考研考博-英語(yǔ)-保山學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇1

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-保山學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

SigmundFreudlivedmostofhislifeinVienna,Austria.HewastrainedinmedicineandestablishedtheInternationalPsychoanalyticAssociationin1910.Thisexcerptisfromatranslationofa1923work,TheEgoandtheId.

Therearecertainpeoplewhobehaveinaquitepeculiarfashionduringtheworkofanalysis.Whenonespeakshopefullytothemorexpressessatisfactionwiththeprogressofthetreatment,theyshowsignsofdiscontentandtheirconditioninvariablybecomesworse.Onebeginsbyregardingthisasdefianceandasanattempttoprovetheirsuperioritytothephysician,butlateronecomestotakeadeeperandjusterview.Onebecomesconvinced,notonlythatsuchpeoplecannotendureanypraiseorappreciation,butthattheyreactinverselytotheprogressofthetreatment.Everypartialsolutionthatoughttoresult;andinotherpeopledoesresult,inanimprovementoratemporarysuspensionofsymptomsproducesinthemfortheexacerbationoftheirillness;theygetworseduringthetreatmentinsteadofgettingbetter.Theexhibitwhatisknownasa“negativetherapeuticreaction.”

Thereisnodoubtthatthereissomethinginthesepeoplethatsetsitselfagainsttheirrecovery,anditsapproachisdreadedasthoughitwereadanger.Weareaccustomedtosaythattheneedforillnesshasgottheupperhandinthemoverthedesireforrecovery.Ifweanalyzethisresistanceintheusualway—then,evenafterallowancehasbeenmadeforanattitudeofdefiancetowardsthephysicianandforfixationtothevariousformsofgainfromillness,thegreaterpartofitisstillleftover;andthisrevealsitselfasthemostpowerfulofallobstaclestorecovery,morepowerfulthanthefamiliaronesofnarcissisticinaccessibility,anegativeattitudetowardsthephysicianandclingingtothegainfromillness.

Intheend,wecometoseethatwearedealingwithwhatmaybecalleda“moral”factor,asenseofguiltwhichisfindingsatisfactionintheillnessandrefusestogiveupthepunishmentofsuffering.Weshallberightinregardingthisdishearteningexplanationasfinal.Butasfarasthepatientisconcernedthissenseofguiltisdumb;itdoesnottellhimheisguilty;hedoesnotfeelguilty,hefeelsill.Thissenseofguiltexpressesitselfonlyasaresistancetorecoverywhichisextremelydifficulttoovercome.Itisalsoparticulardifficulttoconvincethepatientthatthismotiveliesbehindhiscontinuingtobeill,heholdsfasttothemoreobviousexplanationthattreatmentbyanalysisisnottherightremedyforhiscase.

1.Agoodtitleforthispassagemightbe（

）.

2.FromthepassagewecanlearnthatFreudmeansthatthesepatients

（

）.

3.Freud’sstudyofthissyndromeleadshimtothinkthat

（

）.

4.DoesFreudfeelthatanalysisisnotrightforthepatientshedescribes?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.AnInverseReactiontoProgress

B.TheNeedforAnalysis

C.GuiltandSuffering

D.IntroductiontoFreud’sIdeas

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.actcontrarytoaphysician’sexpectations

B.getworsewhentheyshouldgetbetter

C.getbetterwhentheyshouldgetworse

D.bothAandB

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.mostpatientsrespondbadlytopraise

B.patientsneedtotrusttheirphysicians

C.patients’guiltmaykeepthemfromgettingwell

D.thepatients’personalemotionsneedtobeanalyzed

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Yes,hefeelstheyareinlovewiththeirillness.

B.Yes,hefeelsthattheyaretooilltorecover.

C.Yes,hesensesthattheyneedanotherremedy.

D.No,butthepatientsoftenfeelthatway.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:D

【解析】1.判斷推理題。由第一段中Thisexcerptisfromatranslationofa1923work,TheEgoandtheId.“本文節(jié)選自1923年的作品《自我與本我》?！迸c第二段Therearecertainpeoplewhobehaveinaquitepeculiarfashionduringtheworkofanalysis.Whenonespeakshopefullytothemorexpressessatisfactionwiththeprogressofthetreatment,theyshowsignsofdiscontentandtheirconditioninvariablybecomesworse.“在分析工作中，有些人的行為舉止相當(dāng)奇特。當(dāng)人們滿懷希望地與他們交談，或?qū)χ委煹倪M(jìn)展表示滿意時(shí)，他們就會(huì)表現(xiàn)出不滿的跡象，病情總是會(huì)惡化。”可推知D項(xiàng)“對(duì)弗洛伊德觀點(diǎn)的介紹”正確。其他三項(xiàng)都是文中未提及的內(nèi)容。

2.判斷推理題。定位到第二段中的butthattheyreactinverselytotheprogressofthetreatment.“但是它們對(duì)治療過(guò)程的反應(yīng)是相反的?！焙蛅heygetworseduringthetreatmentinsteadofgettingbetter.“他們?cè)谥委熯^(guò)程中病情惡化，而不是好轉(zhuǎn)”?？芍狝項(xiàng)與B項(xiàng)正確，故答案為D。

3.判斷推理題。由最后一段中Weshallberightinregardingthisdishearteningexplanationasfinal.我們將正確地把這個(gè)令人沮喪的解釋作為最后的解釋”。和“Thissenseofguiltexpressesitselfonlyasaresistancetorecoverywhichisextremelydifficulttoovercome.這種內(nèi)疚感只表現(xiàn)為對(duì)恢復(fù)的抗拒，而恢復(fù)是極其難以克服的”?？芍狢項(xiàng)正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題由最后一段中Itisalsoparticulardifficulttoconvincethepatientthatthismotiveliesbehindhiscontinuingtobeill,heholdsfasttothemoreobviousexplanationthattreatmentbyanalysisisnottherightremedyforhiscase.要讓病人相信他繼續(xù)患病的動(dòng)機(jī)是非常困難的，他堅(jiān)持更明顯的解釋?zhuān)赐ㄟ^(guò)分析治療并不是對(duì)他的病例的正確治療”?？芍狣項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

TheassessmentreportsoftheIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChangehaveprovidedthescientificevidenceofhumanimpactontheclimate,andaglimpseofwhatthefuturemayholdifwedon’tactfast.Butwhiletheconsensusmaybegrowingontheneedforchangesinbehavior,we’renoclosertounderstandinghowwe’regoingtodoit.Attemptinganunprecedentedshiftinhumanbehaviorwithouttheinputofpsychologistsislikesettingsailforafarawaylandwithouttheaidofnauticalmaps.

PsychologicalresearchshowsthatmostpeopleintheUKdon’tfeelpersonallythreatenedbyclimatechangebecauseitisvague,abstractanddifficulttovisualize.Thismeansthatdoomsdayscenariosandapocalypticlanguageareunlikelytowork—althoughfearcanmotivatebehaviorchange,itonlyworkswhenpeoplefeelpersonallyvulnerable.

AnAmericanstudyplayedpeoplerecordingsofactorsdeliveringspeechesaboutclimatechange.Theversionthatpeoplerespondedtothebesttalkedabout“airpollution”ratherthan“climatechange”—becausepollutionissomethingvisiblethattheycouldrelateto,withstrongconnotationsofdirtinessandpoorhealth.Climatechangeisaboutmuchmorethanjustdirtyair,butfindingwaysofmakingclimatechangemorevisibleiscritical.Peoplesimplydon’tworryaboutthingstheycan’tsee(orevenimagine).Oneapproachthathasbeenusedtoincreasetheamountthatpeopleusepublictransportbreaksdownhabitsintosimple“if…then”plans.Tochangeahabitualbehavior,apersonhastoidentifyagoal(driveless,forexample),abehaviortheywanttoperforminpursuitofthatgoal(getthebustoworkonFridays)andasituationthatwilltriggerthebehavior(havingenoughtimetocatchthebus).

Ofcourse,somepeoplearecautiousaboutcommittingthemselvestochangesintheirpersonalbehavior.Theyarguethatpoliticalagreementsandtechnologicaladvanceswilldomoretoreducegreen-housegasesthananythinganindividualcouldachieve.Butwhileitiscomfortingtodrawsharpdistinctionsbetweenpolitics,technologyandindividuals,therealityisthathumanbehaviorsupportsitall.Politicalpartieswillnotpasslegislationthatispatentlyunpopularamongtheelectorate.Technologycanprovidelow-carbonalternativeslikeelectricbuses.Butazero-emissionsbuswillhavezeropassengersunlesspeopledecidetouseit.

IfthethoughtofpsychologicallyinformedlifestylechangecampaignssoundsabittooBigBrotherforyourliking,thenconsiderthealternative:millionsofpoundsspentontechnologythatisnevertakenup,andamarket-basedsystemofeconomiccoercionthatpenalizesthepoorwhiletherichkeeppolluting.Withoutanunderstandingofwhatdrivespeople’senvironmentalbehavior,thedreamofalow-carbonsocietywillremainforeveroutofreach.

16.Infaceofclimatechange,mostpeople（）.

17.Whichofthefollowingactivitiesmightbethemosteffectivewaytomotivateenvironmentalbehaviors?

18.TheauthorwritesParagraph4to（）.

19.Thephrase“BigBrother”(Line1,Paragraph5)probablymeans（）.

20.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthistext?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.turnablindeyetotheapproachingthreat

B.feelunabletotakesuchabigresponsibility

C.endeavortofindoutasolutionwithpsychology

D.takenoenvironmentallyfriendlyaction

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Watchingadisasterfilm.

B.Holdingaspeechonclimatechange.

C.Appealingforgreenlights.

D.Publicizinglawnadoption.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.denytheroleofpoliticsandtechnologyinenvironmentalprotection

B.explainhowtodivideresponsibilitiesinenvironmentalprotection

C.showindividuals,politicsandtechnologyareindispensableinenvironmentalprotection

D.displaytheimportanceofhumanbehaviorinenvironmentalprotection

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.manipulative

B.troublesome

C.insightful

D.progressive

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Behaviorchangeisthemostimportantlinkinenvironmentalprotection.

B.Psychologyisthemissinglinkintheclimatechangedebate.

C.Themotivationofpeople’senvironmentalbehavior.

D.Thepsychologicalwaytochangehumanbehavior.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：面對(duì)氣候變化，大多數(shù)人___________。通過(guò)文章第二段第一句話PsychologicalresearchshowsthatmostpeopleintheUKdon’tfeelpersonallythreatenedbyclimatechangebecauseitisvague,abstractanddifficulttovisualize.（心理學(xué)研究表明，大多數(shù)英國(guó)人感覺(jué)不到氣候變化的威脅，因?yàn)闅夂蜃兓悄：?、抽象的、難以想象的。），可知，A選項(xiàng)“對(duì)臨近的危險(xiǎn)熟視無(wú)睹”，符合題意。B選項(xiàng)“感到不能承擔(dān)如此重大的責(zé)任”，C選項(xiàng)“用心理學(xué)的方法努力找出解決辦法”，D選項(xiàng)“不采取環(huán)保行動(dòng)”在文中均未提及。所以本題的正確選項(xiàng)是A選項(xiàng)。

2.推理判斷題。題干：以下那個(gè)行動(dòng)可能是激發(fā)環(huán)境保護(hù)行為最有效的方法？通過(guò)第三段首句的內(nèi)容AnAmericanstudyplayedpeoplerecordingsofactorsdeliveringspeechesaboutclimatechange.Theversionthatpeoplerespondedtothebesttalkedabout“airpollution”ratherthan“climatechange”—becausepollutionissomethingvisiblethattheycouldrelateto（美國(guó)的一項(xiàng)研究給人們播放了演員就氣候變化發(fā)表演講的錄音。人們反應(yīng)最好的版本談?wù)摰氖恰翱諝馕廴尽薄倍皇恰皻夂蜃兓薄驗(yàn)槲廴臼撬麄兛梢月?lián)系到的可見(jiàn)的東西），可以推斷，A選項(xiàng)“看災(zāi)難片”，B選項(xiàng)“就氣候變化問(wèn)題發(fā)表演講”，都不可能刺激人們做出環(huán)境保護(hù)的行為。第三段倒數(shù)第二句話Tochangeahabitualbehavior,apersonhastoidentifyagoal(driveless,forexample)（要改變習(xí)慣性行為，一個(gè)人必須確定一個(gè)目標(biāo)(例如少開(kāi)車(chē))），說(shuō)明方法必須是具體化而且有目的的，只有D選項(xiàng)“宣傳草坪采用”，具體到了某一事件。綜上所述，本題的正確答案為D選項(xiàng)。

3.推理判斷題。題干：作者寫(xiě)第4段，是為了_________。第四段的主要內(nèi)容是人們認(rèn)為政治協(xié)議和技術(shù)進(jìn)步在減少溫室氣體排放方面所起的作用比任何個(gè)人都要大。但現(xiàn)實(shí)是如果法律不夠民眾歡迎，政黨不會(huì)通過(guò)。說(shuō)明政治，技術(shù)和環(huán)境自然界限清楚，但是在環(huán)境保護(hù)中缺一不可。所以C選項(xiàng)“表明個(gè)人、政治和技術(shù)在環(huán)境保護(hù)中是不可或缺的”，符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“否認(rèn)政治和技術(shù)在環(huán)境保護(hù)中的作用”，作者在第四段并沒(méi)有否認(rèn)政治和技術(shù)在環(huán)境保護(hù)中的重要性，排除A選項(xiàng)。B選項(xiàng)“解釋在環(huán)境保護(hù)中如何劃分責(zé)任”，第四段表明，政治、技術(shù)、個(gè)人在環(huán)境保護(hù)中界限清晰，但是并沒(méi)有劃分清楚各自的責(zé)任，所以B選項(xiàng)也不正確。D選項(xiàng)“表明人類(lèi)行為在環(huán)境保護(hù)中的重要性”，人類(lèi)行為在環(huán)境保護(hù)中固然重要，但這也離不開(kāi)政治和技術(shù)的支持。綜上所述，本題的正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。

4.推理判斷題。題干：詞組“BigBrother”(第五段第一行)的意思可能是________。第五段第一句話IfthethoughtofpsychologicallyinformedlifestylechangecampaignssoundsabittooBigBrotherforyourliking,thenconsiderthealternative：millionsofpoundsspentontechnologythatisnevertakenup,andamarket-basedsystemofeconomiccoercionthatpenalizesthepoorwhiletherichkeeppolluting.（如果從心理上改變生活方式的運(yùn)動(dòng)聽(tīng)起來(lái)有點(diǎn)太老大哥了，那就考慮另一種選擇。數(shù)百萬(wàn)英鎊花在了從未被使用的技術(shù)上，以及一個(gè)以市場(chǎng)為基礎(chǔ)的經(jīng)濟(jì)強(qiáng)制體系上，這個(gè)體系懲罰窮人，而富人卻繼續(xù)造成污染。），所以這里“BigBrother”指的是獨(dú)裁的方法，因此A選項(xiàng)“操作的，操縱的”，符合題意。B選項(xiàng)“麻煩的，討厭的”，C選項(xiàng)“有深刻見(jiàn)解的，富有洞察力的”，D選項(xiàng)“進(jìn)步的，先進(jìn)的”均不是文章想表達(dá)的意思。綜上所述，本題的正確答案為A選項(xiàng)。

5.主旨大意題。題干：以下那個(gè)選項(xiàng)是文章最好的標(biāo)題？文章開(kāi)頭表明，人類(lèi)對(duì)于氣候改變帶來(lái)的影響沒(méi)有太多的危機(jī)意識(shí)，因?yàn)樗麄冋J(rèn)為氣候變化是模糊的難以想象出來(lái)的。之后展開(kāi)說(shuō)明人們對(duì)習(xí)慣性行為的改變，需要明確目標(biāo)，才能觸發(fā)行為。政府、科技和個(gè)人對(duì)環(huán)境保護(hù)同等重要。如果不了解是什么驅(qū)使人們做出環(huán)境保護(hù)，那么低碳社會(huì)的夢(mèng)想將永遠(yuǎn)無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn)。所以說(shuō)個(gè)人做出行為改變的動(dòng)機(jī)尤其重要，C選項(xiàng)“人們環(huán)境行為的動(dòng)機(jī)”，可以很好的總結(jié)全文。A選項(xiàng)“行為改變是環(huán)境保護(hù)中最重要的環(huán)節(jié)”，B選項(xiàng)“心理學(xué)是氣候變化辯論中缺失的一環(huán)?！盌選項(xiàng)“改變?nèi)祟?lèi)行為的心理學(xué)方法?！比齻€(gè)選項(xiàng)對(duì)文章內(nèi)容及主旨的概括不是那么全面。綜上所述，本題的正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。

3.單選題

（）thattheymayeventuallyreducetheamountoflaborneededonconstructionsitesby90percent.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Socleveraretheconstructionrobots

B.Soclevertheconstructionrobotsare

C.Suchconstructionrobotsareclever

D.Suchcleverconstructionrobotsare

【答案】A

【解析】語(yǔ)法題。so/such和that搭配都可引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，such后接名詞，so后接副詞或形容詞，結(jié)構(gòu)：so+adj.+a/an+名詞，such+a/an+adj.+名詞，so和such謂語(yǔ)句首要用部分倒裝，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。句意：建筑用機(jī)器人是如此的聰明，以至于他們能夠減少工地用量的百分之九十。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

4.單選題

Environmentalistsaredoingeverythingwithintheirpowerto（）theimpactoftheoilspill.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.reject

B.belittle

C.minimize

D.reclaim

【答案】C

【解析】Normal07.8磅02falsefalsefalseEN-USZH-CNX-NONE

動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。reject“拒絕”；belittle“輕視，貶低”；minimize“最小化”；reclaim“開(kāi)拓，回收利用”。句意：環(huán)保人士正在盡其所能將石油泄漏的影響降到最低。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

5.問(wèn)答題

Notallofthepeoplelikethismovie.(popular)

【答案】Thismovieisnotpopularinallofthepeople.

6.單選題

Publicspeakingfillsmostpeoplewithdread.Humiliationisthegreatestfear;self-exposureandfailingtoappealtotheaudiencecomeaclosesecond.Womenhateitmost,sincegirlsarepressurizedfromanearlyagetobeconcernedwithappearancesofallkinds.

Mostpeoplehaveplentyofinsecurities,andthisseemslikeasituationthatwillbringthemout.Ifyouwereunderpressuretobeperfect,youareterrifiedoffallinginthemostpublicofways.

Whileextrovertswillfeellessfearbeforetheordeal,itdoesnotmeantheywillnecessarilydoitbetter.Someveryshypeoplemanagetoshine.WhenImettheBritishcomedianJulianClary,hewasshyandcautious,yethisTVperformancesareperfect.

Infact,personalityisnotthebestpredictorofwhodoesitwell.Regardlessofwhatyouarelikeinreallife,thekeyseemstobetoactyourself.Actualacting,asinperformingthescriptedlinesofacharacterotherthanyourself,doesnotdothejob.Whilepoliticiansmaylimitdamagebyhavingcarefullyrehearsed,writtenscriptstospeakfrom,thereisalwaysahiddenawarenessamongtheaudiencethatthewordsmightnotbetrue.

Likewise,theincrediblyperfectspeechesofmanyAmericanacademicsarefarfromnatural.Youmayendupbuyingtheirbookonthewayout,butsoonafterwards,itismuchlikefastfood,andyougetanamelesssensethatyou’vebeencheated.

Although,asEarlSpencerprovedathissisterPrincessDiana’sfuneral,itispossiblebothtoprepareeverywordandtoactnaturally.Ascriptrarelyworksanditisusedtohelpmostspeakers.

But,beingyourselfdoesn’tworkeither.Ifyouspokeasifyouwereinyourownkitchen,itwouldbetooauthentic,toounawareoftheneedtocommunicatewithanaudience.

IremembergoingtoseeBritishpsychiatristR.D.Laingspeakinpublic.Hebehavedlikeaseriouslyoddperson,talkingoffthetopofhishead.Althoughhewastalkingaboutmadnessandhewroteonmentalillness,heseemedtobeexhibitingratherthanexplainingit.

Thebestpsychologicalplacefromwhichtospeakisanunselfconsciousself-consciousness,providingtheillusionofbeingnatural.Studiessuggestthatthisstateof“flow”，aspsychologistscallit,isverysatisfying.

1.“This”inParagraphTworefersto（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtheauthor’sviewpoint?

3.Whatistheauthor’sviewonpersonality?

4.TheauthorimpliesthatwhilespeakingR.D.Laing（）.

5.Inthelastparagraphtheauthorrecommendsthat（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.insecurity

B.senseoffailure

C.publicspeaking

D.pressure

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Actinglikeperformersspoilsthemessageinaspeech.

B.Perfectionofscriptsisnecessaryinmakinggoodimpressions.

C.Actingnaturallymeanslessdependenceonthepreparedscript.

D.Thereshouldbeabalancebetweenactualactingandactingnaturally.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Personalityisthekeytosuccessinpublicspeaking.

B.Extrovertsarebetterpublicspeakers.

C.Introvertshavetolearnhardertobegoodspeakers.

D.Factorsotherthanpersonalityensurebetterperformance.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.wasbothtoocasualandauthentic

B.wasactinglikeaperformer

C.waskeepingagoodbalance

D.wasawareofhisaudience

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.youforgetaboutyournervousness

B.youfeelnaturalandspeaknaturally

C.youmayfeelnervous,butappearnaturally

D.youmayimagineyourselftobenatural

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.推理判斷題。題干：文章第二段的“this”指的是___________。第一段說(shuō)到演講使很多人望而卻步。首先是因?yàn)楹π撸浯问呛ε略诒娙嗣媲奥睹娑覔?dān)心不能吸引聽(tīng)眾。女人尤其討厭演講，因?yàn)榕⒆訌男【透惺艿礁鞣N公開(kāi)露面的壓力。然后定位到文章第二段Mostpeoplehaveplentyofinsecurities,andthisseemslikeasituationthatwillbringthemout.（很多人都有較強(qiáng)的不安全感，這項(xiàng)活動(dòng)似乎可以引發(fā)人們的不安全感。），根據(jù)上下文可知，指示代詞this指代本篇主題：公開(kāi)演講。所以本題的正確選項(xiàng)是C“公開(kāi)演講”。

2.推理判斷題。題干：以下哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)不是作者的觀點(diǎn)________。第四段第三句話Actualacting,asinperformingthescriptedlinesofacharacterotherthanyourself,doesnotdothejob.像真正的演員那樣表演，就像是在念別人的臺(tái)詞而不是你自己的臺(tái)詞一樣，往往是行不通的。對(duì)應(yīng)A選項(xiàng)“表演得像演員一樣會(huì)破壞演講中的信息”的內(nèi)容。第五段第一句話Likewise,theincrediblyperfectspeechesofmanyAmericanacademicsarefarfromnatural.Youmayendupbuyingtheirbookonthewayout,butsoonafterwards,itismuchlikefastfood,andyougetanamelesssensethatyou’vebeencheated.（同樣地，許多美國(guó)學(xué)者的完美地不可思議的演講都極不自然。你可能會(huì)在聽(tīng)完演講后買(mǎi)他們的書(shū)，但是很快，你會(huì)有一種莫名的上當(dāng)受騙的感覺(jué)，就像吃完快餐食品后的感覺(jué)一樣。聽(tīng)完許多完美地不可思議的演講后往往會(huì)有一種莫名的上當(dāng)受騙的感覺(jué)。），說(shuō)明太完美的內(nèi)容讓演講不自然，和B選項(xiàng)“為了給人留下好印象，完美的劇本是必要的”表達(dá)的意思不符合，所以本題應(yīng)該選擇B選項(xiàng)。第六段的第二句話Ascriptrarelyworksanditisusedtohelpmostspeakers.（但是稿子很少能起作用，它只是大多數(shù)演講者的拐杖而已。）和C選項(xiàng)“自然的表演意味著少依賴(lài)準(zhǔn)備好的劇本”內(nèi)容對(duì)應(yīng)，綜合以上，可以推斷出即使是精心準(zhǔn)備的演講也不一定能夠博得聽(tīng)眾的好感，所以D選項(xiàng)“在真實(shí)的表演和自然的表演之間應(yīng)該有一個(gè)平衡。”也是正確的。綜上所述，本題的正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。

3.推理判斷題。題干：關(guān)于個(gè)性，哪一項(xiàng)是作者的觀點(diǎn)？通過(guò)第四段第一句話Infact,personalityisnotthebestpredictorofwhodoesitwell.（事實(shí)上，性格并不能最準(zhǔn)確地預(yù)測(cè)出一個(gè)人能否成功。），可推斷出A選項(xiàng)“性格是成功演講的關(guān)鍵”錯(cuò)誤。通過(guò)第三段第一句話Whileextrovertswillfeellessfearbeforetheordeal,itdoesnotmeantheywillnecessarilydoitbetter.Someveryshypeoplemanagetoshine.（性格外向的人在這種折磨下比性格內(nèi)向的人感受到的恐懼要小些，但這并不意味著他們一定會(huì)比性格內(nèi)向的人做得更好。有些很害羞的人也能成功得使自己脫穎而出。）可推斷出B選項(xiàng)“外向的人是更好的公眾演說(shuō)家”錯(cuò)誤，和C選項(xiàng)“內(nèi)向的人要想成為優(yōu)秀的演講者必須更加努力學(xué)習(xí)”錯(cuò)誤。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞personality定位到第四段：Infact，personalityisnotthebestpredictorofwhodoesitwell．Regardlessofwhatyouarelikeinreallife，thekeyseemstobetoactyourself．（人的性格并非做好演講的最好標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，關(guān)鍵在于其他因素。）。綜上所述，本題D選項(xiàng)“人格之外的因素保證了更好的表現(xiàn)”正確。

4.推理判斷題。題干：當(dāng)提起R.D.Laing時(shí)，作者暗示________。通過(guò)題干關(guān)鍵詞“R.D.Laing”定位到第八段Hebehavedlikeaseriouslyoddperson,talkingoffthetopofhishead.Althoughhewastalkingaboutmadnessandhewroteonmentalillness,heseemedtobeexhibitingratherthanexplainingit.（當(dāng)他即興發(fā)言的時(shí)候表現(xiàn)地好像個(gè)十足的怪人。盡管他那天談?wù)摰氖怯嘘P(guān)瘋狂的話題，而且他的文章寫(xiě)的是精神病，他看起來(lái)就像是在表演而不是在進(jìn)行解釋。），因此R.D.Laing在演講時(shí)更多的是在表演，是在作秀，故B選項(xiàng)“表現(xiàn)得像個(gè)表演者”為正確答案。其他三項(xiàng)在文中均未提及，排除。

5.推理判斷題。題干：在最后一段，作者建議_________。定位到文章最后一段，Thebestpsychologicalplacefromwhichtospeakisanunselfconsciousself-consciousness,providingtheillusionofbeingnatural.（演講時(shí)的最佳心理狀態(tài)是無(wú)意識(shí)的自我意識(shí)，從而獲得表現(xiàn)自然的幻覺(jué)。），所以本題的正確答案是D選項(xiàng)“你可以想象自己是自然的”，A選項(xiàng)“你會(huì)忘記你的緊張”，文章并沒(méi)有暗示演講時(shí)會(huì)忘記你的緊張，所以A選項(xiàng)排除，B選項(xiàng)“你感覺(jué)自然，說(shuō)話自然”，最后一段表達(dá)的意思是，心里狀態(tài)要自然，并沒(méi)有提及說(shuō)話需不需要自然，所以B選項(xiàng)排除，C選項(xiàng)“你可能會(huì)感到緊張，但要表現(xiàn)得自然”文章表達(dá)的是要克服緊張的心里情緒，所以C選項(xiàng)也不正確，綜上所述，本題的正確答案為D選項(xiàng)。

7.單選題

QuestionsgrewoverSilvioBerlusconi’sabilitytoholdhiscoalitiontogether,afterheonlynarrowlywonavoteof（）inthelowerhouseofItaly’sparliament.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.confidence

B.account

C.thanks

D.support

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)confidence“信心，信任，秘密”；B選項(xiàng)account“賬戶，解釋?zhuān)~目，賬單，理由，描述”；C選項(xiàng)thanks“謝謝”；D選項(xiàng)support“支持，幫助，支撐物，支撐，扶持，物質(zhì)援助，安慰”。句意：西爾維奧?貝盧斯科尼(SilvioBerlusconi)在意大利議會(huì)下院僅以微弱優(yōu)勢(shì)贏得一票支持后，人們對(duì)他維持聯(lián)盟團(tuán)結(jié)的能力產(chǎn)生了質(zhì)疑。avoteofsupport投票支持，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Thisbookshouldbewell-recommendedwithinthe（

）ofanyonewhohasstudiedEnglishforfouryears.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.possession

B.competence

C.confidence

D.qualification

【答案】D

【解析】名詞辨析。句意:應(yīng)向?qū)W過(guò)四年英語(yǔ)的人力薦這本書(shū)。

possession:擁有，所有,個(gè)人財(cái)產(chǎn)。competence:能力，勝任,本領(lǐng)。confidence:信心。qualification:資格，條件。

9.單選題

Everybodylovesafatpayrise.Yetpleasureatyourowncanvanishifyoulearnthatacolleaguehasbeengivenabiggerone.Indeed,ifhehasareputationforslacking,youmightevenbeoutraged.Suchbehaviorisregardedas“alltoohuman”,withtheunderlyingassumptionthatotheranimalswouldnotbecapableofthisfinelydevelopedsenseofgrievance.ButastudybySarahBrosnanandFransdeWaalofEmoryUniversityinAtlanta,Georgia,whichhasjustbeenpublishedinNature,suggeststhatitisalltoomonkey,aswell.

Theresearchersstudiedthebehavioroffemalebrowncapuchinmonkeys.Theylookcute.Theyaregood-natured,co-cooperativecreatures,andtheysharetheirfoodreadily.Aboveall,liketheirfemalehumancounterparts,theytendtopaymuchcloserattentiontothevalueof“goodandservices”thanmales.

SuchcharacteristicsmakethemperfectcandidatesforDr.Brosnan’sandDr.deWaal’sstudy.Theresearchersspenttwoyearsteachingtheirmonkeystoexchangetokensforfood.Normally,themonkeyswerehappyenoughtoexchangepiecesofrockforslicesofcucumber.However,whentwomonkeyswereplacedinseparatebutadjoiningchambers,sothateachcouldobservewhattheotherwasgettinginreturnforitsrock,theirbehaviorbecamemarkedlydifferent.

Intheworldofcapuchins,grapesareluxurygoods(andmuchpreferabletocucumbers).Sowhenonemonkeywashandedagrapeinexchangeforhertoken,thesecondwasreluctanttohandhersoverforamerepieceofcucumber.Andifonereceivedagrapewithouthavingtoprovidehertokeninexchangeatall,theothereithertossedherowntokenattheresearcheroroutofthechamber,orrefusedtoacceptthesliceofcucumber.Indeed,themerepresenceofagrapeintheotherchamber(withoutanactualmonkeytoeatit)wasenoughtoinduceresentmentinafemalecapuchin.

Theresearcherssuggestthatcapuchinmonkeys,likehumans,areguidedbysocialemotions.Inthewild,theyareaco-operative,group-livingspecies.Suchco-operationislikelytobestableonlywheneachanimalfeelsitisnotbeingcheated.Feelingsofrighteousindignation,itseems,arenotthepreserveofpeoplealone.Refusingalesserrewardcompletelymakesthesefeelingsabundantlycleartoothermembersofthegroup.However,whethersuchasenseoffairnessevolvedindependentlyincapuchinsandhumans,orwhetheritstemsfromthecommonancestorthatthespecieshad35millionyearsago,is,asyet,anunansweredquestion.

1.Intheopeningparagraph,theauthorintroduceshistopicby______.

2.Thestatement“itisalltoomonkey”(Lastline,paragraph1)impliesthat______.

3.Femalecapuchinmonkeyswerechosenfortheresearchmostprobablybecausetheyare______.

4.Dr.BrosnanandDr.deWaalhaveeventuallyfoundintheirstudythatthemonkeys______.

5.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.posingacontrast

B.justifyinganassumption

C.makingacomparison

D.explainingaphenomenon

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.monkeysarealsooutragedbyslackingrivals

B.resentingunfairnessisalsomonkey’snature

C.monkeys,likehumans,tendtobejealousofeachother

D.noanimalsotherthanmonkeyscandevelopsuchemotions

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.moreinclinedtoweighwhattheyget

B.attentivetoresearchers’instructions

C.niceinbothappearanceandtemperament

D.moregenerousthantheirmalecompanions

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.prefergrapestocucumbers

B.canbetaughttoexchangethings

C.willnotbeco-operativeiffeelingcheated

D.areunhappywhenseparatedfromothers

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Monkeyscanbetrainedtodevelopsocialemotions.

B.Humanindignationevolvedfromanuncertainsource.

C.Animalsusuallyshowtheirfeelingsopenlyashumansdo.

D.Cooperationamongmonkeysremainsstableonlyintheworld.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“開(kāi)篇作者是通過(guò)什么方法切入主題？”。首段舉出人們對(duì)加薪不等的事情會(huì)氣憤，說(shuō)這種行為是“人類(lèi)化的”(alltoohuman)，但現(xiàn)在有研究表明這種行為也是“猴子化的”(alltoomonkey)行為。這里對(duì)這種行為的兩種可能的屬性進(jìn)行類(lèi)比以引出全文的主題；B項(xiàng)“證實(shí)一種假設(shè)”，原文提出的假定原本是人與猴不一樣，所以該項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；D項(xiàng)“解釋一種現(xiàn)象”，這個(gè)說(shuō)法不能夠?qū)㈤_(kāi)頭和主題的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系結(jié)合起來(lái)。另外根據(jù)第二段第二行l(wèi)iketheirfemalehumancounterparts（就像女性人類(lèi)一樣）可知，這是比較的相同點(diǎn)；A項(xiàng)“指出對(duì)比”和C項(xiàng)“做出對(duì)照”看起來(lái)都是對(duì)的，但是A項(xiàng)里面的contrast是指不同處的比較，comparison是指相同處的比較，因此該題C選項(xiàng)正確。

2.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干意思是“第一段最后一行的句子itisalltoomoney暗示什么？”。先找到alltoohuman的是什么行為，根據(jù)第二句Yetpleasureatyourowncanvanishifyoulearnthatacolleaguehasbeengivenabiggerone.（然而，如果你得知一位同事的工資比你高，你自己的快樂(lè)就會(huì)消失）和第三句Indeed,ifhehasareputationforslacking,youmightevenbeoutraged.（事實(shí)上，如果他以懶散著稱(chēng)，你甚至可能會(huì)感到憤怒）可以推斷出，人類(lèi)對(duì)不公平的待遇會(huì)憤怒；最后一句提到有研究表明猴子也有這種行為，稱(chēng)為alltoomonkey；因此alltoomonkey暗示對(duì)不公平的憎恨猴子也會(huì)。A項(xiàng)“猴子也會(huì)被懶散的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手激怒”，文中只是提到人會(huì)被懶散的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手激怒，沒(méi)有說(shuō)動(dòng)物也會(huì)被懶散的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手激怒，所以不選；C項(xiàng)“猴子和人一樣，也會(huì)彼此嫉妒”是干擾項(xiàng)，文中的主題是告訴大家猴子和人一樣對(duì)不公平也會(huì)憤怒；D項(xiàng)“除了猴子沒(méi)有動(dòng)物能夠培養(yǎng)出這樣的感情”，文中沒(méi)有提到其他動(dòng)物，所以不選。因此該題只有B選項(xiàng)正確。

3.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干意思是“選擇雌性卷尾猴作為研究對(duì)象，很可能是因?yàn)樗鼈兇_實(shí)是……？”。第二段最后一句提到liketheirfemalehumancounterparts,theytendtopaymuchcloserattentiontothevalueof“goodsandservices”thanmales.（和人類(lèi)女性一樣，它們往往比男性更關(guān)注“商品和服務(wù)”的價(jià)值），可知雌性猴子比雄性猴子更會(huì)權(quán)衡。B項(xiàng)“注意研究員的指示”，沒(méi)提到，所以不選；C項(xiàng)“漂亮且性情溫和”，第二段確實(shí)提到了雌性猴子可愛(ài)且性情溫和，但是這不是它們會(huì)被作為研究對(duì)象的原因，是因?yàn)樗鼈兒腿祟?lèi)女性一樣對(duì)價(jià)值的權(quán)衡才是研究的原因；D項(xiàng)“比雄性伙伴更大方”也未提及。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“Brosnan博士和deWaal博