考研考博-英語-山東英才學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-山東英才學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Thespokesmantalkedaboutthecauseoftheaccident,butthemediadidn’tseemtobuyit.

問題1選項

A.confirm

B.exaggerate

C.accept

D.purchase

【答案】C

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.confirm證實B.exaggerate夸大

C.accept接受；相信D.purchase購買

【考查點】動詞辨析與熟詞僻義

【解題思路】buy最常見的意義是“購買”，但原句的主語是媒體，賓語是發(fā)言人對事故原因的解釋，“購買”不符合該語境。Buy還有一個意義是“相信”，這個意義更符合語境，C選項accept“接受”，在表達(dá)接受某個觀念時，譯為“相信”。

【干擾項排除】

A選項confirm“證實”，沒有依據(jù)；

B選項exaggerate“夸大”，沒有依據(jù)；

D選項purchase“購買”，雖符合基本義，但不符合語境。

【句意】發(fā)言人談到了事故的原因，但媒體似乎并不買賬。

2.單選題

Opponentsofaffirmativeactionsaythebattleovertheuseofraceincollegeadmissionsishardlyover,despitetheSupremeCourt’srulingMondayupholdingthegoalofadiversestudentbody.Highereducationleadersoverwhelminglyhailedthedecision,sayingitreaffirmedpoliciesusedbymostselectivecollegesanduniversities.Butsomecriticsraisedthepossibilityofmorelawsuits,andpromisedtocontinuepressuringtheDepartmentofEducation’sOfficeofCivilRightstoinvestigatequestionablepolicies.“We’retalkingaboutadmissionsprograms,scholarships,anyprogram...onlyforminoritiesorinwhichthestandardsusedtojudgeadmissionsaresubstantiallydifferent.”saysLindaChavez,founderandpresidentoftheCenterforEqualOpportunity,aconservativenon-profitgroup.

Otherssaythey’lltaketheircasetovoters.“Wehavetoseriouslycontestallthisattheballotbox”saysUniversityofCaliforniaregentWardConnerly,whohelpedwinvoterapprovalofCalifornia’sProposition209,whichprohibitsconsideringraceorgenderinpubliceducation,hiringandcontracting.Becauseofthatlaw,Monday’srulinghadnopracticalimpactinthestate.“Itmaybetimeforusto...letthe(Michigan)votersdecideiftheywanttouseraceasafactorinadmissions,”ConnerlysaidMonday.

Meanwhile,USEducationSecretaryRodPaige,consistentwithPresidentBush’sstanceopposingaffirmativeaction,saidtheDepartmentofEducationwill“continueexaminingandhighlightingeffectiverace-neutralapproachestoensurebroadaccesstoanddiversitywithinourpublicinstitutions”.EvenSupremeCourtJusticeSandraDayO-Connor,inoneoftheopinions,recommendedthatstateslookforlessonsinrace-neutralprogramsbeingtriedinCaliforniaandelsewhere.Whiletherulingsaidadmissionsofficialsmayconsiderraceintheselectionprocess,collegesanduniversitiesarenotobligatedtodoso.“Ultimatelyinthedebate,diversityisachoice,notalegalmandate,”saysArthurColeman,aformerDepartmentofEducationofficialwhonowhelpscollegesanduniversitiesEnsureconstitutionalpolicies.

Thepublic,too,remainsconflicted,largelyalongraciallines.AccordingtoaJanuarypollbythenon-profitresearchorganizationPublicAgenda,79%ofAmericanssaiditisimportantforcollegestohavearaciallydiversestudentbody,whilejust54%saidaffirmativeactionprogramsshouldcontinue.InaGalluppollconducteddaysbeforetheruling,49%ofadultssaidtheyfavoraffirmativeactionand43%didnot,withblacksandHispanicsfarmorelikelytofavorthepracticethanwhites.AndsomeeducatorsdoubtthatwithMonday’sruling,thoseopposingaffirmativeactionwillchangetheirminds.

Fornow,admissionsofficialsanduniversitylawyersareporingovertherulingtodeterminehowor—whethertoadjustpolicies.Whilemosttendtobeclosedmouthedaboutadmissionspolicies,manytheydon’texpectsignificantchanges.

1.Whichofthefollowingintheopinionoftheopponentsofaffirmativeaction?

2.ConneryinsistedthattheCourt'srulingshould（

）.

3.WhatistheattitudeoftheDepartmentofEducationtowardsaffirmativeaction?

4.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutaffirmativeactionaccordingtothetext?

問題1選項

A.Thebattleovertheuseofraceincollegeadmissionsisnotover.

B.TheSupremeCourt’srulingshouldbeadaptedtocollegesituations.

C.Itisnecessarytoformulatetherightpoliciesforcollegeadmissions.

D.Race-neutralprogramsshouldnotbesetupincollegeanduniversities.

問題2選項

A.winapprovalfromCaliforniavotersbeforeitisputineffect

B.becontestedbytheMichiganvoterswithanopinionpoll

C.beappliedinsomestatesbeforeitisextendedtootherstates

D.producetheintendedpracticalaffectbeforeitiswidelyaccepted

問題3選項

A.Neutrality.

B.Objection.

C.Approval.

D.Indifference.

問題4選項

A.Avastmajorityofpeoplesupportit.

B.Theminoritiesclaimittobeadiscriminatorypolicy.

C.Theminoritystudentsaremorelikelytowelcomeit.

D.TheCourt'sdecisionwillcertainlychangepeople'sattitudetoit.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由文章第一段中的Opponentsofaffirmativeactionsaythebattleovertheuseofraceincollegeadmissionsishardlyover（反對反歧視的人說，在大學(xué)招生中使用種族的斗爭幾乎沒有結(jié)束）可知A選項“在大學(xué)招生中使用種族的斗爭還沒有結(jié)束”符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由文章第二段中的Wehavetoseriouslycontestallthisattheballotbox（我們必須在投票箱里認(rèn)真地競爭這一切）可知Connerly認(rèn)為法院的裁決應(yīng)由民意調(diào)查投票決定，因此選B。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由文章第三段中的USEducationSecretaryRodPaige,consistentwithPresidentBush’sstanceopposingaffirmativeaction（美國教育部長RodPaige與布什總統(tǒng)的立場一致，反對反歧視運動）可知美國教育部對反歧視行動持反對態(tài)度，因此選B。

4.推理判斷題。由文章倒數(shù)第二段中的InaGalluppollconducteddaysbeforetheruling,49%ofadultssaidtheyfavoraffirmativeactionand43%didnot,withblacksandHispanicsfarmorelikelytofavorthepracticethanwhites.（在判決前幾天進(jìn)行的民意調(diào)查中，49%的成年人表示他們支持反歧視行動，43%的人表示反對，而黑人和西班牙裔比白人贊成的人數(shù)要多得多）可推測少數(shù)民族更支持這項行動，因此選C。

3.單選題

Tobea/an（

）istheambitionmostappropriateforthosewhoseetheworldasbeinginconstantchange,andwho,withoutthinkingthattheycancontrolit,wishtoinfluenceitsdirection.

問題1選項

A.incentive

B.facilitation

C.catalyst

D.cataclysm

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項incentive“動機(jī)，刺激”；B選項facilitation“簡易化；便利；促進(jìn)”；C選項catalyst“催化劑”；D選項cataclysm“災(zāi)難”。句意：對于那些認(rèn)為世界在不斷變化的人來說，成為一名……是最合適的抱負(fù)，他們不認(rèn)為自己能控制世界，只希望影響世界的方向。根據(jù)句意，此處選擇B選項更為合適。

4.單選題

Anotherofthesocialsciencesrelyinguponresearchisanthropology,thestudyofhumanbeingsandtheirculture.Anthropologicaltheoriesalsoresultfrominvestigationintothecharacteristicsofpeopleandtheirproducts,whichcontributestoabetterunderstandingofthepatternsofhumanbehaviors.Intheirsystematicexamination,researchersinallbranchesofanthropologyfollowthesamebasicsteps.Themethodcalledparticipantobservationismostwidespread,althoughothertechniquesareusedaswell.Atfirst,theanthropologistentersacommunitytogatherinformationfrommembersoftheircommunitythroughobservationsandconversations.Thefieldworkertakescopiousnotesand,lateron,beginstoposehypothesesfromthesethatwillformthebasisoffurtherresearch.Afterspecifichypotheseshavebeendeveloped,theresearchergathersinformationtolestthem,oftenintheformofsurveysorrecordedinterviews.Finally,theanthropologistorganizeswilltheinformationandevaluatesthehypothesesinlightofthedata.Theconclusionsoftenformthebasisofarticlesforscientificjournals,booksandlectures.

1.Theparagraphprecedingthispassagemostlikelydiscusses（）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,investigationintohumantraitsleadsto（）.

3.Inline9,theitalicizedword“copious”mostcloselymeans（）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whatisthefirststepintheparticipantobservationmethod?

5.Intheline10,theitalicizedword“these”referstowhichofthefollowing?

問題1選項

A.othersocialsciencefields

B.theoriginofanthropology

C.researchinanothersocialscience

D.branchesofanthropology

問題2選項

A.refinementsinhumanproducts

B.betterawarenessofpatternsinhumanconduct

C.systematicexaminationofallanthropologicalfields

D.constantadjustmentstothestepsofbasicresearch

問題3選項

A.ample

B.preliminary

C.outlined

D.specific

問題4選項

A.Selectingacommunitytostudy

B.Developingspecifichypotheses

C.Organizingandevaluatingdata

D.Observingandconservingwithcommunitymembers

問題5選項

A.hypotheses

B.observations

C.notes

D.conversations

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由文章第一段“Anotherofthesocialsciencesrelyinguponresearchisanthropology.”可知，另一個依靠研究的社會科學(xué)是人類學(xué)，說明前文應(yīng)該已經(jīng)提到過一種社會科學(xué)，因此，A項為正確答案。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。通過原文第一段“Anthropologicaltheoriesalsoresultfrominvestigationintothecharacteristicsofpeopleandtheirproducts,whichcontributestoabetterunderstandingofthepatternsofhumanbehaviors.”可知，這種研究有助于更好地理解人類行為的模式，which應(yīng)指代前文中“人類學(xué)是對人類特征的研究”這一內(nèi)容，因此，B項為正確答案。

3.詞匯題。由原文第二段可知，這種方法的基本步驟包括：首先進(jìn)入社區(qū)，通過觀察和交流，收集社區(qū)成員信息。然后，從這些能成為進(jìn)一步研究基礎(chǔ)的筆記中提出假設(shè)。因此，根據(jù)邏輯意義可知，調(diào)查研究需要基于大量的事實數(shù)據(jù)。因此，A項“大量的；豐富的”與“note”最為恰當(dāng)，copiousnotes表示“詳細(xì)的筆記”，故正確答案為A。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)原文第二段“Atfirst,theanthropologistentersacommunitytogatherinformationfrommembersoftheircommunitythroughobservationsandconversations.”可知，調(diào)查研究的第一步是進(jìn)入社區(qū)，通過觀察和交流，收集社區(qū)成員的信息。因此，D項是正確答案。

5.詞匯題。分析these所在句Thefieldworkertakescopiousnotesand,lateron,beginstoposehypothesesfromthesethatwillformthebasisoffurtherresearch.可知，工作人員做了大量的筆記，然后，從這些能成為進(jìn)一步研究基礎(chǔ)的筆記中提出假設(shè)。所以，these指代的應(yīng)是前文中的copiousnotes，故正確答案是C項。

5.單選題

Theyaretryingtokeepupasfederalresearchbudgetsarebarely（

）inflationandindustryispullingbackoninvestmentsinpureresearch.

問題1選項

A.composedof

B.channeledto

C.makingup

D.keepingpacewith

【答案】D

【解析】詞組辨析題。composeof“由……組成”；channelto“傳遞，輸送，引導(dǎo)”;makeup“組成，補足，化妝，編造，彌補”；keeppacewith“并駕齊驅(qū)，保持同步”。由句中“Theyaretryingtokeepup他們正試圖去維持”確定空格所在句句意是“由于聯(lián)邦研究預(yù)算幾乎不能與通貨膨脹保持同步”，D選項正確。

6.單選題

Thedisagreementovertraderestrictionscouldseriously（）relationsbetweenthetwocountries.

問題1選項

A.tumble

B.jeopardize

C.manipulate

D.intimidate

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A項tumble“摔倒，倒塌”，B項jeopardize“危害，使陷危地”，C項manipulate“操作，操縱”，D項intimidate“恐嚇，威脅”。根據(jù)句子關(guān)鍵詞disagreementovertraderestrictions（關(guān)于貿(mào)易限制的分歧）和relations（關(guān)系）可猜測，空格部分表示“貿(mào)易分歧惡化了關(guān)系”，因此四個選項中只有jeopardize符合。句意：貿(mào)易限制問題上的分歧可能嚴(yán)重危及兩國關(guān)系。因此，該題選擇B項正確。

7.單選題

Chinawill___smokinginmostpublicplaceslaterthisyear.

問題1選項

A.ban

B.fight

C.against

D.object

【答案】A

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.ban禁止；取締B.fight與……斗爭

C.against反對，違反（介詞）D.object提出……作為反對的理由；反對；拒絕

【考查點】近義詞辨析。

【解題思路】A、B、C、D四個選項都有“反對”的意思。由空格處可知，空格前是助動詞will，因此空格處填一個動詞?？崭窈蠼觿釉~的ing形式。只有A選項ban“禁止”滿足這兩個條件。因此選項A選項正確。

【干擾項排除】

B選項fight加介詞加doingsth；

C選項against是介詞；

D選項object的用法是objectsth或objecttodoingsth。

以上選項均不搭配。

【句意】今年晚些時候，中國將在大部分公共場所禁煙。

8.單選題

Theoldhouseattheendofthestreethasrecentlybeen（）.

問題1選項

A.pulled

B.leveled

C.erased

D.demolished

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項pulled“拉；牽引”；B選項leveled“瞄準(zhǔn)；拉平”；C選項erased“抹去；擦掉”；D選項demolished“拆毀；破壞”。句意：街尾的那座老房子最近被……了。句中的oldhouse“老房子”最近被拆遷了。因此D選項符合題意。

9.單選題

Thepartsofthemachinewhichexperiencealotoffrictionhavetobemadefrom（）materials.

問題1選項

A.sufferable

B.bearable

C.durable

D.enumerable

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。sufferable“可忍耐的，可容忍的”；bearable“可忍受的，支持得住的”；durable“耐用的，持久的”；enumerable“可列舉的，可點數(shù)的”。句意：經(jīng)過大量摩擦的機(jī)器零部件必須使用耐用的材料。選項C符合題意。

10.寫作題

Forthispartyouarerequiredtowriteacompositionofnolessthan150wordsaccordingtothefollowingtopic.PleasewriteyourcompositionclearlyontheAnswerSheetprovided.

TOPIC:

InChina,manycompanies,organizations,evenuniversities,refusetoemployfemaleschoolgraduates.Duringeconomicrecession,femaleemployeesarefrequentlythefirsttobelaidoff.Isitfair?Pleasewriteanessaytoexplainyourposition.Pleaseuseadequatematerialtosupportyourposition.

【答案】UnfairtoWoman11.翻譯題

Allmenarecreatedequal,thattheyareendowedbytheirCreatorwithinherentandunalienablerights,thatamongthesearelife,liberty,andthepursuitofhappiness;thattosecuretheserights,governmentsareinstitutedamongmen,derivingtheirjustpowersfromtheconsentofthegoverned;thatwheneveranyformofgovernmentbecomesdestructiveoftheseends,itistherightofthepeopletoalterortoabolishit,andtoinstitutenewgovernment;...

TranslatethefollowingshortparagraphsintoChinese

【答案】人人生而平等，造物者賦予他們與生俱來的不可剝奪的權(quán)利。包括生命權(quán)、自由權(quán)、追求快樂的權(quán)利。為了保障這些權(quán)利，政府被創(chuàng)立了，擁有被統(tǒng)治者同意的權(quán)力。無論什么時候任何形式的政府對這些目標(biāo)有破壞作用時，人們有權(quán)利改變或者廢除它。并且建立新的政府。

12.不定項選擇題

Richard,KingofEnglandfrom1189to1199,withallhischaracteristicvirtuesandfaultscastinaheroicmould,isoneofthemostfascinatingmedievalfigures.Hehasbeendescribedascreatureandsymboloftheageofchivalry.Inthosedaysthelionwasmuchadmiredinheraldry,andmorethanonekingsoughttolinkhimselfwithitsfame.WhenRichard’scontemporariescalledhim“CoeurdeLion”(TheLionHeart),theypaidalastingcomplimenttothekingofbeasts.LittledidtheEnglishpeopleowehimforhisservices,andheavilydidtheypayforhisadventures.HewasinEnglandonlytwiceforafewshortmonthsinhistenyears’reign;yethismemoryhasalwaysbeeninEnglishhearts,andseemstopresentthroughoutthecenturiesthepatternofthefightingman.Inalldeedsofbraveryaswellasinlargeschemesofwar,Richardshone.Hewastallanddelicatelyshaped,stronginnerveandmuscles.Herejoicedinpersonalcombat;andborenoill-willagainsthisopponents.Helovedwar,notsomuchforthesakeofgloryorpoliticalends,butasothermenlovescienceorpoetry,fortheexcitementofthestruggleandtheglowofvictory.Bythis,hiswholetemperamentwastoned;andunitedwiththehighestqualitiesofthemilitarycommander,loveofwarcalledforthallthepowersofhismindandbody.

Althoughamanofbloodandviolence,Richardwastooimpetuoustobeeithertreacherousorhabituallycruel.Hewasasreadytoforgiveashewashastytooffend;hewasopen-handed;inwarcarefulindesignandskilfulinexecution;inpoliticsachild,lackingintacticandexperience.Hispoliticalallianceswereformeduponhislikesanddislikes;hispoliticalschemeshadneitherunitynorclearnessofpurpose.Theadvantagesgainedforhimbymilitarygeniuswereflungawaythroughdiplomaticineptitude.When,onthejourneytotheEast,MessinainSicilywaswonbyhisarms,hewaseasilypersuadedtosharewithhispolished,faithlessally,PhilipAugustus,fruitsofavictorywhichmorewiselyusedmighthavefailedtheFrenchKing’sartfulschemes.TherichandtenableacquisitionofCypruswascastawayevenmoreeasilythanitwaswon.Hislifewasonemagnificentparade,which,whenended,leftonlyanemptyplain.

In1199,whenthedifficultiesofraisingrevenuefortheendlesswarwereattheirheight,goodnewswasbroughttoKingRichard.ItwassaidtherehadbeendugupnearthecastleofChaluz,onthelandsofoneofhisFrenchvassals,atreasureofwonderfulqualify:agroupofgoldenimagesofanemperor,hiswife,sonsanddaughters,seatedroundatable,alsoofgold,hadbeenunearthed.TheKingclaimedthistreasureaslordparamount.ThelordofChaluzresistedthedemand,andtheKinglaidsiegetohissmall,weakcastle.Onthethirdday,herodedaringly,nearthewall,confidentinhishard-triedluck,aboltfromacrossbowstruckhiminleftshoulderbytheneck.Thewound,alreadydeep,wasworsenedbythenecessarycuttingoutofthearrow-head.Gangrenesetin,andCoeurdeLionknewthathemustpayasoldier’sdebt.Hepreparedfordeathwithcourageandcalmandinaccordancewiththeprincipleshehadfollowed.Hearrangedhisaffairs,hedividedhispersonalbelongingsamonghisfriendsorgavethemtocharity.HedeclaredJohntobehisheir,andmadeallpresentswearfaithfulnesstohim.Heorderedthearcherwhohadshotthefetalbolt,andwhowasnowaprisoner,tobebroughtbeforehim.Hepardonedhimandmadehimagiftofmoney.ForsevenyearshehadnotconfessedforfearofbeingcompelledtobereconciledtoPhilip,butnowhereceivedtheofficesoftheChurchwithsincereandexemplarypiety,anddiedintheforty-secondyearofhisageonApril6,1199,worthy,bytheconsentofallmen,tositwithKingArthurandRolandasanotherheroofmartialromanceatsomeEternalRoundTable,whichwetrusttheCreatoroftheUniverseinHiscomprehensionwillnothaveforgottentoprovide.

Thearcherwasskinnedalive.

1.“LittledidtheEnglishpeopleowehimforhisservice”(Paragraph1)meansthattheEnglish（）.

2.Tosaythathislifewasa“magnificentparade”(Paragraph2)impliesthatitwastosomeextent（）.

3.ThepointofthelastshortparagraphisthatRichardwas（）.

4.WhichofthefollowingphrasebestdescribesRichardasseenbytheauthor?

5.Therelationshipbetweenthefirstandsecondparagraphsisthat（）.

問題1選項

A.paidfewtaxestohim

B.gavehimlittlerespect

C.receivedlittleprotectionfromhim

D.hadnorealcausetofeelgratefultohim

問題2選項

A.spentchieflyatwar

B.impressiveandadmirable

C.livedtooprosperously

D.anemptyshow

問題3選項

A.cheatedbyhisownsuccessors

B.determinedtotakerevengeonhisenemies

C.moregeneroustohisenemiesthanhissuccessors

D.unabletoinfluencethebehaviorofhissuccessors

問題4選項

A.Anaggressiveking,toofondofwar.

B.Abravekingwithminorfaults.

C.Acompetentbutcunningsoldier.

D.Akingwithgreatpoliticalskills.

問題5選項

A.eachpresentsonesideofthepicture

B.thefirstgeneralizeswhilethesecondgivesexamples

C.thesecondisthelogicalresultofthefirst

D.bothpresentRichard’svirtuesandfaults

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:判斷推理題。由題干定位到第一段第五句話“LittledidtheEnglishpeopleowehimforhisservices,andheavilydidtheypayforhisadventures”（英國人很少有能感激他幫助的方面，卻為他的冒險付出了沉重的代價）可知英國人沒有真正的理由對他表示感激，且owe具有感激的意思。A選項“很少向他交稅”沒有原文依據(jù)；B選項“不尊重他”、C選項“幾乎沒有得到他的保護(hù)”兩項均說法錯誤，他在人們心中是一個戰(zhàn)士的形象，所以人們是很尊重他的，也得到了其保護(hù)。因此D選項正確。

第2題:判斷推理題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“magnificentparade”定位到第二段最后一句話“Hislifewasonemagnificentparade,which,whenended,leftonlyanemptyplain”（他的一生就像一場華麗的游行，當(dāng)游行結(jié)束時，只剩下一片空曠的平原）可知這里的magnificentparade是一片空曠的平原，即D選項徒勞的表演與語義相符。A選項“主要用于戰(zhàn)爭”說法過于絕對；B選項“令人印象深刻欽佩”沒有原文依據(jù)；C選項“生活得太富裕”說法錯誤，在后面甚至背上了債務(wù)。因此D選項正確。

第3題:判斷推理題。由題干定位到本文最后一段“Thearcherwasskinnedalive”（弓箭手被活剝了皮），再結(jié)合第三段的倒數(shù)第二句話“Hepardonedhimandmadehimagiftofmoney”（他赦免了他，并給了他一筆錢）可知理查德不能影響他的繼任者的行為。A選項“被自己的繼任者欺騙”、B選項“他決心向他的敵人報仇”、C選項“對他的敵人比他的繼任者更慷慨”在文中沒有體現(xiàn)。因此D選項正確。

第4題:判斷推理題。由題干定位到第一段的第七句話“Inalldeedsofbraveryaswellasinlargeschemesofwar,Richardshone”（在所有的英勇行為和大規(guī)模的戰(zhàn)爭計劃中，理查德都很出色）可知他是很英勇的；再結(jié)合第二段的第一句話“Althoughamanofbloodandviolence,Richardwastooimpetuoustobeeithertreacherousorhabituallycruel”（雖然理查德是一個充滿血腥和暴力的人，但他太沖動了，既不奸詐，也不殘忍）可知理查德是一位英勇的國王，但也犯了很多錯誤，所以B選項與題意相符。A選項“一個好斗的國王，太喜歡戰(zhàn)爭了”說法錯誤，理查德不是好斗的，只是喜歡戰(zhàn)斗，但是對對手沒有惡意；C選項“一個有能力但狡猾的士兵”說法錯誤；D選項“具有高超政治技巧的國王”，理查德在政治上就像個孩子，缺乏策略和經(jīng)驗。因此B選項正確。

第5題:判斷推理題。由題干定位到第二段的第一句話“Althoughamanofbloodandviolence,Richardwastooimpetuoustobeeithertreacherousorhabituallycruel.”（雖然理查德是一個充滿血腥和暴力的人，但他太沖動了，既不奸詐，也不殘忍）可知第一段描述了理查德喜歡戰(zhàn)爭，第二段便寫到他不是天生就是血腥和暴力的，由此推測一、二兩段分別描述了理查德的不同方面。B選項“第一個是概括，第二個是舉例”說法錯誤，兩者是并列的，只是介紹了理查德的不同方面；C選項“后者是前者的邏輯結(jié)果”、D選項“兩者都展示了理查的優(yōu)點和缺點”均說法錯誤，這兩段是并列的關(guān)系，不是因果關(guān)系，且沒有都介紹了其優(yōu)點與缺點。因此A選項正確。

13.單選題

Thecarwasingoodworking（）whenIboughtitafewmonthsago.

問題1選項

A.order

B.form

C.state

D.circumstance

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項order表示“條理，順序，命令”，B選項form表示“形態(tài)，方式，外形，表格”，C選項state表示“狀態(tài)，狀況”，D選項circumstance表示“情況，環(huán)境，經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況”。

由句意可知，我?guī)讉€月前買這輛車時候，它的運作狀態(tài)還是很好的。短語ingoodorder表示“性能良好”；而ingoodform表示“很健康、高興，狀態(tài)佳”，常用來形容人；其余選項則沒有這樣的搭配。因此，本題正確答案為A選項。

14.單選題

Therehasbeensomuchmedia（）ofthecomingelectionthatpeoplehavegotboredwithit.

問題1選項

A.circulation

B.concern

C.broadcasting

D.coverage

【答案】C

【解析】本題考查了名詞的辨析。circulation“循環(huán)（血液等）；流通（貨幣，消息等）；發(fā)行量（專輯，書等）”；concern“關(guān)心；關(guān)系”；broadcasting“播放；廣播節(jié)目”；coverage“聚集；匯集”，根據(jù)此處的media可知此處應(yīng)該填寫一個與新聞媒體相關(guān)的名詞，四個選項中只有broadcasting最符合，正確答案為選項C。

15.單選題

Theconstructionofandtheoriesreflectsthescientists’interpretationof（

）whathasbeenobserved.

問題1選項

A.prototypes

B.hypotheses

C.fantasies

D.imaginations

【答案】B

【解析】名詞詞義辨析A選項prototype“原型，雛形”；B選項hypothesis“假說，假設(shè)”；C選項fantasy“幻想，空想”；D選項imagination“想象力，想象”；根據(jù)由and連接與空格所填詞語并列的theories可以確定，題干強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“研究的假設(shè)和理論”，所以B選項正確。

16.單選題

AmongtheastronomersofancientGreece,twotheories（）concerningtheplaceoftheearthintheuniverse.

問題1選項

A.developing

B.indevelopment

C.developed

D.whichtheydeveloped

【答案】C

【解析】語法題。考查謂語動詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，句子主語為twotheories（兩種理論），空格后面的“concerning”為動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞做后置定語，因此空格處應(yīng)填入一個謂語動詞，四個選項中，只有C項可做謂語。句意：古希臘的天文學(xué)家創(chuàng)立了兩種關(guān)于地球在宇宙中的位置的理論。

17.單選題

Thereismuchdiscussiontodayabouttheneedforthegovernmentto（

）thetheatre.

問題1選項

A.substitute

B.subsidize

C.subscribe

D.subordinate

【答案】B

【解析】動詞辨析題。A選項substitute“代替”；B選項subsidize“資助”；C選項subscribe“簽署，贊成”；D選項subordinate“使服從”。句意：今天將重點討論政府是否有必要對劇院進(jìn)行補貼。選項B符合句意。

18.單選題

Thecaseforcollegehasbeenacceptedwithoutquestionformorethanageneration.Allhighschoolgraduatesoughttogo,saysconventionalwisdomandstatisticalevidence,becausecollegewillhelpthemearnmoremoney,become“better”people,andlearntobemoreresponsiblecitizensthanthosewhodon’tgo.

Butcollegehasneverbeenabletoworkitsmagicforeveryone.Andnowthatclosetohalfourhighschoolgraduatesareattending,thosewhodon’tfitthepatternarebecomingmorenumerous,andmoreobvious.Collegegraduatesaresellingshoesanddrivingtaxis;collegestudentsinterferewitheachother’sexperimentsandwritefalselettersofrecommendationintheintensecompetitionforadmissiontograduateschool.Othersfindnostimulationintheirstudies,anddropout—oftenencouragedbycollegeadministrators.

Someobserverssaythefaultiswiththeyoungpeoplethemselves—theyarespoiledandtheyareexpectingtoomuch.Butthatisacondemnationofthestudentsasawhole,anddoesnotexplainallcampusunhappiness.Othersblamethestateoftheworld,andtheyarepartlyright.We’vebeentoldthatyoungpeoplehavetogotocollegebecauseoureconomycannotabsorbanarmyofuntrained18-year-olds.Butdisappointedgraduatesarelearningthatitcannolongerabsorbanarmyoftrained22-year-olds,either.

Someadventuresomeeducatorsandcampuswatchershaveopenlybeguntosuggestthatcollegemaynotbethebest,theproper,theonlyplaceforeveryyoungpersonafterthecompletionofhighschool.Wemayhavebeenlookingatallthosesurveysandstatisticsupsidedown,itseems,andthroughtherosyglowofourownrememberedcollegeexperiences.Perhapscollegedoesnotmakepeopleintelligent,ambitious,happy,liberal,orquicktolearnthings—maybeit’sjusttheotherwayaround,andintelligent,ambitious,happy,liberal,quick-learningpeopleareonlytheoneswhohavebeenattractedtocollegeinthefirstplace.Andperhapsallthosesuccessfulcollegegraduateswouldhavebeensuccessfulwhethertheyhadgonetocollegeornot.Thisisheresy（異端邪說）tothoseofuswhohavebeenbroughtuptobelievethatiflittleschoolingisgood,morehastobemuchbetter.Butcontraryevidenceisbeginningtomountup.

1.Accordingtothepassage,theauthorbelievesthat（

）

2.IntheLine2,the2ndparagraph,“thosewhodon’tfitthepattern”refersto（

）

3.Thedrop-outrateofcollegestudentsseemstogoupbecause（

）

4.Accordingtothepassagetheproblemsofcollegeeducationpartlyarisefromthefactthat（

）

5.Inthispassagetheauthorarguesthat（

）.

問題1選項

A.peopleusedtoquestionthevalueofcollegeeducation

B.peopleusedtohavefullconfidenceinhighereducation

C.allhighschoolgraduateswenttocollege

D.veryfewhighschoolgraduateschosetogotocollege

問題2選項

A.high-schoolgraduateswhoaren’tsuitableforcollegeeducation

B.collegegraduateswhoaresellingshoesanddrivingtaxis

C.collegestudentswhoaren’tanybetterfortheirhighereducation

D.Highschoolgraduateswhofailedtobeadmittedtocollege

問題3選項

A.youngpeoplearedisappointedwiththeconventionalwayofteachingatcollege

B.manyyoungpeoplearerequiredtojointhearmy

C.youngpeoplehavelittlemotivationinpursuingahighereducation

D.youngpeopledon’tliketheintensecompetitionforadmissiontograduateschool

問題4選項

A.societycannotprovideenoughjobsforproperlytrainedcollegegraduates

B.highschoolgraduatesdonotfitthepatternofcollegeeducation

C.toomanystudentshavetoearntheirownliving

D.collegeadministratorsencouragestudentstodropout

問題5選項

A.moreandmoreevidenceshowscollegeeducationmaynotbethebestthingforhighschoolgraduates

B.collegeeducationisnotenoughifonewantstobesuccessful

C.collegeeducationbenefitsonlytheintelligent,ambitious,andquick-learningpeople

D.intelligentpeoplemaylearnquickeriftheydon’tgotocollege

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】1.文章第一段提到不止一代人認(rèn)為接受大學(xué)教育是無可爭議的，所有高中畢業(yè)生都應(yīng)該去上大學(xué)，因為大學(xué)會讓他們賺更多的錢，成為更好的人。選項B說過去的人們對高等教育充滿信心，符合題意。

2.第二段第二句話的前半句Andnowthatclosetohalfourhighschoolgraduatesareattending“既然有差不多一半的高中生都去上大學(xué)”，pattern在這里顯然就是指第一段提到的“上大學(xué)能讓自己變好，賺更多錢”這個模式，don’fitthepattern就是與之相反的，就是上大學(xué)并沒有使他們變好，所以選項C符合題意。

3.文章第二段othersfindnosimulationintheirstudies,anddropout是學(xué)生輟學(xué)的原因，因為他們找不到學(xué)習(xí)的動力，選項C符合題意。

4.文章第三段主要講高等教育失敗的原因，既有個人的原因，也有社會的原因。We’vebeentoldthatyoungpeoplehavetogotocollegebecauseoureconomycannotabsorbanarmyofuntrained18-year-olds.Butdisappointedgraduatesarelearningthatitcannolongerabsorbanarmyoftrained22-year-olds,either.這句話主要表達(dá)的意思是社會無法給畢業(yè)生提供就業(yè)崗位，所以選項A符合題意。

5.文章最后一段提到一些敢于挑戰(zhàn)傳統(tǒng)的教育家和校園觀察員公開建議說大學(xué)也許不是那些完成高中課程的年輕人最合適的唯一的去處，盡管這種想法被認(rèn)為是異端邪說，但是已經(jīng)有越來越多的證據(jù)來證明其正確性。所以選項A符合題意。

19.單選題

Asisknowntoall,（）commoditieswilldefinitelydoharmtoourlifesoonerorlater.

問題1選項

A.counterfeit

B.fake

C.imitative

D.fraudulent

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。counterfeit“假冒的，偽造的”，強(qiáng)調(diào)“出于非法意圖而假冒偽造”；fake“假的”，目的不一定是為了騙人，比如冒牌或代用品；imitative“模仿的”；fraudulent“欺騙性的”。句意：眾所周知，假冒商品遲早會傷害我們的生命。選項A符合題意。

20.單選題

Ifwecontinuetoargueoverminorpointswewon’tget（

）nearasolution.

問題1選項

A.somewhere

B.nowhere

C.anywhere

D.everywhere

【答案】C

【解析】考查副詞辨析。somewhere“某個地方”；getsomewhere“有進(jìn)展，有結(jié)果”；nowhere“無處；任何地方”；getnowhere“無進(jìn)展；無結(jié)果”；anywhere“任何地方”；everywhere“每個地方”。句意：如果我們繼續(xù)為小事爭吵的話，我們找不到任何解決問題的方法。由前半句的假設(shè)的內(nèi)容可推知不好的結(jié)果。答案C

21.填空題

Thisafternoonwe’remeetingwith（1）E.U.environmentalofficialandsomeAustralianspecialiststotalkabouthowto（2）groundwaterpollutionintheTianjinarea.

【答案】1.an

2.prevent

【解析】1.語法題?？疾椴欢ü谠~。第一個空格后的“official官員”為單數(shù)知第一個空格應(yīng)填一個不定冠詞a或an,再由EU的發(fā)音“[，i:'ju:]"中第一個字母為元音發(fā)音知第一個空應(yīng)填“an”。

2.語義題。句意:探討天津地區(qū)地下水污染防治對策

22.單選題

Howdotheprofessionaltimekeepersoftheworddetermine,totheprecisenanosecond,whenanewyearbegins?Theysimplyconsultanatomicclock.Andattheendoflastmonth,justintimetoringinthenewyear,theHewlett-Packardcompany,ofPaloAlto,California,unveiledthelatestinthesemeticuloustime-pieces.F