視節(jié)目的娛樂新聞來滿足自己的好奇心。一般媒體應(yīng)該提供所有類型的信息，因為人們的興趣各不相同。此外，老是糾纏于名人的私生活會讓人們比平時更關(guān)注這些事情。也許最重要的是，媒體應(yīng)該尊重每個人的隱私，包括公眾人物的隱私。他們可能選擇了出現(xiàn)在公眾的視線中，但那并不表示大眾有權(quán)知道他們的一切。此外，許多關(guān)于名人的故事都是不真實的；它們只是用來增加雜志和其他媒體銷量的八卦報道。那些不實的報道不僅對名人不公平，還會誤導公眾。

基于所有這些理由，我認為媒體應(yīng)該多關(guān)注公眾人物私生活以外的事情。通過這種方式，他們可以吸引更廣泛的受眾，并鼓勵人們培養(yǎng)其他興趣。在我看來，目前的媒體過于關(guān)注公眾人物以及他們的私生活。

17.單選題

Thenuboftherestorationistcritiqueofpreservationismistheclaimthatitrestsonanunhealthydualismthatconceivesnatureandhumankindasradicallydistinctandopposedtoeachother.Dissatisfactionwithdualismhasforsometimefiguredprominentlyintheunhappinessofenvironmentalistswithmainstreamindustrialsociety,asinthewritingsofCarolynMerchantandTheodoreRoszak.

However,thewritingsoftherestorationiststhemselves—particularly,WilliamJordanandFrederickTurner—offerlittleevidencetosupportthisindictment.Intheirview,preservationistsareimbuedwiththesamebasicmind-setastheindustrialmainstream,theonlydifferencebeingthatthelatterexaltshumansovernaturewhiletheformerelevatesnatureoverhumans.WhileitisperhapspuzzlingthatJordanandTurnerdonotseethatthereisnologicthatrequiresdualismasaphilosophicalunderpinningforpreservation,morepuzzlingisthesharpnessandrelentlessnessoftheirattackonpreservationists,accentuatedbythefactthattheyofferlittle,ifany,criticismofthosewhohaveplunderedthenaturalworld.

Thecrucialquestion,however,abouttherestorationistoutlookhastodowiththedegreetowhichtherestorationprogramisitselffaithfultothefirstprincipleofrestoration:thatnatureandhumanityarefundamentallyunitedratherthanseparate.Rejectingtheolddominationmodel,whichseeshumansasovernature,restorationtheorychampionsamodelofcommunityparticipation.YetsomeofthedescriptionsthatJordanandTurnergiveofwhatrestorationistsareactuallyupto―forexample,Turner’sdescriptionofhumansas“thelordsofcreation,”orJordan’sstatementthat“thefateandwell-beingofthebiospheredependultimatelyonusandourrelationshipwithit”—donotcoherewellwiththecommunityparticipationmodel.

Anotherholisticmodel—namely,thatofnatureasanorganism—mightbemoreserviceabletotherestorationists.Aswiththecommunitymodel,the“organic”modelpicturesnatureasasystemofinterconnectedparts.Afundamentaldifference,however,isthatinanorganismthepartsarewhollysubservienttothelifeoftheorganism.Ifwecouldthinkofthebiosphereasasinglelivingorganismandcouldidentifyhumanswiththebrain(ortheDNA),orcontrolcenter,wewouldhaveamodelthatmorecloselyfitstherestorationists’view.

However,toconsiderhumansasthecontrolcenterofthelivingearthistoascribetothemadominatingroleinnature.Isthissignificantlydifferentfromtheold-fashioneddominationmodel?Inbothsystemshumansholdtheplaceofhighestauthorityandpowerintheworld.

Also,neitherviewrecognizesanylimitstothescopeandrangeoflegitimatehumanmanipulationintheworld.Thisdoesnotmeanthattherearenoconstraints;onlybeneficialmanipulationshouldbeundertaken.Butitdoesnotmeanthatnothingisoff-limits.Afurtherparallelisthat,becausethefateoftheworldrestsonhumans,theymusthaveaclearideaofwhatneedstobedone.

1.Theauthorprimarypurposeinthepassageisto（）.

2.Theauthorofthepassagewouldprobablyagre