考研考博-英語-懷化學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-懷化學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

（

）foryourhelp,we’dneverhavebeenabletogetoverthedifficulties.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Haditnot

B.Ifitwerenot

C.Haditnotbeen

D.Ifwehadnotbeen

【答案】C

【解析】考查虛擬語氣倒裝。當(dāng)虛擬條件句的謂語動詞含有were、should、had時，if可省略，而將were、should、had等詞置于句首，構(gòu)成倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。

句意：如果沒有你的幫助，我們永遠(yuǎn)也無法克服這些困難。

2.單選題

Hardy’sweakness（）hisapparentinabilitytocontrolthecomingsandgoingsoftheseimpulsesandfromhisunwillingnesstocultivateandsustaintheenergeticandriskyones.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.layin

B.gaveriseto

C.shedlighton

D.derivedfrom

【答案】D

【解析】動詞詞組辨析。liein“躺在”；giveriseto“引起”；shedlighton“使清楚地顯出；derivefrom“源自”。句意：哈代的缺點(diǎn)一方面源于沒有能力控制好各種不同的創(chuàng)作沖動，另一方面源于他不愿意去培養(yǎng)和保持那些充滿活力和冒險(xiǎn)的想法。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

3.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Theideahasreignedforyearsthattheagingbrain’sneuronsdieoffbyasmanyas100,000aday—takingwiththemlife’scherishedmemories.But,infactneuron-biologistssuchasAlanPetersofBostonUniversityhaveshowninrecentstudiesthat,whilebraincellsmayshrinkinoldage,theydon’tdieoffinlargenumbers.

What’smore,sayneuroscientists,it’sprimarilythebrain’s“hardware”—thebillionsoftelephone-line-likeconnectionsandrelayswitcheswhichactasprocessingequipment—thatisvulnerabletowearingoutwithage.Thebrain’s“software”—theactualinformationthatfillsupthemindoveralifetime—doesn’tnecessarilydeteriorate.Ifanything,itcangrowmoresophisticated.So,justasrunningthelatestsoftwareprogramonanoldcomputerwilltakemoretimeandmayinvolvesometrouble,onecarstillpossessafirst-rateintelligencewhilelosingsomecognitivespeedlaterinlife.

Whenmentalabilitiesdopasstheirpeak,memoryisn’tthefirsttogo,Powellandotherssay.It’susuallythebrain’scapacitytomakesenseofspatialrelationships—map-readingorfindingyourcaratthemall—whichmaybegintogetdifficultinyour40s.

Adecadelater,theabstractreasoningrequiredtomakeanalogiesdipsdownward.Nexttodropis“verbalmemoryafterdelay”—rememberingdetailsofastoryafterhavingturnedattentiontoothertasks.Butsomementalskills,suchastheabilitytoconcentrateorcalculatemath,seemtoremainsturdylongintooldage.And“procedural”memory—howtoplaygolforrideabike—isusuallynottouchedbyaging.

Even“common”memoryloss,however,shouldn’tbeconsiderednormal.Itcouldbetreatable.NeurologistsatHarvardarefindingthat,laterinlife,thebrainoftenproduceslessacetylcholine(乙酰膽堿),aneurotransmitterinvolvedinmemory.Tentativeresultssuggestthatdrugscouldmimicthemissingchemical.Atleastadozenothersubstancesarealsobeingstudiedaspotentialmemoryboosters.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whenweareold________.

2.Accordingtotheneuroscientists,theinformationinourmind________.

3.Theneuroscientistscompareourbrainwithcomputertoshowthat________.

4.Accordingtothepassage,atwhatagedoourbrainsworkbest?

5.Whatmighthappenwhenweareinour50s?

6.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthispassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ourbrainneuronsdieoffveryquickly

B.ourbrainneuronsdonotdieatall

C.ourbrainneuronsmaybecomesmaller

D.ourbrainneuronstakeawayourcherishedmemories

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.iseasytobelostatoldages

B.doesnotchangeatoldages

C.wearsouteasilywithage

D.canbemorecomplicatedatoldages

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.whenpeoplegetold,theirbrainsworkslowlyasoldmachines

B.humanbeingsareasintelligentascomputers

C.thestructureofourbrainsisverycomplicated

D.agreatdealofinformationcanbestoredinourbrains

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Whenweareyoungerthanthirty.

B.Whenweareaboutforty.

C.Whenweareoverfifty.

D.Whenweareveryold.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Webegintoforgetwherewehaveputourthings.

B.Webegintohavedifficultyinexplainingwhytwothingsarealike.

C.Webegintoforgetthemessagethatwehavebeentold.

D.Webegintoforgethowtooperateamachine.

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.HowToKeepOurMemoriesAtOldAges

B.MemoriesGoesFirstWhenWeAreOld

C.ExploringTheMythOfOurMemory

D.HowToStayMentallyAlert

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:B

第6題:C

【解析】第1題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第一段最后一句...whilebraincellsmayshrinkinoldage,theydon’tdieoffinlargenumbers.（……雖然我們的腦細(xì)胞會在晚年萎縮，但是并不會出現(xiàn)大量死亡的現(xiàn)象）從這句可知腦細(xì)胞不會很快速地死亡，也不是不會死亡只是小范圍地死亡，所以A選項(xiàng)“我們的腦細(xì)胞會很快的死亡”和B選項(xiàng)“我們的腦細(xì)胞完全不會死亡”錯誤；D選項(xiàng)“我們的腦細(xì)胞帶走珍貴的會議”不符合邏輯，因?yàn)槭悄X細(xì)胞的死亡才會造成記憶缺失并不是腦細(xì)胞帶走我們的記憶。萎縮的細(xì)胞會要比普通細(xì)胞小。所以答案是C選項(xiàng)“我們的腦細(xì)胞可能會變小”。

第2題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。從題干定位到第二段倒數(shù)第二三句話Thebrain’s“software”—theactualinformationthatfillsupthemindoveralifetime—doesn’tnecessarilydeteriorate.Ifanything,itcangrowmoresophisticated.（大腦的“軟件”——一生中裝滿了大腦的實(shí)際信息——并不一定會退化。如果要說有什么的話，那就是它（腦細(xì)胞）變得更加復(fù)雜了）從這句話可知儲存著大腦信息的“軟件”不會退化，所以“軟件”里面的信息也不會輕易丟失，A選項(xiàng)“我們腦海的信息在老年的時候容易忘記”；B選項(xiàng)“我們腦海的信息在老年的時候也不會改變”C選項(xiàng)“我們腦海的信息在老年的時候容易磨損”錯誤；D選項(xiàng)“我們腦海的信息在老年的時候會變得復(fù)雜”正確。

第3題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第二段前面三句話it’sprimarilythebrain’s“hardware”—thebillionsoftelephone-line-likeconnectionsandrelayswitcheswhichactasprocessingequipment—thatisvulnerabletowearingoutwithage.Thebrain’s“software”—theactualinformationthatfillsupthemindoveralifetime—doesn’tnecessarilydeteriorate.Ifanything,itcangrowmoresophisticated.（主要是大腦的“硬件”——數(shù)十億充當(dāng)處理設(shè)備的像電話線一樣的連接和繼電器開關(guān)（的細(xì)胞）——很容易隨著年齡的增長而磨損。大腦的“軟件”——在一生中裝滿了大腦的實(shí)際信息——并不一定會退化。如果要說有什么的話，那就是它（腦細(xì)胞）變得更加復(fù)雜了。）隨著年齡的增長腦細(xì)胞里儲藏的信息變得復(fù)雜了，但是處理信息的細(xì)胞卻隨著年齡的增長老化，這一現(xiàn)象就很像一臺舊電腦運(yùn)行著最新的軟件，所以A選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)人們變老之后，我們大腦的工作會如同一臺舊電腦般運(yùn)行得緩慢”正確。B選項(xiàng)“人類像電腦一樣聰明”，這個說法不符合我們生活邏輯；C選項(xiàng)“我們大腦結(jié)構(gòu)非常復(fù)雜”和D選項(xiàng)“大量信息可以儲存在我們腦海中”文章沒有提及。

第4題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第三段Whenmentalabilitiesdopasstheirpeak,memoryisn’tthefirsttogo,Powellandotherssay.It’susuallythebrain’scapacitytomakesenseofspatialrelationships—map-readingorfindingyourcaratthemall—whichmaybegintogetdifficultinyour40s.（鮑威爾和其他生物學(xué)家說，當(dāng)腦力達(dá)到頂峰時，記憶力并不是最先消失的。（最先消失的）通常是大腦理解空間關(guān)系的能力——看地圖或在商場里找到你的車——在你40多歲的時候，這可能開始變得困難。）從beginto（開始）這個關(guān)鍵詞可知40歲的時候，我們的大腦開始走下坡路了，所以40歲時，我們大腦就處于巔峰狀態(tài)，因而答案選B。

第5題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第四段第二句話Adecadelater,theabstractreasoningrequiredtomakeanalogiesdipsdownward.（十年后，進(jìn)行類比所需要的抽象推理能力下降了。）分析兩件事的異同需要我們的抽象邏輯能力，所以B選項(xiàng)“我們解釋某兩件事的相似之處開始變得困難”正確，定位到最后一段第一句話Even“common”memoryloss,however,shouldn’tbeconsiderednormal.Itcouldbetreatable.（然而，即使是“普通的”失憶也不應(yīng)該被視為正常。它是可以治療的。）失憶不是正?，F(xiàn)象而且是可以治愈的，而A選項(xiàng)“我們開始忘記把東西放哪了”，C選項(xiàng)“我們開始忘記別人告訴我們的信息”，D選項(xiàng)“我們開始忘記怎么操作機(jī)械了”，這些都是關(guān)于失憶的現(xiàn)象的，所以A，C，D不選。

第6題:主旨大意題。文章全文都是在客觀地描述我們腦細(xì)胞隨著年齡的增長會出現(xiàn)什么情況，沒有告訴我們應(yīng)該去什么措施，所以A選項(xiàng)“怎么在老年的時候保持記憶”，以及D選項(xiàng)“怎樣保持機(jī)警”不選。B選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)我們老了，記憶排在第一位”雖然文中有提及，但是不是主題，而且這句話和文章內(nèi)容相對的，所以排除。文章內(nèi)容是根據(jù)記憶來展開的，第一段以人們的錯覺開頭，然后介紹了生物學(xué)家相關(guān)的實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證腦細(xì)胞和記憶的關(guān)系，然后描述隨著年齡的增長，記憶出現(xiàn)什么樣的情況，所以答案選C選項(xiàng)“探尋我們記憶之謎”。

4.單選題

Ifwedonotadopturgentmeasures,manyspecieswillbe（）inthenearfuture.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.distinguished

B.extinguished

C.distinct

D.extinct

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。distinguished“卓越的，著名的”；extinguished“熄滅的”；distinct“明顯的”，形容詞；extinct“滅絕的”。句子的主語是“物種”，因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

5.翻譯題

Directions:ReadthefollowingparagraphcarefullyandtranslateitintoChinese.

1.Uponlearningofthisculturalpreference,Hallmarkreactedquickly.EventhoughChineseandJapanesedescendantsofRomeoandJulietarenowabletobuygreetingcardsintheirnativelanguage,HallmarkhasmadesurethesupplyofgreetingcardsinEnglishisplentiful.Thus,theircustomerscanachievebothadisplayoftheirhipcosmopolitanflair,whilealsosendingtheirsweetiethatall-importantmessageofloveatthesametime.

2.Englishasalinguafrancaisnothingmorethanausefultool:itisa“l(fā)anguageforcommunication”,amediumthatisgivensubstancewiththedifferentnational,regional,localandindividualculturalidentitiesitsspeakersbringtoit.Englishitselfdoesnotcarrysuchidentities,anditisnota“l(fā)anguageforidentification”.AndbecauseofthevarietyoffunctionalusesofglobalEnglish,Englishhasalsoagreatpotentialforpromotinginternationalunderstanding.Itsdifferentspeakersmustalwaysworkoutacommonbehaviouralandinterculturalbasis.

【答案】1.在了解到這一文化偏好之后，霍爾馬克公司快速做出了反應(yīng)。盡管“羅密歐與朱麗葉”的中國和日本后裔現(xiàn)在都能買到母語賀卡，但霍爾馬克公司同時確保了英語賀卡的供應(yīng)充足。這樣，他們的顧客既可以展示他們時尚的世界性眼光，同時也可以向他們的愛人傳達(dá)最重要的愛的信息。

2.作為一種通用語，英語只不過是一種有用的工具:它是一種“交流的語言”，是一種由其使用者賦予了不同民族、地區(qū)、地方和個人文化特色的物質(zhì)媒體。英語本身并沒有這種身份，它也不是一種“身份識別語言”。而且，由于全球英語功能用法的多樣性，英語在促進(jìn)國際理解方面也具有巨大潛力。不同的使用者必須始終制定出一個共同的行為和跨文化基礎(chǔ)。

6.單選題

Itlookedlikeatypicalbusinessmeeting.Sixmen,neatlydressedinwhiteshirtsandtiesfiledintotheboardroomofasmallJakartacompanyandsatdownatalongtable.Butinsteadofconsultingfilesorhearingreports,theyclosedtheireyesandbegantomeditate,consultingthespiritsofancientJavanesekings.MysticismtouchesalmosteveryaspectoflifeinIndonesiaandbusinessisnoexception.Oneofthemeditatorssaidhisweeklymeditationsessionsareaimedmainlyatbringingthepeaceofmindthatmakesforgooddecision-making.Buttheinsightgainedfrommysticcommunicationwithspiritsofwisekingshasalsohelpedboosttheprofitsofhisfivecompanies.

Mysticismandprofitshavecometogethersincethe13thcenturyintroductionofIslamtoIndonesiabyIndianMoslemmerchants.Thosedevouttraders,called“WaliUllah”or“thoseclosetoGod”,energeticallyspreadbothtradeandreligionbyadaptingtheirappealstothenativemysticismofJava.LegendsattributemagicpowerofforeknowledgetotheWaliUllah.Thesepowerswerebelievedtobegainedthroughmeditationandfasting.

BusinessmanHadisikosaidhisgroupfastsandmeditatesallnighteveryThursdaytobecomeclosertoGodandtocontactthespiritsofthegreatmenofthepast.“Ifwewanttoemploysomeoneatthemanageriallevel,wemeditatetogetherandoftenthemessagecomesthatthismancan’tholeontomoneyorheisuntrustworthy.Ormaybethespiritswilltellusheshouldbehired.”Hadisikohastenedtoaddthathiscompaniesalsoholdmodernpersonnelmanagementsystemsandthatformalqualificationsareessentialforacandidateeventobeconsidered.Perspectiveinvestmentsalsoareconsideredthroughmysticmeditation.“Withthemindrelaxedandopen,itiseasiertobeobjectiveinjudgingtheriskofanewventure.Meditationandcontactwiththewisdomoftheoldleaderssharpensyourowninsightandintuition.Thenyouhavetoapplythatintuitiontotheinformationyouhaveandworkhardtobesuccessful.”Mysticmeditationhelpedreverseabusinessslidehiscompaniesexperiencedinthemid-1980.Operatingwithnormalbusinessprocedures,helostmorethan$3millionsinthatyearalone.Meditationbroughtbackhispeaceofmind.Puttingtherightpersonsintherightjobsandgainingconfidenceinhisbusinessdecisionswerethekeystoaturningaroundthathasbroughtexpansionandprofitability.ThemysticisminHandspike’sboardroomispartofagrowingmovementinIndonesiacalledKebatinan—the“searchfortheinnerself”.

Oneofhismanagers,YusufSoemado,whostudiedbusinessadministrationatHarvardUniversity,comparedtheideaofmysticmanagementtowesternsystemofpositivethinking.“Willpowerandsubconsciousmindarerecognizedasimportantfactorsinbusiness.Suchapproachesaspsycho-cybernetics,Carnegie’sthinkandgrowthrates,orthepowerofpositivethinkingarewesternattemptstotapthesamehigherintelligencethatwecontactthroughmeditation”,hesaid.

1.Whatisthemostimportantfactorintheirdoingbusiness?

2.Whomdotheyconsult?

3.WhydidHadisikohastentoadd“hiscompaniesalsoholdmodernpersonnelmanagementsystems”?

4.Accordingtothepassage,thefunctionofthemeditationis___.

5.Whatdoes“operatingwithnormalbusinessprocedures”referto?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Mysticism

B.Religion

C.Meditation

D.Investment

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.ThespiritsofancientJavanesekings

B.WaliUllah

C.OldKings

D.Carnegie

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.HethoughtMysticismwasnotsogoodasexpected.

B.Toshowtheytoofocusedonqualifications.

C.Toshowtheyhiredqualifiedpersons.

D.Toshowthepossibilityofcombinationofthescientificmanagementwithreligion.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.togainprofitfromthegod

B.togainpeaceofmindtomakedecision

C.togainforeknowledge

D.togainobjectiveconclusion

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Adoptingthewesternwayofdoingbusiness.

B.Ordinarywayofdoingbusinesswithoutmeditationandfasting.

C.ContactwithGod.

D.Puttingrightpersonsintherightjobs.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到第一段Itlookedlikeatypicalbusinessmeeting.Sixmen,neatlydressedinwhiteshirtsandtiesfiledintotheboardroomofasmallJakartacompanyandsatdownatalongtable.Butinsteadofconsultingfilesorhearingreports,theyclosedtheireyesandbegantomeditate,consultingthespiritsofancientJavanesekings.（這看起來像一個典型的商務(wù)會議。六名身穿白襯衫、打著領(lǐng)帶的男子魚貫進(jìn)入雅加達(dá)一家小公司的會議室，在一張長桌旁坐下。但他們并沒有查閱檔案或聽取報(bào)告，而是閉上眼睛，開始冥想，向古代爪哇國王的靈魂尋求幫助）由此得知在印尼，商人們經(jīng)營公司的方式很獨(dú)特，結(jié)合第三段BusinessmanHadisikosaidhisgroupfastsandmeditatesallnighteveryThursdaytobecomeclosertoGodandtocontactthespiritsofthegreatmenofthepast.“Ifwewanttoemploysomeoneatthemanageriallevel,wemeditatetogetherandoftenthemessagecomesthatthismancan’tholeontomoneyorheisuntrustworthy.（商人Hadisiko說，他的團(tuán)隊(duì)每周四都要禁食冥想一整夜，以便更接近上帝，與過去偉人的靈魂接觸?！叭绻覀兿肫刚埞芾韺拥娜耍覀儠黄鹚伎?，通常會得到這樣的信息：這個人守不住錢，或者他不值得信任）可以推測出印尼的商人做生意最重要的因素是冥想，選C選項(xiàng)“冥想”；A選項(xiàng)“神秘主義”，B選項(xiàng)“宗教”以及D選項(xiàng)“投資”都不符合原文。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

2.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“consult”定位到第一段Butinsteadofconsultingfilesorhearingreports,theyclosedtheireyesandbegantomeditate,consultingthespiritsofancientJavanesekings.（但他們并沒有查閱檔案或聽取報(bào)告，而是閉上眼睛，開始冥想，向古代爪哇國王的靈魂尋求幫助）可知選A選項(xiàng)“古爪哇國王的靈魂”；B選項(xiàng)“WaliUllah”，C選項(xiàng)“老國王”以及D選項(xiàng)“卡耐基”皆不符合原文。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

3.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“Hadisiko”定位到原文第三段Hadisikohastenedtoaddthathiscompaniesalsoholdmodernpersonnelmanagementsystemsandthatformalqualificationsareessentialforacandidateeventobeconsidered.（接著他匆忙補(bǔ)充說他的公司也采用現(xiàn)代人事管理系統(tǒng)，即要考慮雇傭的人員最根本的條件仍是正式資歷）可知選B選項(xiàng)“表明他們也關(guān)注資質(zhì)”；A選項(xiàng)“他認(rèn)為神秘主義不像預(yù)期的那么好”，C選項(xiàng)“顯示他們雇用了合格的人”以及D選項(xiàng)“展示科學(xué)管理與宗教結(jié)合的可能性”皆不符合原文。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

4.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第一段Oneofthemeditatorssaidhisweeklymeditationsessionsareaimedmainlyatbringingthepeaceofmindthatmakesforgooddecision-making.（其中一名冥想者說，他每周的冥想課程主要是為了帶來心靈的平靜，從而做出好的決定），以及第三段Perspectiveinvestmentsalsoareconsideredthroughmysticmeditation.“Withthemindrelaxedandopen,itiseasiertobeobjectiveinjudgingtheriskofanewventure.Meditationandcontactwiththewisdomoftheoldleaderssharpensyourowninsightandintuition…”（遠(yuǎn)景的投資也是通過神秘的沉思加以考慮。“有著放松和開放的頭腦，易于客觀地判斷新投資的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。沉思和與過去領(lǐng)袖的接觸會使你的洞察力和感官變得敏銳……”）可以推測出冥想的功能是讓人變得平靜，以至做出更好的決定，選B選項(xiàng)“得到冷靜頭腦來決策”；A選項(xiàng)“從神那里獲得利益”，C選項(xiàng)“獲得預(yù)知”和D選項(xiàng)“獲得客觀結(jié)論”和原文不符。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

5.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“operatingwithnormalbusinessprocedures”定位到第三段Operatingwithnormalbusinessprocedures,helostmorethan$3millionsinthatyearalone.Meditationbroughtbackhispeaceofmind.（神秘冥想幫助扭轉(zhuǎn)了他的公司在1980年中期經(jīng)歷的業(yè)務(wù)下滑的局勢。按照正常的業(yè)務(wù)流程，他僅在那一年就損失了300多萬美元），結(jié)合第一段Butinsteadofconsultingfilesorhearingreports,theyclosedtheireyesandbegantomeditate,consultingthespiritsofancientJavanesekings.（但他們并沒有查閱檔案或聽取報(bào)告，而是閉上眼睛，開始冥想，向古代爪哇國王的靈魂尋求幫助）可知“正常業(yè)務(wù)流程操作”應(yīng)表示不冥想不禁食，選B選項(xiàng)“沒有沉思和齋戒的常規(guī)做生意”；A選項(xiàng)“采用西方經(jīng)營方式”屬于過度推測，原文并沒有明確表示該觀點(diǎn)；C選項(xiàng)“與上帝接觸”，D選項(xiàng)“把合適的人放在合適的崗位上”不符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Freshwaterisafiniteandvulnerableresource,essentialtosustainlife,developmentandtheenvironment.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.likelytofail

B.likelytoaccumulate

C.likelytoimprove

D.likelytoenhance

【答案】A

【解析】考查上下文語義。A選項(xiàng)likelytofail“可能會失敗”；B選項(xiàng)likelytoaccumulate“可能會積累”；C選項(xiàng)likelytoimprove“可能會改善”；D選項(xiàng)likelytoenhance“可能會提高”。句意：淡水是有限和____的資源，對維持生命、發(fā)展和環(huán)境至關(guān)重要。根據(jù)句意，該詞形容的是“淡水資源”，說明淡水的特性，A選項(xiàng)最符合語境，原文vulnerable“易受傷害的；脆弱的”。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為A。

8.單選題

Howmightwestabilizethecompositionoftheatmosphere?Thatquestionloomslargeintheeyesofscientistsandpoliticalleadersasthelevelsofcarbondioxidegrow.Carbondioxideandmethanehavelonglivesintheatmosphereand,oncetheyarethere,Earthmaybedestinedtobecomewarmer.Ifwefindthattheclimateisbecomingtoowarm,thereisnoeasyorrapidwaytoremovethegasesandreturntoanearlierclimatepattern.

Wemaybeabletocontrolfossilfueluseandratesofdeforestation,butthereisnodirectwaytocontroltheaccelerationofdecayexceptbystoppingthewarming.Tostabilizethecompositionoftheatmosphereimmediately,wewouldhavetocutpresentreleaseabout4billiontonsofcarbonannually.Itisnotnowpossibletoaccomplishthiswithoutreducingbothdeforestationandourconsumptionoffossilfuels.

Mostscientistsbelievethatifimmediateglobalactionisnottaken,therapidincreasesofatmosphericcarbonfromdecaywillexceedthereductionsmadepossiblethroughcontroloffossilfueluseandmanagementofforests.In1990,theUnitedNationsgatheredmanyscientistsfromaroundtheworldtoreviewtheseissues.Thisgroup,theIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange,concludedthatanimmediate60percentreductioninfossilfuelusewouldbenecessary.ButbyApril1992,nonationhadacceptedthegoal,thoughseveralhadrecognizedaneedforreducingemissionsby20percent.

AttheEarthSummitinJune1992,leadersfrommostindustrializednationsagreedinprincipletoreturntoearlierlevelsofcarbondioxideemissions—thoughoppositionfromtheUnitedStatespreventedthemfromagreeingtospecifictargetsforemissions,asmanyscientistshadhoped.Theleadersalsoagreedtoassistdevelopingnationsinlimitingtheirreleasesofgreenhousegases.

Humanbeingsareonlyoneofmillionsoforganismssufficientlydifferentoneanothertoberecognizedasspecies.Untilthe1980s,scientistsestimatedthattherewerebetween3millionand10millionspeciesonEarth.Then,scientistsbegantoexaminepopulationsofinsectslivinginthehighfoliageoftreesintropicalforest,andtheexperiencecausedthemtoincreasetheirestimateto30millionspecies.Afterscientistsbegantoconsiderthepopulationsofmicroorganismsinthetropics,theupperlimitoftheirestimatesroseto10(Jmillionspecies.Weshallprobablyneverhaveanaccuratecountofthedifferentkindsoforganismsthatshareourplanet.

Wedoknow,however,thatthesespecies—plantsandanimalstogether—keeptheplanetfunctioningasahabitatsuitableforall.WealsoknowthathumanactivitiesarereducingboththenumbersofspeciesonEarthandthepotentialoflandandwaterforsupportingthem.Thisprocessiscommonlycalledbioticimpoverishment—thelossoftherichbiologicalofEarth.

1.Thereasonwhyitisnoteasytocorrectglobalwarmingisthat（

）.

2.Tostoptheglobalwarming,wehaveto

（

）.

3.Itisimpliedthat,atthe1992EarthSummit,

（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutspeciesonearth?

5.Thetextismainlyabout（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.mostscientistsandpoliticalleadershavenotawakenedtotheseverityoftheproblem

B.deforestationisrampantinmanypartsoftheworld

C.thereisnoeasywaytorestoretheatmospheretoitsnormalstateoncedamaged

D.theUnitedStatesisunwillingtocutdownonitscarbondioxideemissions

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.cutbothdeforestationanduseoffossilfuels

B.removecarbondioxidefromtheatmosphere

C.findanewsourceofenergyotherthanfossilfuel

D.cutpresentreleasesto4billiontonsofcarbonayear

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.manyscientistshadhopedspecifictargetsforemissionsmightbereached

B.theU.S.showeditsunwillingnesstoreducethelevelofcarbondioxideemissions

C.severalcountrieshadrecognizedaneedforreducingemissionsby20percent

D.mostcountriespromisedtocuttheircarbondioxideemissionstoearlierlevels

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Thereareabout100millionofthemonearth.

B.Aboutonethirdofthemarefoundintropicalforest.

C.Thehumanpopulationhaswellexceededthatofotherspecies.

D.Humanandotherspeciesarecloselylinkedforsurvival.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.thesurvivalofdiversespeciesonearth

B.thepreventionofglobalwarming

C.thebioticimpoverishment

D.thecompositionoftheatmosphere

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段中的thereisnoeasyorrapidwaytoremovethegasesandreturntoanearlierclimatepattern（沒有一種簡單或快速的方法可以清除這些氣體并恢復(fù)到早期的氣候模式）可知選C。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第二段中的Tostabilizethecompositionoftheatmosphereimmediately,wewouldhavetocutpresentreleaseabout4billiontonsofcarbonannually.Itisnotnowpossibletoaccomplishthiswithoutreducingbothdeforestationandourconsumptionoffossilfuels.（為了立即穩(wěn)定大氣的成分，我們必須每年減少約40億噸的碳排放?，F(xiàn)在要做到這一點(diǎn)，就必須同時減少森林砍伐和化石燃料的消耗）可知選A。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第四段中的leadersfrommostindustrializednationsagreedinprincipletoreturntoearlierlevelsofcarbondioxideemissions（大多數(shù)工業(yè)化國家的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人原則上同意恢復(fù)到早先的二氧化碳排放水平）可知D選項(xiàng)“大多數(shù)國家承諾將其二氧化碳排放量削減到早先的水平”符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。由文章最后一段中的Wedoknow,however,thatthesespecies—plantsandanimalstogether—keeptheplanetfunctioningasahabitatsuitableforall.WealsoknowthathumanactivitiesarereducingboththenumbersofspeciesonEarthandthepotentialoflandandwaterforsupportingthem.（然而，我們知道，植物和動物這些物種一起使地球作為一個適合所有人的棲息地發(fā)揮作用。我們還知道，人類活動正在減少地球上物種的數(shù)量，以及可供它們使用的土地和水資源）可知D選項(xiàng)“人類和其他物種的生存息息相關(guān)”符合題意。

5.主旨大意題。文章主要討論了全球變暖的問題以及需要采取的措施，因此B選項(xiàng)“防止全球變暖”符合題意。

9.單選題

Herman'ssuccessisduetohishardworkandhisabilityto（）planswhichwillgetworkdoneefficiently.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.formulate

B.fulfil

C.approve

D.flourish

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.formulate制訂；規(guī)劃B.fulfil實(shí)現(xiàn)（夢想），履行（職責(zé)，義務(wù)等）

C.approve贊成，同意D.flourish繁榮，昌盛

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】動詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)句意“赫爾曼的成功是由于他的努力工作和他______計(jì)劃的能力”，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)詞義可知，空格處表示“制定”符合句意，所以該題選擇A項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D項(xiàng)不符合句意。

【句意】赫爾曼的成功是由于他的努力工作和他制定計(jì)劃的能力，這使工作有效地完成。

10.單選題

Afterdeliberatingforsevenhours,thejuryreachedamajority________of10to3infavorofthedefendant.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.declaration

B.conclusion

C.opinion

D.verdict

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“declaration”，意為“公告；宣告；申報(bào)（單）”；B選項(xiàng)“conclusion”，意為“結(jié)論；結(jié)局；推論”；C選項(xiàng)“opinion”，意為“意見；想法；（群體的）觀點(diǎn)，信仰”；D選項(xiàng)“verdict”，意為“（陪審團(tuán)的）裁定，裁決，裁斷”。句意：經(jīng)過7個小時的商議，陪審團(tuán)以10比3的多數(shù)__裁定__被告勝訴。本句表示“由陪審員經(jīng)過商議后得出的結(jié)論，所以應(yīng)該是裁定、裁決”。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

11.單選題

Mycenaestrandsonahillskirtedbytwodeepravines.Thesiteisanaturalstrongpoint,dominatingtheplainofArgos.Itwasfirstoccupiedabout3000B.C.,andanewsettlementwasmadeabout2000B.C.,whichisgenerallybelievedtobethetimewhenGreekspeakersarrivedinGreece.Thereisclearevidenceforasuddenincreaseintheimportanceandprosperityofthissettlementabout1600B.C.,twogravecircleshavebeenfound,oneinsidethelaterwallsandcontainingsixshaftgraves,excavatedbySchliemanninthe1870’s,theotherratherearlierindate,outsidethewalls,discoveredin1950.Thesegravescontainedamassofgoldandotherpreciousobjectsofgreatbeauty,includingimportfromMinoanCreteandEgypt.

ThepowerandwealthofMycenaeincreasedrapidly.TherewassoonauniformcultureinmainlandGreece,stretchingfromThessalyinthenorthtothesouthofthePeloponnesus,withpalacesatThebes,Athens,Mycenae,Tiryns,andPylosandprobablyatothersitesnotyetdiscovered.Althoughthepalacesweretheadministrativecentersofseparatekingdoms,itseemlikelythatMycenaewastheleading,ifnotthedominated,kingdom.From1500B.C.,thekingsofMycenaewereburiedinmassivestonetombsoutsidethewalls,ofwhichthelargest,theso-calledTreasuryofAtreus,isamagnificentarchitecturalachievement.About1450B.C.theAchaeans,astheGreeksoftheMycenaeanperiodwerecalled,invadedCreteanddestroyedalltheMinoanpalacesexceptKnossos,whichtheyoccupied.SucceedingtoandmadesettlementsontheislandsandinAsiaMinor.ThezenithofMycenaeanpowerandprosperitywasintheearlythirteenthcentury;inthisperiodwerebuiltthewalls,someofwhichstillstand,andtheliongate.Byabout1250B.C.,whenthedefenseswererenewedandimproved,thereisevidenceofdestructionoutsidethewalls.Tradedeclined;aperiodofupheavalanddeteriorationhadbegun.TheTrojanWaristhoughttohaveoccurredaboutthistime.ThetraditionaldateforthefallofTroyis1184B.C.,buttheAme