2022年考研英語（一）真題及答案

2022年全國碩士研究生考試考研英語(一)試題及答

案SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)Theideathatplantshavesomedegreeofconsciousnessfirsttookrootintheearly2000s;theterm"plantneurobiology"was 1 aroundthenotionthatsomeaspectsofplantbehaviorcouldbe 2 tointelligenceinanimals. 3 plantslackbrains,thefiringofelectricalsignalsintheirstemsandleavesnonethelesstriggeredresponsesthat 4 consciousness,researcherspreviouslyreported.Butsuchanideaisuntrue,accordingtoanewopinionarticle.Plantbiologyiscomplexandfascinating,butit 5 sogreatlyfromthatofanimalsthatso-called 6 ofplants1intelligenceisinconclusive,theauthorswrote.Beginningin2006,somescientistshave 7 thatplantspossessneuron-likecellsthatinteractwithhormonesandneurotransmitters, 8 "aplantnervoussystem, 9 tothatinanimals,"saidleadstudyauthorLincolnTaiz,"They 10 claimedthatplantshave'brain-likecommandcenters'attheirroottips."This 11 makessenseifyousimplifytheworkingsofacomplexbrain, 12 ittoanarrayofelectricalpulses;cellsinplantsalsocommunicatethroughelectricalsignals. 13 ,thesignalinginaplantisonly 14 similartothefiringinacomplexanimalbrain,whichismorethan"amassofcellsthatcommunicatebyelectricity,0Taizsaid.°Forconsciousnesstoevolve,abrainwithathreshold 15 ofcomplexityandcapacityisrequired,0he 16 .°Sinceplantsdon'thavenervoussystems,the 17 thattheyhaveconsciousnessareeffectivelyzero."Andwhat'ssogreataboutconsciousness,anyway?Plantscan'trunawayfrom 18 ,soinvestingenergyinabodysystemwhich 19 athreatandcanfeelpainwouldbeavery 20 evolutionarystrategy,accordingtothearticle.[A]coined[B]discovered[C]collected[D]issued[A]attributed[B]directed[C]compared[D]confined[A]Unless[B]When[C]Once[D]Though[A]copedwith[B]consistedof[C]hintedat[D]extendedto[A]suffers[B]benefits[C]develops[D]differs[A]acceptance[B]evidence[C]cultivation[D]creation[A]doubted[B]denied[C]argued[D]requested[A]adapting[B]forming[C]repairing[D]testing[A]analogous[B]essential[C]suitable[D]sensitive[A]just[B]ever[C]still[D]even[A]restriction[B]experiment[C]perspective[D]demand[A]attaching[B]reducing[C]returning[D]exposing[A]However[B]Moreover[C]Therefore[D]Otherwise[A]temporarily[B]literally[C]superficially[D]imaginarily[A]list[B]level[C]label[D]load[A]recalled[B]agreed[C]questioned[D]added[A]chances[B]risks[C]excuses[D]assumptions[A]danger[B]failure[C]warning[D]control[A]represents[B]includes[C]reveals[D]recognizes[A]humble[B]poor[C]practical[D]easySectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1Peopleoftencomplainthatplasticsaretoodurable.Waterbottles,shoppingbags,andothertrashlittertheplanet,fromMountEveresttotheMarianaTrench,becauseplasticsareeverywhereanddon'tbreakdowneasily.Butsomeplasticmaterialschangeovertime.Theycrackandfrizzle.They"weep"outadditives.Theymeltintosludge.Allofwhichcreateshugeheadachesforinstitutions,suchasmuseums,tryingtopreserveculturallyimportantobjects.Thevarietyofplasticobjectsatriskisdizzying:earlyradios,avant-gardesculptures,celluloidanimationstillsfromDisneyfilms,thefirstartificialheart.Certainartifactsareespeciallyvulnerablebecausesomepioneersinplasticartdidn'talwaysknowhowtomixingredientsproperly,saysTheavanOosten,apolymerchemistwho,untilretiringafewyearsago,workedfordecadesattheCulturalHeritageAgencyoftheNetherlands."It'slikebakingacake:Ifyoudon'thaveexactamounts,itgoeswrong,"shesays."Theobjectyoumakeisalreadyatimebomb."Andsometimes,it'snottheartist'sfault.Inthe1960s,theItalianartistPieroGilardibegantocreatehundredsofbright,colorfulfoampieces.Thosepiecesincludedsmallbedsofrosesandotheritemsaswellasafewdozen"naturecarpets"—largerectanglesdecoratedwithfoampumpkins,cabbages,andwatermelons.Hewantedviewerstowalkaroundonthecarpets—whichmeanttheyhadtobedurable.Unfortunately,thepolyurethanefoamheusedisinherentlyunstable.It1sespeciallyvulnerabletolightdamage,andbythemid-1990s,Gilardi'spumpkins,roses,andotherfiguresweresplittingandcrumbling.Museumslockedsomeofthemawayinthedark.SovanOostenandhercolleaguesworkedtopreserveGilardi'ssculptures.Theyinfusedsomewithstabilizingandconsolidatingchemicals.VanOostencallsthosechemicals''sunscreens"becausetheirgoalwastopreventfurtherlightdamageandrebuildwornpolymerfibers.Sheisproudthatseveralsculptureshaveevengoneondisplayagain,albeitsometimesbeneathprotectivecases.DespitesuccessstorieslikevanOosten's,preservationofplasticswilllikelygetharder.Oldobjectscontinuetodeteriorate.Worse,biodegradableplastics,designedtodisintegrate,areincreasinglycommon.Andmoreisatstakeherethanindividualobjects.JoanaLiaFerreira,anassistantprofessorofconservationandrestorationattheNOVASchoolofScienceandTechnology,notesthatarchaeologistsfirstdefinedthegreatmaterialagesofhumanhistory—StoneAge,IronAge,andsoon—afterexaminingartifactsinmuseums.Wenowliveinanageofplastic,shesays,"andwhatwedecidetocollecttoday,whatwedecidetopreserve...willhaveastrongimpactonhowinthefuturewe'IIbeseen."AccordingtoParagraph1,museumsarefacedwithdifficultiesin.maintainingtheirplasticitemsobtainingdurableplasticartifactshandlingoutdatedplasticexhibitsclassifyingtheirplasticcollectionsVanOostenbelievesthatcertainplasticobjectsare.immunetodecayimproperlyshapedinherentlyflawedcomplexinstructureMuseumsstoppedexhibitingsomeofGilardi'sartworksto.keepthemfromhurtingvisitorsduplicatethemforfuturedisplayhavetheiringredientsanalyzedpreventthemfromfurtherdamageTheauthorthinksthatpreservationofplasticsis,[A]costly[B]unworthyunpopularchallengingInFerreira'sopinion,preservationofplasticartifacts.willinspirefuturescientificresearchhasprofoundhistoricalsignificancewillhelpusseparatethematerialageshasanimpactontoday'sculturallifeSectionIIReadingComprehensionText2Asthelatestcropofstudentspentheirundergraduateapplicationformandweighuptheiroptions,itmaybeworthconsideringjusthowthepoint,purposeandvalueofadegreehaschangedandwhatGenerationZneedtoconsiderastheystartthethirdstageoftheireducationaljourney.Millennialsweretoldthatifyoudidwellinschool,gotadecentdegree,youwouldbesetupforlife.Butthatpromisehasbeenfoundwanting.Asdegreesbecameuniversal,theybecamedevalued.Educationwasnolongerasecurerouteofsocialmobility.Today,28percentofgraduatesintheUKareinnon-graduateroles,apercentagewhichisdoubletheaverageamongOECDcountries.Thisisnottosaythatthereisnopointingettingadegree,butratherstressthatadegreeisnotforeveryone,thattheswitchfromclassroomtolecturehallisnotaninevitableoneandthatotheroptionsareavailable.Thankfully,therearesignsthatthisisalreadyhappening,withGenerationZseekingtolearnfromtheirmillennialpredecessors,evenifparentsandteacherstendtobestillsetinthedegreemindset.Employershavelongseentheadvantagesofhiringschoolleaverswhooftenprovethemselvestobemorecommittedandloyalemployeesthangraduates.Manytooareseeingtheadvantagesofscrappingadegreerequirementforcertainroles.Forthoseforwhomadegreeisthedesiredroute,considerthatthismaywellbethefirstofmany.Inthisageofgeneralists,itpaystohavespecificknowledgeorskills.Postgraduatesnowearn40percentmorethangraduates.Whenmoreandmoreofushaveadegree,itmakessensetohavetwo.ItisunlikelythatGenerationZwillbedonewitheducationat18or21;theywillneedtobeconstantlyup-skillingthroughouttheircareertostayemployable.Ithasbeenestimatedthatthisgeneration,duetothepressuresoftechnology,thewishforpersonalfulfilmentanddesirefordiversity,willworkfor17differentemployersoverthecourseoftheirworkinglifeandhavefivedifferentcareers.Education,andnotjustknowledgegainedoncampus,willbeacorepartofGenerationTscareertrajectory.Oldergenerationsoftentalkabouttheirdegreeinthepresentandpersonaltense:'Iamageographer1or'Iamaciassist.Theirsonsordaughterswouldneversaysuchathing;itsasiftheyalreadyknowthattheirdegreewon'tdefinetheminthesameway.TheauthorsuggeststhatGenerationZshould.becarefulinchoosingacollegebediligentateacheducationalstagereassessthenecessityofcollegeeducationpostponetheirundergraduateapplicationThepercentageofUKgraduatesinnon-graduaterolesreflect.Millennial'sopinionsaboutworktheshrinkingvalueofadegreepublicdiscontentwitheducationthedesiredrouteofsocialmobilityTheauthorconsidersitagoodsignthat.GenerationZareseekingtoearnadecentdegreeschoolleaversarewillingtobeskilledworkersemployersaretakingarealisticattitudetodegreesparentsarechangingtheirmindsabouteducationItisadvisedinParagraph5thatthosewithonedegreeshould.makeanearlydecisionontheircareerattendonthejobtrainingprogramsteamupwithhigh-paidpostgraduatesfurthertheirstudiesinaspecificfieldWhatcanbeconcludedaboutGenerationZfromthelasttwoparagraphs?Lifelonglearningwilldefinethem.Theywillmakequalifiededucators.Degreeswillnolongerappealthem.Theywillhavealimitedchoiceofjobs.Text3Enlightening,challenging,stimulating,fun.TheseweresomeofthewordsthatNaturereadersusedtodescribetheirexperienceofart-sciencecollaborationsinaseriesofarticlesonpartnershipsbetweenartistsandresearchers.Nearly40%oftheroughly350peoplewhorespondedtoanaccompanyingpollsaidtheyhadcollaboratedwithartists;andalmostallsaidtheywouldconsiderdoingsoinfuture.Suchanencouragingresultisnotsurprising.Scientistsareincreasinglyseekingoutvisualartiststohelpthemcommunicatetheirworktonewaudiences.“Artistshelpscientistsreachabroaderaudienceandmakeemotionalconnectionsthatenhancelearning."Onerespondentsaid.OneexampleofhowartistsandscientistshavetogetherrockedthesensescamelastmonthwhentheSydneySymphonyOrchestraperformedareworkedversionofAntonioVivaldi'sTheFourSeasons.Theyreimaginedthe300-year-oldscorebyinjectingthelatestclimatepredictiondataforeachseason—providedbyMonashUniversity'sClimateChangeCommunicationResearchHub.TheperformancewasacreativecalltoactionaheadofNovember'sUnitedNationsClimateChangeConferenceinGlasgow,UK.Butagenuinepartnershipmustbeatwo-waystreet.FewerartiststhanscientistsrespondedtotheNaturepoll;however,severalrespondentsnotedthatartistsdonotsimplyassistscientistswiththeircommunicationrequirements.Norshouldtheirworkbeconsideredonlyasanobjectofstudy.Thealliancesaremostvaluablewhenscientistsandartistshaveasharedstakeinaproject,areabletojointlydesignitandcancritiqueeachother'swork.Suchanapproachcanbothpromptnewresearchaswellasresultinpowerfulart.Morethanhalfacenturyago,theMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyopeneditsCenterforAdvancedVisualStudies(CAVS)toexploretheroleoftechnologyinculture.Thefoundersdeliberatelyfocusedtheirprojectsaroundlight—hencethe"visualstudies"inthename.Lightwasasomethingthatbothartistsandscientistshadaninterestin,andthereforecouldformthebasisofcollaboration.Asscienceandtechnologyprogressed,anddividedintomoresub-disciplines,thecentrewassimultaneouslylookingtoatimewhenleadingresearcherscouldalsobeartists,writersandpoets,andviceversa.Nature*spollfindingssuggestthatthistrendisasstrongasever,but,tomakeacollaborationwork,bothsidesneedtoinvesttime,andembracesurpriseandchallenge.Thereachofart-sciencetie-upsneedtogobeyondthenecessarypurposeofresearchcommunication,andparticipantsmustnotfallintothetrapofstereotypingeachother.Artistsandscientistsalikeareimmersedindiscoveryandinvention,andchallengeandcritiquearecoretoboth,too.AccordingtoParagraph1,art-sciencecollaborationshave.caughttheattentionofcriticsreceivedfavorableresponsespromotedacademicpublishingsparkedheatedpublicdisputesThereworkedversionofTheFourSeasonsismentionedtoshowthatartcanofferaudienceseasyaccesstosciencesciencecanhelpwiththeexpressionofemotionspublicparticipationinsciencehasapromisingfutureartiseffectiveinfacilitatingscientificinnovationsSomeartistsseemtoworryaboutintheart-sciencepartnershiptheirrolemaybeunderestimatedtheirreputationmaybeimpairedtheircreativitymaybeinhibitedtheirworkmaybemisguidedWhatdoestheauthorsayaboutCAVS?Itwasheadedalternatelybyartistsandscientists.Itexemplifiedvaluableart-sciencealliances.Itsprojectsaimedatadvancingvisualstudies.Itsfounderssoughttoraisethestatusofartists.Inthelastparagraph,theauthorholdsthatart-sciencecollaborationsarelikelytogobeyondpublicexpectationswillintensifyinterdisciplinarycompetitionshoulddomorethancommunicatingsciencearebecomingmorepopularthanbeforeText4ThepersonalgrievanceprovisionsofNewZealand*sEmploymentRelationsAct2000(ERA)preventanemployerfromfiringanemployeewithoutgoodcause.Instead,dismissalsmustbejustified.Employersmustbothshowcauseandactinaprocedurallyfairway.Personalgrievanceproceduresweredesignedtoguardthejobsofordinaryworkersfrom“unjustifieddismissals".Thepremisewasthatthecommonlawofcontractlackedsufficientsafeguardsforworkersagainstarbitraryconductbymanagement.Longgonearethedayswhenabosscouldsimplygiveanemployeecontractualnotice.Buttheseprovisionscreatedifficultiesforbusinesseswhenappliedtohighlypaidmanagersandexecutives.Ascountlessboardsandbusinessownerswillattest,constrainingfirmsfromfiringpoorlyperforming,high-earningmanagersisahandbrakeonboostingproductivityandoverallperformance.ThedifferencebetweenC-gradeandA-grademanagersmayverywellbethedifferencebetweenbusinesssuccessorfailure.Betweenpreservingthejobsofordinaryworkersorlosingthem.Yetmediocrityisnolongerenoughtojustifyadismissal.Consequently—andparadoxically-lawsintroducedtoprotectthejobsofordinaryworkersmaybeplacingthosejobsatrisk.Ifnotplacingjobsatrisk,totheextentemploymentprotectionlawsconstrainbusinessownersfromdismissingunder-performingmanagers,thoselawsactasaconstraintonfirmproductivityandthereforeonworkers'wages.Indeed,in“AnInternationalPerspectiveonNewZealand'sProductivityParadox"(2014),theProductivityCommissionsingledoutthelowqualityofmanagerialcapabilitiesasacauseofthecountry'spoorproductivitygrowthrecord.NorarehighlypaidmanagersthemselvesimmunefromtheharmcausedbytheERA'sunjustifieddismissalprocedures.Becauseemploymentprotectionlawsmakeitcostliertofireanemployee,employersaremorecautiousabouthiringnewstaff.ThismakesitharderforthemarginalmanagertogainemploymentAndfirmspaystafflessbecausefirmscarrytheburdenoftheemploymentarrangementgoingwrong.Societyalsosuffersfromexcessiveemploymentprotections.Stringentjobdismissalregulationsadverselyaffectproductivitygrowthandhamperbothprosperityandoverallwell-being.AcrosstheTasmanSea,Australiadealswiththeunjustifieddismissalparadoxbyexcludingemployeesearningaboveaspecified“high-incomethreshold"fromtheprotectionofitsunfairdismissallaws.InNewZealand,a2016privatemembers1Billtriedtopermitfirmsandhigh-incomeemployeestocontractoutoftheunjustifieddismissalregime.However,themechanismsproposedwereunwieldyandtheBillwasvoteddownfollowingthechangeingovernmentlaterthatyear.ThepersonalgrievanceprovisionsoftheERAareintendedto.punishdubiouscorporatepracticesimprovetraditionalhiringproceduresexemptemployersfromcertaindutiesprotecttherightsofordinaryworkersItcanbelearnedfromparagraph3thattheprovisionsmay.hinderbusinessdevelopmentunderminemanagers1authorityaffectthepublicimageofthefirmsworsenlabor-managementrelationsWhichofthefollowingmeasureswouldtheProductivityCommissionsupport?Imposingreasonablewagerestraints.Enforcingemploymentprotectionlaws.Limitingthepowersofbusinessowners.Dismissingpoorlyperformingmanagers.WhatmightbeaneffectofERA'sunjustifieddismissalprocedures?Highlypaidmanagerslosetheirjobs.Employeessufferfromsalarycuts.Societyseesariseinoverallwell-being.Employersneedtohirenewstaff.Itcanbeinferredthatthe“high-incomethreshold"inAustralia.hassecuredmanagers'earningshasproducedundesiredresultsisbeneficialtobusinessownersisdifficulttoputintopracticePartB題目要求暫無,需要考生總結(jié)人物觀點(diǎn)然后選擇正確選項,類似英語二信息匹配題。(41)TeriByrdIamaveterinarianwhowasazooandwildlifeparkemployeeforyearsbeforeobtainingmyveterinarydegree.Boththewildlifeparkandzooclaimedtobeoperatingforthebenefitoftheanimalsandforconservationpurposes.Thisclaimwasfalse.Neitheroneofthemactuallyparticipatedinanycontributionstoanimalresearchorconservation.Theyareprofitableinstitutionswhosebottomlineismuchmoreimportantthantheconditionoftheanimals.Animalsdespisebeingcaptivesinzoos.Nomatterhowyou“enhance”enclosures,theydonotallowforfreedom,anaturaldietoradequateexercise.Animalsendupstressedandunhealthyordead.Itzspasttimefortransparencywiththeseinstitutions,anditspasttimetoeliminatezoosfromourculture.(42)KarenR.SimeAsazoologyprofessorand,thankstomykids,afrequentzoovisitor,IagreewithEmmaMarristhatzoodisplayscanbesadandcruel.Butsheunderestimatestheeducationalvalueofzoos.ThezoologyprogramatmyStateUniversityofNewYorkcampusattractsstudentsforwhomzoovisitswerethecrucialformativeexperiencethatledthemtomajorinbiologicalsciences.Thesearemostlystudentswhohadnoopportunityaschildrentotraveltowildernessareas,wildliferefugesornationalparks.AlthoughgoodTVshowscanhelpstirchildren1sinterestinconservation,theycannotreplacetheexcitementofazoovisitasanintense,immersiveandinteractiveexperience.Theyalsogettomeetadultswhohaveturnedtheirloveforanimalsintoacareer,andwithwhomtheycanidentify.Surelytheremustbesomemiddlegroundthatbalanceszoos'treatmentofanimalswiththeireducationalpotential.(43)GregNewberryEmmaMarris'articleisaninsultandadisservicetothethousandsofpassionate,dedicatedpeoplewhoworktirelesslytoimprovethelivesofanimalsandprotectourplanet.Ms.Marrisusesoutdatedresearchanddecades-oldexamplestounderminethenoblemissionoforganizationscommittedtoconnectingchildrentoaworldbeyondtheirown.Zoosareattheforefrontofconservationandconstantlyevolvingtoimprovehowtheycareforanimalsandprotecteachspeciesinitsnaturalhabitat.Aretheretragedies?Ofcourse.Buttheyaretheexception,notthenormthatMs.Marrisimplies.Adistressedanimalinazoowillgetasgoodorbettertreatmentthanmostofusatourlocalhospital.(44)DeanGalleaAsafellowenvironmentalist,animal-protectionadvocateandlongtimevegetarian,IcouldproperlybeinthesamecampasEmmaMarrisontheissueofzoos.ButIbelievethatwell-runzoos,andtheheroicanimalsthatsuffertheircaptivity,doserveahigherpurpose.Wereitnotforopportunitiestoobservethesebeautiful,wildcreaturesclosetohome,manymorepeoplewouldbedrivenbytheirfascinationtotraveltowildareastoseekout,disturbandevenhuntthemdown.Zoosare,inthatsense,similartonaturalhistoryandarchaeologymuseums,servingtosatisfyourneedforcontactwiththeselivingcreatureswhileleavingthevastmajorityundisturbedintheirnaturalenvironments.(45)JohnFraserEmmaMarrisselectivelydescribesandmisrepresentsthefindingsofourresearch.Ourstudiesfocusedontheimpactofzooexperiencesonhowpeoplethinkaboutthemselvesandnature,andthedatapointsextractedfromourstudiesdonot,inanyway,discountwhatislearnedinazoovisit.Zoosaretoolsforthinking.Ourresearchprovidesstrongsupportforthevalueofzoosinconnectingpeoplewithanimalsandwithnature.Zoosprovideacriticalvoiceforconservationandenvironmentalprotection.Theyaffordanopportunityforpeoplefromallbackgroundstoencounterarangeofanimals,fromdronebeestospringbokorsalmon,tobetterunderstandthenaturalworldwelivein. Zoos,whichsparenoefforttotakecareofanimals,shouldnotbesubjectedtounfaircriticism.Topressurezoostospendlessontheiranimalswouldleadtoinhumaneoutcomesforthepreciouscreaturesintheircare.Whileanimalsincaptivitydeservesympathy,zoosplaysignificantroleinstartingyoungpeopledownthepathofrelatedsciences.Zoossavepeopletripstowildernessareasandthuscontributetowildlifeconservation.Forwildanimalsthatcannotbereturnedtotheirnaturalhabitats,zoosofferthebestalternative.Zoosshouldhavebeencloseddownastheyprioritizemoneymakingoveranimals'well-being.Marrisdistortsourfindingswhichactuallyprovethatzoosserveasanindispensablelinkbetweenmanandnature.SectionIIReadingComprehensionPartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Between1807and1814theIberianPeninsula(comprisingSpainandPortugal)wasthesceneofatitanicandmercilessstruggle.Ittookplaceonmanydifferentplanes:betweenNapoleon'sFrencharmyandtheangryinhabitants;betweentheBritish,everkeentoexacerbatetheemperor'sdifficulties,andthemarshalssentfromParistotrytokeepthemincheck;betweennewforcesofscienceandmeritocracyandoldonesofconservatismandbirth.(46)Itwasalso,andthisisunknowneventomanypeoplewellreadabouttheperiod,abattlebetweenthosewhomadecodesandthosewhobrokethem.IfirstdiscoveredtheNapoleoniccryptographicbattleafewyearsagowhenIwasreadingSirCharlesOman'sepicHistoryofthePeninsularWar.InvolumeVhehadattachedanappendix,"TheScovellCiphers."(47)ItlistedmanydocumentsincodethathadbeencapturedfromtheFrencharmyofSpain,andwhosesecretshadbeenrevealedbytheworkofoneGeorgeScovell,anofficerinBritishheadquarters.OmanratedScovell'ssignificancehighly,butatthesametime,thegeneralnatureofhisHistorymeantthat(48)hecouldnotanalyzecarefullywhatthisobscureofficermayormaynothavecontributedtothatgreatstrugglebetweennationsorindeedtellusanythingmuchaboutthemanhimself.Iwaskeentoreadmore,butwassurprisedtofindthatOman1sappendix,publishedin1914,wastheonlyconsideredthingthathadbeenwrittenaboutthissecretwar.IbecameconvincedthatthisstorywaseverybitasexcitingandsignificantasthatofEnigmaandthebreakingofGermancodesintheSecondWorldWar.Thequestionwas,coulditbetold?StudyingScovelTspapersatthePublicRecordOffice,London,Ifoundthathehadleftanextensivejournalandcopiousnotesabouthisworkinthepeninsula.Whatwasmore,manyoriginalFrenchdispatcheshadbeenpreservedinthiscollection.Irealizedatoncethatthiswaspriceless.(49)TheremayhavebeenmanyspiesandintelligenceofficersduringtheNapoleonicWars,butitisusuallyextremelydifficulttofindthematerialtheyactuallyprovidedorworkedon.Furthermore,ScovelTsstoryinvolvedmuchmorethanjustintelligencework.HisstatusinLordWellington'sheadquartersandtherecognitiongiventohimforhisworkwereallboundupwiththeclasspoliticsofthearmyatthetime.Histaleofself-improvementandhardworkwouldmakeafascinatingbiographyinitsownright,butrepresentssomethingmorethanthat.(50)JustasthecodebreakinghasitswiderrelevanceinthestruggleforSpain,sohisattemptstomakehiswayupthepromotionladderspeakvolumesaboutBritishsociety.

應(yīng)用文類型email書信類型邀請信，由關(guān)鍵詞inviting可判斷。收信人aprofessorataBritishuniversity內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)寫信背景+內(nèi)容:invitinghim/hertoorganizeateamfortheinternationalinnovationcontesttobeheldatyouuniversity署名LiMing52.【審題】組畫類型圖畫說明寓意一幅圖整體描述:兩個女生正看著校園講座的海報。細(xì)節(jié)描述:ー個學(xué)生說“不是我們專業(yè)的,聽了也沒多大用”,而另一個學(xué)生回答"聽聽總會有好處”。重視廣泛學(xué)ラ【答案】[A]coined[C]compared[D]Though[C]hintedat[D]differs[B]evidence[C]argued[A]analogous[D]even[C]perspective[B]reducing[A]However[C]superficially[B]level[D]added[A]chances[A]danger[D]recognizes[B]poor【答案】[A]maintainingtheirplasticitems[C]inherentlyflawed[D]preventthemfromfurtherdamage[D]challenging[B]hasprofoundhistoricalsignificance【答案】[C]reassessthenecessityofcollegeeducation[B]theshrinkingvalueofadegree[C]employersaretakingarealisticattitudetodegrees[D]furthertheirstudiesinaspecificfield[A]Lifelonglearningwilldefinethem.【答案】[B]receivedfavorableresponses[A]artcanofferaudienceseasyaccesstoscience[A]theirrolemaybeunderestimated[B]Itexemplifiedthevaluableart-sciencealliances.[C]shoulddomorethancommunicatingscience【答案】[D]protecttherightsofordinar