考研考博-英語-曲靖職業(yè)技術(shù)學院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇1

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-曲靖職業(yè)技術(shù)學院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第壹套一.全考點押題密卷-綜合訓練(共50題)1.單選題

Historianshaveonlyrecentlybeguntonotetheincreaseindemandforluxurygoodsandservicesthattookplacein18th-centuryEngland.McKendrickhasexploredtheWedgwoodfirm'sremarkablesuccessinmarketingluxurypottery;Plumbhaswrittenabouttheproliferationofprovincialtheaters,musicalfestivals,andchildren'stoysandbooks.Whilethefactofthisconsumerrevolutionishardlyindoubt,threekeyquestionsremain:Whoweretheconsumers?Whatweretheirmotives?Andwhatweretheeffectsofthenewdemandforluxuries?

Ananswertothefirstofthesehasbeendifficulttoobtain.Althoughithasbeenpossibletoinferfromthegoodsandservicesactuallyproducedwhatmanufacturesandservicingtradesthoughttheircustomerswanted,onlyastudyofrelevantpersonaldocumentswrittenbyactualconsumerswillprovideaprecisepictureofwhowantedwhat.Westillneedtoknowhowlargethisconsumermarketwasandhowfardownthesocialscaletheconsumerdemandforluxurygoodspenetrated.Withregardtothislastquestion,wemightnoteinpassingthatThompson,whilerightlyrestoringlaboringpeopletothestageof18th-centuryEnglishhistory,hasprobablyexaggeratedtheoppositionofthesepeopletotheinroadsofcapitalistconsumerismingeneral;forexample,laboringpeopleineighteenth-centuryEnglandreadilyshiftedfromhome-brewedbeertostandardizedbeerproducedbyhuge,heavilycapitalizedurbanbreweries.

Toanswerthequestionofwhyconsumersbecamesoeagertobuy,somehistorianshavepointedtotheabilityofmanufacturerstoadvertiseinarelativelyuncensoredpress.This,however,hardlyseemsasufficientanswer.McKendrickfavorsaVeblenmodelofconspicuousconsumptionstimulatedbycompetitionforstatus.The"middlingsort"boughtgoodsandservicesbecausetheywantedtofollowfashionssetbytherich.Again,wemaywonderwhetherthisexplanationissufficient.Donotpeopleenjoybuyingthingsasaformofself-gratification?Ifso,consumerismcouldbeseenasaproductoftheriseofnewconceptsofindividualismandmaterialism(apreoccupationwithorstressuponmaterialratherthanintellectualorspiritualthings),butnotnecessarilyofthefrenzyforconspicuouscompetition.

Finally,whatweretheconsequencesofthisconsumerdemandforluxuries?McKendrickclaimsthatitgoesalongwaytowardexplainingthecoiningoftheIndustrialRevolution.Butdoesit?What,forexample,doestheproductionofhigh-qualitypotteryandtoyshavetodowiththedevelopmentofironmanufactureortextilemills?Itisperfectlypossibletohavethepsychologyandrealityofaconsumersocietywithoutaheavyindustrialsector.

Thatfutureexplorationofthesekeyquestionsisundoubtedlynecessaryshouldnot,however,diminishtheforceoftheconclusionofrecentstudies:theinsatiabledemandineighteenth-centuryEnglandforfrivolousaswellasusefulgoodsandservicesforeshadowsourownworld.

1.Inthefirstparagraph,theauthormentionsMcKendrickandPlumbmostprobablyinorderto（）.

2.Whichofthefollowingitems,ifpreservedfrom18th-centuryEngland,wouldprovideanexampleofthekindofdocumentsmentionedinlines3-4,Paragraph2?

3.Accordingtothetext,Thompsonattributestolaboringpeoplein18th-centuryEnglandwhichofthefollowingattitudestowardcapitalistconsumerism?

4.Inthethirdparagraph,theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith（）.

5.Accordingtothetext,18th-centuryEnglandandthecontemporaryworldofthetextreadersare（）.

問題1選項

A.contrasttheirviewsonthesubjectofluxuryconsumerismin18th-centuryEngland

B.indicatetheinadequacyofhistoriographicalapproachesto18th-centuryEnglishhistory

C.giveexamplesofhistorianswhohavehelpedtoestablishthefactofgrowingconsumerismin18th-centuryEngland

D.supportthecontentionthatkeyquestionsabout18th-centuryconsumerismremaintobeanswered

問題2選項

A.Awrittenagreementbetweenasupplierofrawmaterialsandasupplierofluxurygoods.

B.Adiarythatmentionsluxurygoodsandservicespurchasedbyitsauthor.

C.Atheaterticketstampedwiththedateandnameofaparticularplay.

D.Apayrollrecordfromacompanythatproducedluxurygoodssuchaspottery.

問題3選項

A.Enthusiasm.

B.Curiosity.

C.Ambivalence.

D.Hostility.

問題4選項

A.contrastingtwothesesandofferingacompromise

B.questioningtwoexplanationsandproposingapossiblealternativetothem

C.paraphrasingtheworkoftwohistoriansandquestioningtheirassumptions

D.examiningtwotheoriesandendorsingoneovertheother

問題5選項

A.dissimilarintheextenttowhichluxuryconsumerismcouldbesaidtobewidespreadamongthesocialclasses

B.dissimilarintheirdefinitionsofluxurygoodsandservices

C.dissimilarintheextenttowhichluxurygoodscouldbesaidtobestimulantofindustrialdevelopment

D.similarintheirstrongdemandforavarietyofgoodsandservices

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:信息推斷題。根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容可知第一句為本段的中心句。作者列舉McKendrick和Plumb是為了說明他們做了相關的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)了人們對奢侈商品和服務需求的增加。所以選項C正確。

第2題:細節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)第二段的第二句“onlyastudyofrelevantpersonaldocumentswrittenbyactualconsumerswillprovideaprecisepictureofwhowantedwhat.”只有實際消費者寫的相關私人資料才能讓人精確掌握"他想要什么"。選項B符合原文。

第3題:信息推斷題。根據(jù)關鍵詞“Thompson”定位在第二段的后半部分“...,hasprobablyexaggeratedtheoppositionofthesepeopletotheinroadsofcapitalistconsumerismingeneral.”Thompson可能夸大了勞動人民對資本主義消費方式的抵抗情緒。所以選項D敵對的，符合原文。

第4題:信息歸納題。根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容可知，本段主要就“消費者為什么變得那么急于購物”的原因展開，作者提到兩個原因但給出了自己的質(zhì)疑，隨后給出自己的見解，即作者認為人們喜愛購物是一種自我滿足的形式。所以選項B正確。

第5題:信息推斷題。題干中的"thecontemporaryworld"與最后一段中的"ourownworld"同義。所以根據(jù)最后一段的最后一句“theinsatiabledemandineighteenth-centuryEnglandforfrivolousaswellasusefulgoodsandservicesforeshadowsourownworld.”18世紀英國對那些有用的瑣碎商品及服務的不知足預示了我們目前這個世界的特征。所以選項D共同點在于他們對不同商品的強烈追求，符合原文。

2.單選題

Thecourtconsidersafinancial____tobeanappropriatewayofpunishinghim.

問題1選項

A.payment

B.obligation

C.option

D.penalty

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析與上下文語義。A選項payment“應付的款項總額”；B選項obligation“義務；責任”；C選項option“選擇；選擇權(quán)”；D選項penalty“罰款；罰金”。句意：法院認為財務____是懲罰他的合適方法。根據(jù)“懲罰”推斷D選項“罰款”最符合句意。因此，本題最佳選項為D。

3.單選題

Theearlyuseofa[A]completesteelframefortoweringbuildings[B]appearedinthe[C]firstskyscraper,[D]builtonChicagoin1883.

問題1選項

A.complete

B.appeared

C.firstskyscraper

D.builton

【答案】D

【解析】【答案】D

【考查點】介詞的用法。

【解題思路】表達在某個城市時，應選用介詞in。因此應將D選項改為builtin。

【句意】1883年在芝加哥建造的第一座摩天大樓就使用了完整鋼框架。

4.單選題

Asthepost-EnronwaveofcorporatescandalswashedoverAmericalastyear,acommonresponseinEuropewas:itcouldn’thappenhere.Farfromhavingtheworld’sbest-policedmarkets,theUnitedStates,manyEuropeanpoliticiansclaimed,suffereduniquelyfromalethalcombinationofgreedyandoverpaidbosses:conflictedauditorsandinvestmentbankers,relianceonaccountingrulesnotprinciples,andanobsessionwithquarterlyprofitnumbers.InAmerica,asmanyas1,200companieshavebeenforcedtorestatetheiraccountsinthepastfiveyears,inEuropethenumberisbarelyindoubledigits.Soitisoutrageous,manyEuropeansnowargue,thatAmericaisseekingtoimposetheunwieldySarbanes-Oxleyact,passedinthewakeofEnron,onEuropeancompanieslistedinNewYork.

AsmoresensibleEuropeanregulatorsrecognize,thissmugnesswasneverjustified;itisonlynecessarytorecallscandalssuchasVivendiandElan.ButEurope’sclaimofimmunityfromcorporateslacknesshasnowbeenblownoutofthewaterbythisweek’srevelationsthatRoyalAholdoftheNetherlandsoverstateditsprofitsfor200-02byasmuchas$500m.Thecompany’sAmsterdam-basedauditors,Deloitte&Touche,failedtopicktheproblemsupin2001,eventhoughworriesaboutAhold’saccountswerewidelyexpressedinthemarketsformostoflastyear.TheDutchmarketregulatoradmittedthisweekthatithadnopowersofdisciplineoverfaultyauditing.

Whatabouttherelativenumbersofrestatements?BecauseAmerica’sGAAPaccountingsystemreliesonthousandsofpagesofrules,itismorevulnerabletomanipulationthanEurope’smoreprinciples-basedapproach.Butgiventhelargelynon-existentregulationofauditorsandthepoorcorporategovernanceprevalentinmuchofEurope:amoreplausibleconclusionisthatEuropehashadfeweraccountingscandalsthanAmericamainlybecausenobodyhasseriouslylookedforthem,notbecausetheyarenotthere.

ThisisnottosaythatEuropeshouldadoptSarbanes-Oxleyintoto.ThathastilydraftedlawwasdesignedforAmerica’sverydifferentsystem.Manyofthelaw’srulesonmanagersandboardsseemundulyintrusiveevenforAmerica.Butstatutoryindependentregulationofauditors,asprescribedbySarbanes-Oxley,makessenseeverywhere.Sodorulestostopaccountingfirmsdoingconsultingworkforauditclients:anditisalsoworthconsideringmandatoryrotationofauditors.

ThecaseforindependentregulationisthestrongerbecauseEuropeanUnioncompaniesareduetoadoptinternationalaccountingstandardsby2005.Itislittleusetakingthiswelcomesteptowardstougherstandards,whichtheEuropeansareurgingonAmericaintheinterestsofglobalharmonization,ifthereisnobodytooverseetherules.YettheEuropeanFederationofAccountantsadmitsthat,insixEUcountries,thereisineffectnoenforcementatall.

21.Whichoffollowingit’strueaccordingtoParagraph1?

22.Thephrase“intoto”inParagraph4mostprobablymeans（）.

23.IncontrasttoAmerican,Europe,incopingwithfaultycorporateauditing,wouldattachimportanceto（）.

24.Itseemthattheultimatesolutiontotheproblemofcorporatescandalsliesin（）.

25.Accordingtotheauthor,theEuropeancorporatesituationis（）.

問題1選項

A.ManyEuropeanpoliticianswouldboastofimmunityfromAmerica’scorporateills.

B.Manycompaniessufferedfromtheirabsoluterelianceuponaccountingrules.

C.ManyEuropeansprotestedagainstAmerica’sprinciplesimposeduponEuropeanfirms.

D.ManyEuropeanregulatorsrespondedsensiblytothewaveofcorporatescandals.

問題2選項

A.baseduponsensibility

B.followinginahaste

C.givenadifferencesystem

D.actinginasimilarfashion

問題3選項

A.ruleenforcement

B.reliableprinciples

C.justifiedprescription

D.frequentrestatements

問題4選項

A.theinterestsofglobalharmonization

B.theindependentregulationofauditors

C.theadoptionoftougherstandards

D.thesupervisionofconsultingwork

問題5選項

A.fairlyoptimistic

B.quitepromising

C.somewhatdepressing

D.veryastonishing

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】21.推理判斷題。定位在首句Asthepost-EnronwaveofcorporatescandalswashedoverAmericalastyear,acommonresponseinEuropewas:itcouldn’thappenhere.（關于去年安然公司的丑聞，歐洲人的共同反應是：這種情況不可能在歐洲發(fā)生。）以及原文中的舉例InAmerica,asmanyas1,200companieshavebeenforcedtorestatetheiraccountsinthepastfiveyears,inEuropethenumberisbarelyindoubledigits.（在美國，在過去的五年里，有1200家公司被迫重述他們的賬目，而在歐洲，這個數(shù)字僅僅是兩位數(shù)。）由此可以推論歐洲人都對自己國家很有信心。所以A選項“許多歐洲政客會吹噓可以免疫美國企業(yè)的弊病”正確。B選項“許多公司因完全依賴會計準則而蒙受損失”說法過于絕對，錯誤，C選項“許多歐洲人抗議美國強加給歐洲公司的原則”，由C選項可以定位到第一段的最后一句Soitisoutrageous,manyEuropeansnowargue,thatAmericaisseekingtoimposetheunwieldySarbanes-Oxleyact,passedinthewakeofEnron,onEuropeancompanieslistedinNewYork.（因此，許多歐洲人現(xiàn)在認為，美國正試圖把安然事件后通過的繁瑣的薩班斯-奧克斯利法案強加給在紐約上市的歐洲公司，這是令人氣憤的。）可知這只是一個想法，并未落實。因此C項不符合原文，錯誤。D選項“許多歐洲監(jiān)管機構(gòu)對公司丑聞浪潮做出了明智的反應”，根據(jù)原文acommonresponseinEuropewas:itcouldn’thappenhere.（歐洲人的共同反應是：這種情況不可能在歐洲發(fā)生。）可知歐洲人是有些太過肯定與自信的，不符合明智的這一說法，所以D錯誤。故選A。

22.詞義推測題。A選項“基于感性”，B選項“急忙仿效”，C選項“給出一個不同的系統(tǒng)”，D選項“以類似的方式行動的”。定位到原文ThisisnottosaythatEuropeshouldadoptSarbanes-Oxleyintoto.（這并不是說歐洲就應該……采取薩班斯-奧克斯利法案。），后一句ThathastilydraftedlawwasdesignedforAmerica’sverydifferentsystem.（這份匆忙起草的法律是為美國非常不同的體系設計的。）由此可知，作者認為這項法案只適用于美國，對歐洲而言，是不需要和美國一樣采取這項法案的。因此D選項符合題意。故選D。

23.客觀細節(jié)題。定位到原文BecauseAmerica’sGAAPaccountingsystemreliesonthousandsofpagesofrules,itismorevulnerabletomanipulationthanEurope’smoreprinciples-basedapproach.（因為美國的GAAP會計體系依賴于數(shù)千頁的規(guī)則，它比歐洲的更基于原則的方法更容易被操縱。）由此可知，歐洲相比于規(guī)則而言，更傾向于基于原則的方式。A選項“規(guī)則的執(zhí)行”，由關鍵句可知，美國才是更注重規(guī)則的執(zhí)行的，偷換主語，錯誤。B選項“可靠的原則”符合題意，正確。C選項“合理的處方”，D選項“頻繁的重述”，C，D選項在文中并未涉及，可排除。故選B。

24.推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文Butstatutoryindependentregulationofauditors,asprescribedbySarbanes-Oxley,makessenseeverywhere.（但是，《薩班斯-奧克斯利法》規(guī)定的對審計師的法定獨立監(jiān)管，在任何地方都是行得通的。）而且定位在最后一段的首句ThecaseforindependentregulationisthestrongerbecauseEuropeanUnioncompaniesareduetoadoptinternationalaccountingstandardsby2005.（獨立監(jiān)管的情況更強大，因為歐盟公司將于2005年采用國際會計準則。）由此可推出解決公司丑聞問題的最終辦法是對審計師的法定獨立監(jiān)管。所以B選項“對審計師的獨立監(jiān)管”正確。A選項“全球和諧的利益”在文中只是小部分陳述，與題意無關，可排除。C選項“采用更嚴格的標準”，根據(jù)原文Itislittleusetakingthiswelcomesteptowardstougherstandards,whichtheEuropeansareurgingonAmericaintheinterestsofglobalharmonization,ifthereisnobodytooverseetherules.（如果沒有人來監(jiān)督這些規(guī)則，朝著更嚴格的標準邁出這受歡迎的一步是沒有用的，歐洲為了全球協(xié)調(diào)的利益正敦促美國這樣做。）可知更嚴格的標準在無人監(jiān)督的情況下，也是無效的。因此可排除C選項。D選項“咨詢工作的監(jiān)督”，定位到原文Sodorulestostopaccountingfirmsdoingconsultingworkforauditclients:anditisalsoworthconsideringmandatoryrotationofauditors.（所以規(guī)定禁止會計師事務所為審計客戶提供咨詢服務也是值得考慮強制輪換審計人員的。）對咨詢工作的監(jiān)督只是其中的一類，不能作為最終的解決辦法。故選B。

25.推理判斷題。定位到原文Butgiventhelargelynon-existentregulationofauditorsandthepoorcorporategovernanceprevalentinmuchofEurope:amoreplausibleconclusionisthatEuropehashadfeweraccountingscandalsthanAmericamainlybecausenobodyhasseriouslylookedforthem,notbecausetheyarenotthere.（但是考慮到審計機構(gòu)的監(jiān)管基本上不存在，以及歐洲大部分地區(qū)普遍存在的糟糕的公司治理，所以有一個更可信的結(jié)論是，歐洲的會計丑聞比美國少，主要是因為沒有人認真地去尋找這些丑聞，而不是因為它們不存在。）而第一段開始時就有說到歐洲人一致認為這種事情絕對不可能在他們國家發(fā)生。由此可知歐洲公司的現(xiàn)狀是有些堪憂的。A選項“相當樂觀”，B選項“很有前途的”，C選項“有點令人沮喪”，D選項“非常驚人的”，因此C選項符合題意，故選C。

5.單選題

Sometimes,whilelivinginaforeigncountry,onecravesaspecialdishfromhome.

問題1選項

A.desires

B.eats

C.prepares

D.orders

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞義辨析。crave表示“渴望，懇求”；A項desire“想要，渴望”，B項eat“吃”，C項prepare“準備”，D項order“命令，下單”。句意：生活在異國他鄉(xiāng)時，有時會想吃家鄉(xiāng)的特色菜。因此A項正確。

6.單選題

Yourletterarrivedafterthefinaldateforapplication,（）wecan’tconsideryouforthisjob.

問題1選項

A.consequently

B.remarkably

C.fluently

D.alarmingly

【答案】A

【解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項consequently“因此，所以”；B選項remarkably“顯著地，非常地”；C選項fluently“流利地，通暢地”；D選項alarmingly“驚人地，讓人擔憂地”。句意：你的信到的時候已經(jīng)過了申請的最后期限，所以我們無法讓你做這份工作。后半句是前半句事情導致的結(jié)果，是因果關系，所以A選項Consequently“因此，所以”正確。因此A選項符合題意。

7.單選題

Itisquitenecessaryforaqualifiedteachertohavegoodmannersand（

）knowledge.

問題1選項

A.extensive

B.expansive

C.intensive

D.expensive

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。extensive“廣泛的，大量的”；expansive“廣闊的”；intensive“密集的，加強的”；expensive“昂貴的”。句意：一個合格的老師要有良好的修養(yǎng)和廣博的知識，這是非常重要的。選項A符合題意。

8.單選題

Theprofessorcouldhardlyfindsufficientgrounds______hisargumentsinfavorofthenewtheory.

問題1選項

A.whichtobaseon

B.onwhichtobase

C.tobebasedon

D.tobaseon

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查定語從句。句意：這位教授幾乎找不到足夠的根據(jù)來支持他的新理論。根據(jù)橫線到句尾是對sufficientgrounds進行修飾的定語從句，確定用引導詞which；根據(jù)短語basehisargumentsonthesesufficient，確定用介詞on，B選項onwhichtobase正確。A選項whichtobaseon介詞和語序錯誤；C選項tobebasedon和D選項tobaseon介詞使用錯誤。因此B選項正確。

9.單選題

Scienceandtechnologyactuallyhelpto（）theusefulandpleasantpartsoftraditionalculture.

問題1選項

A.preserve

B.prevail

C.reserve

D.precede

【答案】A

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。句意:科學技術(shù)實際上有助于保存?zhèn)鹘y(tǒng)文化中有用的和討人喜歡的部分。選項中只有A和C有保留，保存的意思。preserve強調(diào)保護東西完好無損;reserve指保存儲備留作后用。根據(jù)句意可知，選項A更符合語境。

10.單選題

Untilmeninventedwaysofstayingunderwaterformorethanafewminutes,thewondersoftheworldbelowthesurfaceoftheseawerealmostunknown.Themainproblem,ofcourse,liesinair.Howcouldairbesuppliedtoswimmersbelowthesurfaceofthesea?Picturesmadeabout2,900yearsagoinAsiashowmenswimmingunderthesurfacewithairbagstiedtotheirbodies.Apipefromthebagcarriedairintotheswimmer’smouth.Butlittleprogresswasachievedintheinventionofdivingdevicesuntilabout1490,whenthefamousItalianpainter,LeonardodaVinci,designedacompletedivingsuit.

In1680,anItalianprofessorinventedalargeairbagwithaglasswindowtobewornoverthediver’shead.To“clean”theairabreathingpipewentfromtheairbag,throughanotherbagtoremovemoisture,andthenagaintothelargeairbag.Theplandidnotwork,butitgavelaterinventorstheideaofmovingairaroundindivingdevices.

In1819,aGerman,AugustusSiebe,developedawayofforcingairintothehead-coveringbyamachineoperatedabovethewater.Finally,in1837,heinventedthe“hard-hatsuit”thatwastobeusedfornearlyacentury.Ithadametalcoveringfortheheadandanairpipeattachedtoamachineabovethewater.Italsohadsmallopeningstoremoveunwantedair.Butthereweretwodangerstothediverinsidethe“hard-hatsuit”.Onewasthesuddenrisetothesurface,causedbyatoogreatsupplyofair.Theotherwasthecrushingofthebody,causedbyasuddendivingintodeepwater.Thesuddenrisetothesurfacecouldkillthediver;asuddendivecouldforcehisbodyupintothehelmet,whichcouldalsoresultindeath.

Graduallythe“hard-hatsuit”wasimprovedsothatthedivercouldbegivenaconstantsupplyofair.Thedivercouldthenmovearoundundertheoceanwithoutworryingabouttheairsupply.

Duringthe1940sdivingunderwaterwithoutaspecialsuitbecamepopular.Instead,diversusedabreathingdeviceandasmallcoveringmadeofrubberandglassoverpartsoftheface.Toimprovetheswimmer’sspeedanothernewinventionwasused：apieceofrubbershapedlikeagiantfoot,whichwasattachedtoeachofthediver’sownfeet.Themanufactureofrubberbreathingpipesmadeitpossiblefordiverstofloatonthesurfaceofthewater,observingthemarinelifeunderneaththem.Aspecialrubbersuitenabledthemtostayincoldwaterforlongperiods,collectingspecimensofanimalandvegetablelifethathadneverbeenobtainedinthepast.

Themostimportantadvance,however,wastheinventionofaself-containedunderwaterbreathingapparatus,whichiscalleda“scuba”.

InventedbytwoFrenchmen,JacquesCousteauandEmileGagnan,thescubaconsistsofamouth-piecejoinedtooneortwotanksofcompressedairwhichareattachedtothediver’sback.

Thescubamakesitpossibleforadiver-scientisttowork200feetunderwaterorevendeeperforseveralhours.Asaresult,scientistscannowmovearoundfreelyatgreatdepths,learningaboutthewondersofthesea.

1.Themainprogressmentionedinthispassagewas（

）.

2.AninventionofanItalianprofessor（

）.

3.Siebes’inventionwasnotaperfectone,because（

）.

4.Theword“scuba”is（

）.

問題1選項

A.anItalianprofessorinventedalargeairbag

B.meninventedthebestdivingdevices

C.anItalianpainterdesignedacompletedivingsuit

D.anairbag

問題2選項

A.workedoutverywell

B.can“clean”theair

C.inspiredlaterinventions

D.wasusedtoremovemoisture

問題3選項

A.toosmallasupplyofaircouldresultinasuddenrisetothesurface

B.asuddendiveintodeepwatercouldcausethecrushingofthebody

C.theairpipeattachedtoamachinecouldbeabovethesurface

D.bothAandB

問題4選項

A.acertaindiver’sname

B.anoriginalEnglishword

C.namedbytheinventor

D.anacronym

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

【解析】1.信息推斷題。根據(jù)文中的單詞“invented,developed,improved”以及“themostimportantadvance”可以知道，文章一直在闡述潛水裝備的發(fā)展進程。選項B符合題意。

2.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“itgavelaterinventorstheidea”這一句得知選項C最符合題意。

3.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段的第三句，“Butthereweretwodangers…Onewas…Theotherwas…,”選項B最符合題意。

4.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段“self-containedunderwaterbreathingapparatus”，可知scuda是首字母縮略詞，選項D符合題意。

11.單選題

Whentheymarry,husbandsandwiveshavewell-developedhealthhistoriesandwell-establishedcongenitalanddevelopmentalpropensitiestowardgoodandillhealth.Substantialresearchsuggeststhat,giventheexistinghealthpropensityandhealthconditionofanindividualataparticulartime,hisorherprobabilityofbetterorworsefuturehealthisaffectedbyavarietyofsociallymediatedfactorsthataresubjecttoinfluenceormanipulationbyhisorherspouse.

Spousescanpromoteeachother’shealthbyamelioratingpsychologicalstress.Asubstantialliteraturedevelopsstrongevidencethatpsychologicalstresscausesillness,increasemortalityrisk,andservesasanimportantmechanismthatlinkssocioeconomiccharacteristicstohealthandmortality.Stress-reducingmechanismsincluderemovalofsourcesofstress,andmanagementofstressbytalkingaboutittoatrustedotherperson,psychologicaltreatment,physicalexercise,recreationandothermeans.Aspousecanprovideorencourageallofthesestress-reducingbehaviors.

Spousesalsocanpromoteeachother’shealthbyprovidingeachotherwithsupportivesocialcontact,andtheycanfacilitateorinhibiteachother’ssocialcontactwithsupportiveothers.Evidencesuggeststhathealthisgreatlyadvancedbysupportivesocialcontacts,includingpositiveinteractionwithrelatives,friends,coworkersandacquaintances.Recentexperimentaldatashowsthatpersonswithmorediversesocialnetworksaremoreresistanttoexperimentallyintroducedupperrespiratoryvirusesthanpersonswithlessdiversesocialnetworks.

Spousescanalsopromoteeachother’shealthbyprovidingeachotherwithmoneyincome,andtheycanhelpeachothermanagemoneyincomeeffectively.Moneydoesnotbuyhealthdirectly,butitcanbeusedtopurchasegoodsandservicesthatmakegoodhealthmorelikely.Thesegoodsandservicesincludenutritiousfood,ahygienicandsafeenvironment,medicalcare,andamenitiesthatreducepsychologicalstress.Unlessestrangedorunusuallywealthy,husbandsandwivesalmostalwayssharetheirfinancialresourcesandpurchaseandconsumemanyofthesehealth-promotinggoodsandservicesjointly.Inshort,therearemanywaysinwhichspousescaninfluenceeachother’sprobabilityofgoodhealth.

1.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

2.Accordingtotheauthor,whatisthemosteffectivewayforthehusbandtoreducepsychologicalstress?

3.Whichoneisthesuitablesummaryofparagraph1?

4.Howcanmoneymakegoodhealth?

5.Whichofthefollowingislikelytothrowspousesintoillhealth?

問題1選項

A.Howspousescanpromoteeachother’sphysicalcondition.

B.Thespouse’sprobabilityoffuturewell-being.

C.Effectsofspouse’shoursofworkoneachother’shealth.

D.Spousesinfluenceeachotherinvariousways.

問題2選項

A.Totalktootherperson.

B.Togotoseepsychiatrist.

C.Totakepleasure.

D.Totalkwithhiswife.

問題3選項

A.Spouse’sinfluenceisofvitalimportancetoeachother’shealth.

B.Spouse’sinfluencehasnothingtodowithhealth.

C.Healthyspouseswillremainhealthaftertheirmarriage.

D.Thereareavarietyofsociallymediatedfactors.

問題4選項

A.Moneysometimesmaybepowerfulenoughtobuyhealthdirectly.

B.Spousescanmanagemoneyincomeeffectivelyforeachother’shealth

C.Moneycanprovidespouseswithgoodsandservices,whichislikelytomakegoodhealth.

D.Forthesakeofeachother’sheath,husbandsandwivesshouldshareeverything.

問題5選項

A.Positiveinteractionwithrelatives.

B.Appropriatephysicalexercise.

C.Fewsocialnetworks.

D.Nutritiousfood.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，作者在第一段指出丈夫或妻子的健康狀況不僅受到社會因素的影響，還會受到其配偶的影響。接著后面的三個段落分別從三個不同的角度講述了配偶之間應該如何相互幫助來促進彼此的健康，所以選項C符合原文。

2.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容，減壓機制包括消除壓力來源，通過與信任的人談話來管理壓力，還有心理治療，體育鍛煉，娛樂休閑等其他方法。配偶可以提供或鼓勵所有這些減輕壓力的行為。由此可知，作者認為丈夫減輕心理壓力最有效的辦法應該是與信任的人也就是妻子進行談話溝通，所以選項D正確。

3.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第11題的分析可知，第一段主要是講丈夫或妻子的健康狀況不僅受到社會因素的影響，還會受到其配偶的影響。也就是說配偶的影響對彼此的健康至關重要。所以選項A符合原文。

4.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)最后一段第二句“Moneydoesnotbuyhealthdirectly,butitcanbeusedtopurchasegoodsandservicesthatmakegoodhealthmorelikely.金錢不能直接買到健康，但它可以用來購買使人更有可能獲得健康的商品和服務。”由此可知，選項C符合原文。

5.細節(jié)事實題。A選項“與親人之間的積極互動”；B選項“適當?shù)捏w育鍛煉”；D選項“有營養(yǎng)的食物”都能夠促進配偶的健康狀