微觀經濟學英文課件

Week1:MicroeconomicsIITopic:MicroeconomicsandApplication

杖追伯猙閘挫臥章櫻嵌另餅摳綽拙腔頰哦汞假椎信諾賠貿逝備萎俊姨必遮微觀經濟學英文課件微觀經濟學英文課件Week1:MicroeconomicsIITopic1OutlineEssentialMicroeconomicsPrinciplesUsesofMicroeconomicsApplication1另拇般村獺鉤宗鹵睬譯順亥嚇訊鹼破懷帚嘆穗讒剩白電凄口童輾撲淋陰餾微觀經濟學英文課件微觀經濟學英文課件OutlineEssentialMicroeconomic2Subtopic1:EconomicPrinciplesEconomicisanacademicdisciplineofsocialsciencethatprovidesdiscourseabouttheallocationoflimitedresourcesineconomytoproducegoodsandservicestosatisfyunlimitedwantsEconomics,indeed,isabroaddisciplineitself.Microeconomicsandmacroeconomicsaretwoseparatedbutinterrelatedbranchesofeconomics.Therearemanymorefieldsthateachservedtofocusonaparticularareaofstudy.溜噪隨媽挺惕哦貝供售龍虱轟倒應氈藐遣柿岔杠俞漣湯戀塊軌廖墮檸譴亦微觀經濟學英文課件微觀經濟學英文課件Subtopic1:EconomicPrinciple3Continuously,SocialScienceEconomicsMicroeconomicsMacroeconomicsIndustrialfinancialHumanCapitalEnvironmentalOthersMathematicalEconomicsEconometricsAppliedStatisticsEditedbyYong,E.L.從葷娠捧癟漓顫雙絆燕拾蔗將棒蝎浮緯契愈特飾湍寇萊橙貞靜苞榮姥修櫥微觀經濟學英文課件微觀經濟學英文課件Continuously,SocialScienceEco4Continuously,MicroeconomicsFocusesonthestudyofchoiceanddecisionmakingforanindividualhouseholdandfirm,whilemacroeconomicsstudiesthebehaviouroftheeconomicasawhole.Thereisafewprinciplesaboutmicroeconomicsinsomebooks,whilemoreinothers汕彬離撫錘俺勒匯祟星妒勺汾患懦危李錫竊匣夫爽諷扭尖玄堰尾嗡熟螟碰微觀經濟學英文課件微觀經濟學英文課件Continuously,MicroeconomicsF5Continuously,Basically,thegeneralprinciplesare:ScarcityofresourcesOpportunitycostsIncreasingopportunitycostRealOpportunityCostRealOpportunitycostandinefficiencyEditedbyYong,E.L.謬腺薪瘡幣附渦磕徹嘴塊鋒艙府引瞎介紗兵哈沁紙濾梁布頭軸陪膝鷗待滬微觀經濟學英文課件微觀經濟學英文課件Continuously,Basically,theg6Continuously,0QuantityofAppleQuantityofApplePieabcd67121310962EditedbyYong,E.L.旺筑也警餅轟畜慧爹滄涸駕郭例魁淤況葡蒙荔兆耕理遇析窗遭諧士析蚊違微觀經濟學英文課件微觀經濟學英文課件Continuously,0QuantityofApp7Continuously,AssumptionsinsidetheProductionpossibilityFrontier(PPF)Factorsofproductionisfixed;labourandcapitalandnotechnologydevelopmentAgentinvolvedisfirm/producerwhofaceeconomicproblemsandquestionsTheconceptofincreasingopportunityapplied.Producersarerational.Normalgood:AppleandApplepieAtaparticularprice,placeandtime(PPPT)EditedbyYong,E.L.尺僅繭點懦舌嚼干斃肝益肅茨詢氏粗尋予漫賽吻攝箔揖忱液豆仿洲軒正保微觀經濟學英文課件微觀經濟學英文課件Continuously,Assumptionsinsi8Continuously,Ifthefirmproduces10unitsofappleand6unitsofapplepiewantstoincreasetheproductionofapplepiebyoneunittothe7thunit.Ithastoforgo1unitofapplesothatresourcescanbeshiftedtoproducetheadditionalapplepie;OpportunityCostisthus1.EditedbyYong,E.L.腸尋綠芝臃趟待賽撓擦娠勒紫享憤標摳取會臆寬訣佩糊憋狼蔗欄杉輻水曳微觀經濟學英文課件微觀經濟學英文課件Continuously,Ifthefirmprod9Continuously,Ifthefirmproduces6unitsofappleand12unitsofapplepiewantstoincreasetheproductionofapplepiebyoneunittothe13thunit.Ithastoforgo2unitsofapplesothatresourcescanbeshiftedtoproducetheadditionalapplepie;OpportunityCostisthus2.EditedbyYong,E.L.根蠶沮祟松朱灤案混溫觀硯紡峻鑷址汁藤淑仁蒂托藤襲壺鼠拘漬趁積恒艱微觀經濟學英文課件微觀經濟學英文課件Continuously,Ifthefirmprod10Continuously,Thus,itisobviousthatopportunitycosthasincreasedfrom1to2unitsWhatshouldtheopportunitycostshouldbemeasuredinrealtermthaninmoneyterm?Ifitismeasuredinmoneyterm,seewhathappen:Supposeapplecosts$10perunitandapplepiecosts$20perunit.Thus,theopportunitycostremains1.Supposecostofbothgoodsdoubled,$20forappleand$40forapplepie.Thus,theopportunitycostremains1.EditedbyYong,E.L.洛依先且防篙恿字卻討酣宜憚募蘿飛稽餅褪攫江摔宦綏庫駿足門移糞約蒼微觀經濟學英文課件微觀經濟學英文課件Continuously,Thus,itisobvio11Continuously,Now,askyourselfiftheproductionbythefirmefficientlyorequallyproduced?Firstly,tellwhichonedoyouthinkispossible:Efficientorequalorboth.Secondly,tellthereasonforittobeefficientorequalorboth.Thirdly,giveyourcreativepointofviewofhowsuchequalandefficientconditioncanbedisturbedorachieved.EditedbyYong,E.L.惦絕件野殷弓款蛾羚澡涵亂螺戳橫豫伯酉卒僚訓藩拿駐骨貢拷虎斤鑼已員微觀經濟學英文課件微觀經濟學英文課件Continuously,Now,askyourse12Continuously,1)Inthisexample,youshouldchoosetosaythatthePPFisefficient2)Inthesensethatresourcesareutilizedinmaximumamounttoproducebothgoods,asshownatpointa,b,candd.However,anypointinsidethePPFshouldnotbeefficientduetounusedresources.PointsbeyondthePPFareunreachableduetoinsufficientresources.3)Giveapointtohowthismightbedisturbed. -IfHealthMinistryimposesanewlawtoreduceapplepieduetoobesityinchildrenandincreaseappleproduction,theproducermaynotbeabletofindthebestcombinationofresourcesforthenewplanofproductionsetbythegovernment.EditedbyYong,E.L.植哺鍺相佳預章矮嫂答羚疏洋動艱目饑道繪癡戎因扛昌蚜標喀痛慕捆能駒微觀經濟學英文課件微觀經濟學英文課件Continuously,1)Inthisexampl13Subtopic2:UsesofMicroeconomicsMicroeconomicshasitsessentialapplicationineveryaspectofhumanbehaviour,whichrelatedtoscarcity,choiceanddecisionmaking,PPPT.However,itdoesn’tmeanthateverydecisionmakingprocessbasedoneconomicprinciplesmustberightandthebest.EX:Thefund-hedgecollapsebytwo‘EconomicsNobelPrizeWinner’EditedbyYong,E.L.百網高絮滓貴與控斜禁玩愿圾玄漸秉婦誼怒委怒橡佯煎皂沽計泄宋苫翼迄微觀經濟學英文課件微觀經濟學英文課件Subtopic2:UsesofMicroecono14Continuously,Thestudyofmicroeconomicscanhelponetoconceptualizeimportantdecisionsthatconcerntoone’slifeandthisishoitoffersawaytomakebetterdecision.Oneobviousapplicationofmicroeconomicsisinthebusinessfield;firmsAfirmthatwantstoenterthebiotechnologyindustry,forinstance,mustatleastknowthedegreeofdemandforbiotechnologyproductsinthemarket,theresourcesavailabletoproducetheproductsandtheopportunitycostofusingtheresourcesintheproduction.EditedbyYong,E.L.母俗召冊辣臨炸朗權騁嗅遂覓觸孟間起甲剁鋅馱宅執(zhí)鉀泊碎停碉求晨茫個微觀經濟學英文課件微觀經濟學英文課件Continuously,Thestudyofmic15Continuously,Microeconomicsisalsousedforevaluatingbroadquestioninregardstogovernmentpolicy(althoughthisismoretomacroeconomics).Changesintonewlawandregulationmaycauseeconomicresourcesallocatedinefficientlyasshownatthepreviousexample.EditedbyYong,E.L.憶豹勿厚鴻細馱鴉恍墜杏籽濤綴飾袖餞焊返訓枕命劊常膘餅兵忱拖亢腰馮微觀經濟學英文課件微觀經濟學英文課件Continuously,Microeconomicsi16Subtopic3:ApplicationConsiderthemarketforminivans.Ifpeopledecidetohavemorechildren,whatwouldhappentothepriceandquantityintheminivanmarket?ThreelevelofresponsesAssumptionsDescriptionofyouranswerYourjudgementaboutequityandefficiencyEditedbyYong,E.L.乍糟蛔處書浸薄柬奎柜溜飼猙尼顏鈞茹卑茁吞烴己泉誨紛芋屠驚肯蚊踩宮微觀經濟學英文課件微觀經濟學英文課件Subtopic3:ApplicationConside17Continuously,AssumptionFactorsinvolvedareminivanandpriceofminivansandtherearemorechildrennow;ceteriesparibus.Agentsinvolvedareminivanproducersandhouseholds,whofaceeconomicproblemsandquestions.EX;ofbasiceconomicproblems:Eachhouseholdisconstraintwithlimitedincome,thusminivanisthebestchoicecomparedtootherbettervehicles,whichnowtheopportunitycost.EX;ofbasiceconomicquestions:(What)Eachhouseholddemandsminivanformaximizingutility.(HowMuch)Eachhouseholddemandsthenumberofquantityofminivanisdeterminedbythepriceandincome.((How)Householdsmustallocateincomeefficientlytopurchaseminivan.(Forwho)Householdspurchasetheminivanfromtheminivanproducersforfamilyusage.EditedbyYong,E.L.柯糾汁癬龜妒娜酗呻酶訟夠靳銜饒炕緯曳望桅萬生扶屈所禿札劉旦祝久禮微觀經濟學英文課件微觀經濟學英文課件Continuously,AssumptionEdited18Continuously,ThelawofdemandandsupplyappliedNormalgoodsRationalityEditedbyYong,E.L.礦絲耪脆筆捻一詞眷相澀娟吸竄宙棠瑪平腹連薛刮論別籽試棋腹嚙浦撂袒微觀經濟學英文課件微觀經濟學英文課件Continuously,Thelawofdemand19Continuously,PriceperunitofMinivanQuantityofMinivanSSD0D0E0D1D1E1Q1Q0P1P00EditedbyYong,E.L.彤晶屜釜窟沿音輯院噬嘲繡憑暇筍嗣鈞涂狐擋秸餓盂扣巧剎瀉鋼桔悶遵酪微觀經濟學英文課件微觀經濟學英文課件Continuously,Priceperunitof20Continuously,Nowaskyourselfifthisisefficientorequity.Why?Ithinkthisisanequitybecausetotaldemandisequaltototalsupply.Ifcountryrestrictsthenumberofchildrenforeachfamily,theequilibriumconditionmaynolongerhold.EditedbyYong,E.L.資滾諜寅堤逞棒漾員坦趕屁尾綜面飛遁杖課泌氫猜封撲顯妙礬嘉轅爾壯屢微觀經濟學英文課件微觀經濟學英文課件Continuously,Nowaskyourself21Continuously,PriceperunitofMinivanQuantityofMinivanSSD0D0E0D1D1E1Q1Q0P1P00EditedbyYong,E.L.E2Q2P2哼久秩剖雙誦臉馭扔銀好湖際畝揭饒灌承匠妹駐揣馬變憨剿接歹爛幣岳幢微觀經濟學英文課件微觀經濟學英文課件Continuously,Priceperunitof22FurtherRevisionPrincipleofMicroeconomics_Chapter1&2Studentsareexpectedtodoatleast3hoursrevisionorfrequentrevisionforthischapterasforpreparationforassignments,mid-term,finalexaminationandfurthereducationbenefit.EachStudentisrequiredtosubmitatleastonepagereporttotheinstructorforthischapterbeforefinalexam.EditedbyYong,E.L.媒洪雌腿蠶斬罕難筷椎釩扁挪雛爾羅爭潛嘔銳絕里酋煞巖淡襟捉鶴各艱憨微觀經濟學英文課件微觀經濟學英文課件FurtherRevisionPrincipleofM23Week1:MicroeconomicsIITopic:MicroeconomicsandApplication

杖追伯猙閘挫臥章櫻嵌另餅摳綽拙腔頰哦汞假椎信諾賠貿逝備萎俊姨必遮微觀經濟學英文課件微觀經濟學英文課件Week1:MicroeconomicsIITopic24OutlineEssentialMicroeconomicsPrinciplesUsesofMicroeconomicsApplication1另拇般村獺鉤宗鹵睬譯順亥嚇訊鹼破懷帚嘆穗讒剩白電凄口童輾撲淋陰餾微觀經濟學英文課件微觀經濟學英文課件OutlineEssentialMicroeconomic25Subtopic1:EconomicPrinciplesEconomicisanacademicdisciplineofsocialsciencethatprovidesdiscourseabouttheallocationoflimitedresourcesineconomytoproducegoodsandservicestosatisfyunlimitedwantsEconomics,indeed,isabroaddisciplineitself.Microeconomicsandmacroeconomicsaretwoseparatedbutinterrelatedbranchesofeconomics.Therearemanymorefieldsthateachservedtofocusonaparticularareaofstudy.溜噪隨媽挺惕哦貝供售龍虱轟倒應氈藐遣柿岔杠俞漣湯戀塊軌廖墮檸譴亦微觀經濟學英文課件微觀經濟學英文課件Subtopic1:EconomicPrinciple26Continuously,SocialScienceEconomicsMicroeconomicsMacroeconomicsIndustrialfinancialHumanCapitalEnvironmentalOthersMathematicalEconomicsEconometricsAppliedStatisticsEditedbyYong,E.L.從葷娠捧癟漓顫雙絆燕拾蔗將棒蝎浮緯契愈特飾湍寇萊橙貞靜苞榮姥修櫥微觀經濟學英文課件微觀經濟學英文課件Continuously,SocialScienceEco27Continuously,MicroeconomicsFocusesonthestudyofchoiceanddecisionmakingforanindividualhouseholdandfirm,whilemacroeconomicsstudiesthebehaviouroftheeconomicasawhole.Thereisafewprinciplesaboutmicroeconomicsinsomebooks,whilemoreinothers汕彬離撫錘俺勒匯祟星妒勺汾患懦危李錫竊匣夫爽諷扭尖玄堰尾嗡熟螟碰微觀經濟學英文課件微觀經濟學英文課件Continuously,MicroeconomicsF28Continuously,Basically,thegeneralprinciplesare:ScarcityofresourcesOpportunitycostsIncreasingopportunitycostRealOpportunityCostRealOpportunitycostandinefficiencyEditedbyYong,E.L.謬腺薪瘡幣附渦磕徹嘴塊鋒艙府引瞎介紗兵哈沁紙濾梁布頭軸陪膝鷗待滬微觀經濟學英文課件微觀經濟學英文課件Continuously,Basically,theg29Continuously,0QuantityofAppleQuantityofApplePieabcd67121310962EditedbyYong,E.L.旺筑也警餅轟畜慧爹滄涸駕郭例魁淤況葡蒙荔兆耕理遇析窗遭諧士析蚊違微觀經濟學英文課件微觀經濟學英文課件Continuously,0QuantityofApp30Continuously,AssumptionsinsidetheProductionpossibilityFrontier(PPF)Factorsofproductionisfixed;labourandcapitalandnotechnologydevelopmentAgentinvolvedisfirm/producerwhofaceeconomicproblemsandquestionsTheconceptofincreasingopportunityapplied.Producersarerational.Normalgood:AppleandApplepieAtaparticularprice,placeandtime(PPPT)EditedbyYong,E.L.尺僅繭點懦舌嚼干斃肝益肅茨詢氏粗尋予漫賽吻攝箔揖忱液豆仿洲軒正保微觀經濟學英文課件微觀經濟學英文課件Continuously,Assumptionsinsi31Continuously,Ifthefirmproduces10unitsofappleand6unitsofapplepiewantstoincreasetheproductionofapplepiebyoneunittothe7thunit.Ithastoforgo1unitofapplesothatresourcescanbeshiftedtoproducetheadditionalapplepie;OpportunityCostisthus1.EditedbyYong,E.L.腸尋綠芝臃趟待賽撓擦娠勒紫享憤標摳取會臆寬訣佩糊憋狼蔗欄杉輻水曳微觀經濟學英文課件微觀經濟學英文課件Continuously,Ifthefirmprod32Continuously,Ifthefirmproduces6unitsofappleand12unitsofapplepiewantstoincreasetheproductionofapplepiebyoneunittothe13thunit.Ithastoforgo2unitsofapplesothatresourcescanbeshiftedtoproducetheadditionalapplepie;OpportunityCostisthus2.EditedbyYong,E.L.根蠶沮祟松朱灤案混溫觀硯紡峻鑷址汁藤淑仁蒂托藤襲壺鼠拘漬趁積恒艱微觀經濟學英文課件微觀經濟學英文課件Continuously,Ifthefirmprod33Continuously,Thus,itisobviousthatopportunitycosthasincreasedfrom1to2unitsWhatshouldtheopportunitycostshouldbemeasuredinrealtermthaninmoneyterm?Ifitismeasuredinmoneyterm,seewhathappen:Supposeapplecosts$10perunitandapplepiecosts$20perunit.Thus,theopportunitycostremains1.Supposecostofbothgoodsdoubled,$20forappleand$40forapplepie.Thus,theopportunitycostremains1.EditedbyYong,E.L.洛依先且防篙恿字卻討酣宜憚募蘿飛稽餅褪攫江摔宦綏庫駿足門移糞約蒼微觀經濟學英文課件微觀經濟學英文課件Continuously,Thus,itisobvio34Continuously,Now,askyourselfiftheproductionbythefirmefficientlyorequallyproduced?Firstly,tellwhichonedoyouthinkispossible:Efficientorequalorboth.Secondly,tellthereasonforittobeefficientorequalorboth.Thirdly,giveyourcreativepointofviewofhowsuchequalandefficientconditioncanbedisturbedorachieved.EditedbyYong,E.L.惦絕件野殷弓款蛾羚澡涵亂螺戳橫豫伯酉卒僚訓藩拿駐骨貢拷虎斤鑼已員微觀經濟學英文課件微觀經濟學英文課件Continuously,Now,askyourse35Continuously,1)Inthisexample,youshouldchoosetosaythatthePPFisefficient2)Inthesensethatresourcesareutilizedinmaximumamounttoproducebothgoods,asshownatpointa,b,candd.However,anypointinsidethePPFshouldnotbeefficientduetounusedresources.PointsbeyondthePPFareunreachableduetoinsufficientresources.3)Giveapointtohowthismightbedisturbed. -IfHealthMinistryimposesanewlawtoreduceapplepieduetoobesityinchildrenandincreaseappleproduction,theproducermaynotbeabletofindthebestcombinationofresourcesforthenewplanofproductionsetbythegovernment.EditedbyYong,E.L.植哺鍺相佳預章矮嫂答羚疏洋動艱目饑道繪癡戎因扛昌蚜標喀痛慕捆能駒微觀經濟學英文課件微觀經濟學英文課件Continuously,1)Inthisexampl36Subtopic2:UsesofMicroeconomicsMicroeconomicshasitsessentialapplicationineveryaspectofhumanbehaviour,whichrelatedtoscarcity,choiceanddecisionmaking,PPPT.However,itdoesn’tmeanthateverydecisionmakingprocessbasedoneconomicprinciplesmustberightandthebest.EX:Thefund-hedgecollapsebytwo‘EconomicsNobelPrizeWinner’EditedbyYong,E.L.百網高絮滓貴與控斜禁玩愿圾玄漸秉婦誼怒委怒橡佯煎皂沽計泄宋苫翼迄微觀經濟學英文課件微觀經濟學英文課件Subtopic2:UsesofMicroecono37Continuously,Thestudyofmicroeconomicscanhelponetoconceptualizeimportantdecisionsthatconcerntoone’slifeandthisishoitoffersawaytomakebetterdecision.Oneobviousapplicationofmicroeconomicsisinthebusinessfield;firmsAfirmthatwantstoenterthebiotechnologyindustry,forinstance,mustatleastknowthedegreeofdemandforbiotechnologyproductsinthemarket,theresourcesavailabletoproducetheproductsandtheopportunitycostofusingtheresourcesintheproduction.EditedbyYong,E.L.母俗召冊辣臨炸朗權騁嗅遂覓觸孟間起甲剁鋅馱宅執(zhí)鉀泊碎停碉求晨茫個微觀經濟學英文課件微觀經濟學英文課件Continuously,Thestudyofmic38Continuously,Microeconomicsisalsousedforevaluatingbroadquestioninregardstogovernmentpolicy(althoughthisismoretomacroeconomics).Changesintonewlawandregulationmaycauseeconomicresourcesallocatedinefficientlyasshownatthepreviousexample.EditedbyYong,E.L.憶豹勿厚鴻細馱鴉恍墜杏籽濤綴飾袖餞焊返訓枕命劊常膘餅兵忱拖亢腰馮微觀經濟學英文課件微觀經濟學英文課件Continuously,Microeconomicsi39Subtopic3:ApplicationConsiderthemarketforminivans.Ifpeopledecidetohavemorechildren,whatwouldhappentothepriceandquantityintheminivanmarket?ThreelevelofresponsesAssumptionsDescriptionofyouranswerYourjudgementaboutequityandefficiencyEditedbyYong,E.L.乍糟蛔處書浸薄柬奎柜溜飼猙尼顏鈞茹卑茁吞烴己泉誨紛芋屠驚肯蚊踩宮微觀經濟學英文課件微觀經濟學英文課件Subtopic3:ApplicationConside40Continuously,AssumptionFactorsinvolvedareminivanandpriceofminivansandtherearemorechildrennow;ceteriesparibus.Agentsinvolvedareminivanproducersandhouseholds,whofaceeconomicproblemsandquestions.EX;ofbasiceconomicproblems:Eachhouseholdisconstraintwithlimitedincome,thusminivanisthebestchoicecomparedtootherbettervehicles,whichnowtheopportunitycost.EX;ofbasiceconomicquestions:(What)Eachhouseholddemandsminivanform