考研考博-英語-北京郵電大學(xué)世紀學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-北京郵電大學(xué)世紀學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Thereisnopoint（

）thegame,unlessyoupracticeeveryday.

問題1選項

A.tolearntoplay

B.bylearningtoplay

C.inlearningtoplay

D.havinglearnedtoplay

【答案】C

【解析】句意:除非你天天練習(xí)，不然學(xué)玩游戲是沒有意義的。

考查固定搭配。Thereisnopointindoingsth.做某事沒意義。

2.單選題

Itonlytookafewsecondsforhertosize（）thesituation.

問題1選項

A.over

B.up

C.on

D.to

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定短語搭配。根據(jù)題干可知考查sizeup“打量；估計……的大小；判斷”，其他的選項都沒有這種搭配。句意：她只花了幾秒鐘審時度勢。因此B選項正確。

3.單選題

MakingEveryDropCount

AThehistoryofhumancivilizationisentwinedwiththehistoryofthewayswehavelearnedtomanipulatewaterresources.Astownsgraduallyexpanded,waterwasbroughtfromincreasinglyremotesources,leadingtosophisticatedengineeringeffortssuchasdamsandaqueducts.AttheheightoftheRomanEmpire,ninemajorsystems,withaninnovativelayoutofpipesandwell-builtsewers,suppliedtheoccupantsofRomewithasmuchwaterperpersonasisprovidedinmanypartsoftheindustrialworldtoday.

BDuringtheindustrialrevolutionandpopulationexplosionofthe19thand20thcenturies,thedemandforwaterrosedramatically.Unprecedentedconstructionoftensofthousandsofmonumentalengineeringprojectsdesignedtocontrolfloods,protectcleanwatersupplies,andprovidewaterforirrigationandhydropowerbroughtgreatbenefitstohundredsofmillionsofpeople.Foodproductionhaskeptpacewithsoaringpopulationsmainlybecauseoftheexpansionofartificialirrigationsystemsthatmakepossiblethegrowthof40%oftheworld’sfood.Nearlyonefifthofalltheelectricitygeneratedworldwideisproducedbyturbinesspunbythepoweroffallingwater.

CYetthereisadarksidetothispicture,despiteourprogress,halfoftheworld’spopulationsstillsuffers,withwaterservicesinferiortothoseavailabletotheancientGreeksandRomans.AstheUnitedNationsreportonaccesstowaterreiteratedinNovember2001,morethanonebillionpeoplelackaccesstocleandrinkingwater,sometwoandahalfbilliondonothaveadequatesanitationservices.Preventablewater-relateddiseaseskillanestimated10,000to20,0000childreneveryday,andthelatestevidencesuggeststhatwearefallingbehindineffortstosolvetheseproblems.

DTheconsequencesofourwaterpoliciesextendbeyondjeopardizinghumanhealth.Tensofmillionsofpeoplehavebeenforcedtomovefromtheirhomes—oftenwithlittlewarningorcompensation—tomakewayforthereservoirsbehinddams.Morethan20%ofallfreshwaterfishspeciesarenowthreatenedorendangeredbecausedamsandwaterwithdrawalshavedestroyedthefree-flowingriverecosystemswheretheythrive.Certainirrigationpracticesdegradesoilqualityandreduceagriculturalproductivity.GroundwateraquifersarebeingpumpeddownfasterthantheyarenaturallyreplenishedinpartsofIndia,China,theUSAandelsewhere.Anddisputesoversharedwaterresourceshaveledtoviolenceandcontinuetoraiselocal,nationalandeveninternationaltensions.

EAttheoutsetofthenewmillennium,however,thewayresourceplannersthinkaboutwaterisbeginningtochange.Thefocusisslowlyshiftingbacktotheprovisionofbasichumanandenvironmentalneedsastoppriorityensuring‘someforall’，insteadof‘moreforsome’.Somewaterexpertsarenowdemandingthatexistinginfrastructurebeusedinsmarterwaysratherthanbuildingnewfacilities,whichisincreasinglyconsideredtheoptionoflast,notfirst,resort.Thisshiftinphilosophyhasnotbeenuniversallyaccepted,anditcomeswithstrongoppositionformsomeestablishedwaterorganizations.Nevertheless,itmaybetheonlywaytoaddresssuccessfullythepressingproblemsofprovidingeveryonewithcleanwatertodrink,adequatewatertogrowfoodandalifefreefrompreventablewater-relatedillness.

FFortunately—andunexpectedly—thedemandforwaterisnotrisingasrapidlyassomepredicted.Asaresult,thepressuretobuildnewwaterinfrastructureshasdiminishedoverthepasttwodecades.Althoughpopulation,industrialoutputandeconomicproductivityhavecontinuedtosoarindevelopednations,therateatwhichpeoplewithdrawwaterfromaquifers,riversandlakeshasslowed.Andinafewpartsoftheworld,demandhasactuallyfallen.

GWhatexplainsthisremarkableturnofevents?Twofactors:peoplehavefiguredouthowtousewatermoreefficiently,andcommunitiesarerethinkingtheirprioritiesforwateruse.Throughoutthefirstthree-quartersofthe20thcentury,thequantityoffreshwaterconsumedperpersondoubledonaverage;intheUSA，waterwithdrawalsincreasedtenfoldwhilethepopulationquadrupled.Butsince1980,theamountofwaterconsumedperpersonhasactuallydecreased,thankstoarangeofnewtechnologiesthathelptoconservewaterinhomesandindustry.In1965,forinstance,Japanusedapproximately13milliongallonsofwatertoproduce$1millionofcommercialoutput;by1989thishaddroppedto3.5milliongallons(evenaccountingforinflation)—almostaquadruplingofwaterproductivity.IntheUSA,waterwithdrawalshavefallenbymorethan20%fromtheirpeakin1980.

HOntheotherhand,dams,aqueductsandotherkindsofinfrastructurewillstillhavetobebuilt,particularlyindevelopingcountrieswherebasichumanneedshavenotbeenmet.Butsuchprojectsmustbebuilttohigherspecificationsandwithmoreaccountabilitytolocalpeopleandtheirenvironmentthaninthepast.Andeveninregionswherenewprojectsseemwarranted,wemustfindwaystomeetdemandswithfewerresources,respectingecologicalcriteriaandtoasmallerbudget.

1.WateruseperpersonishigherintheindustrialworldthanitwasinAncientRome.

2.Feedingincreasingpopulationsispossibledueprimarilytoimprovedirrigationsystems.

3.ModernwatersystemsimitatethoseoftheancientGreeksandRomans.

4.Industrialgrowthisincreasingtheoveralldemandforwater.

5.Moderntechnologieshaveledtoareductionindomesticwaterconsumption.

問題1選項

A.T(true)ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformation

B.F(false)ifthestatementcontradictstheinformation

C.NG(notgiven)ifthereisnoinformationonthisinthepassage

問題2選項

A.T(true)ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformation

B.F(false)ifthestatementcontradictstheinformation

C.NG(notgiven)ifthereisnoinformationonthisinthepassage

問題3選項

A.T(true)ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformation

B.F(false)ifthestatementcontradictstheinformation

C.NG(notgiven)ifthereisnoinformationonthisinthepassage

問題4選項

A.T(true)ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformation

B.F(false)ifthestatementcontradictstheinformation

C.NG(notgiven)ifthereisnoinformationonthisinthepassage

問題5選項

A.T(true)ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformation

B.F(false)ifthestatementcontradictstheinformation

C.NG(notgiven)ifthereisnoinformationonthisinthepassage

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.根據(jù)文章A段，“suppliedtheoccupantsofRomewithasmuchwaterperpersonasisprovidedinmanypartsoftheindustrialworldtoday.”，為羅馬居民提供的人均用水量，相當于當今工業(yè)世界許多地區(qū)的人均用水量。Asmuchas和表述中的higher相反，可判斷出工業(yè)世界的人均用水量和古羅馬時期相當，表述錯誤。

2.根據(jù)文章B段，“Foodproductionhaskeptpacewithsoaringpopulationsmainlybecauseoftheexpansionofartificialirrigationsystemsthatmakepossiblethegrowthof40%oftheworld’sfood.”，糧食產(chǎn)量的激增帶來了人口的增長，主要原因是人工灌溉系統(tǒng)的擴大，這使得世界40%的糧食產(chǎn)量得以增長?？膳袛喑鲋饕捎诠喔认到y(tǒng)的改善，養(yǎng)活越來越多的人口成為可能，表述正確。

3.根據(jù)文章C段，“halfoftheworld’spopulationsstillsuffers,withwaterservicesinferiortothoseavailabletotheancientGreeksandRomans.”，世界上一半的人口仍在遭受水資源不足的痛苦，供水服務(wù)不如古希臘和古羅馬人。文中并未提及現(xiàn)代是否模仿了古希臘和古羅馬的供水系統(tǒng)，所以表述在文中并未體現(xiàn)。

4.根據(jù)文章F段，“Althoughpopulation,industrialoutputandeconomicproductivityhavecontinuedtosoarindevelopednations,therateatwhichpeoplewithdrawwaterfromaquifers,riversandlakeshasslowed.”，盡管發(fā)達國家的人口、工業(yè)產(chǎn)出和經(jīng)濟生產(chǎn)力繼續(xù)增長，但人們從蓄水層、河流和湖泊取水的速度已經(jīng)放緩。所以工業(yè)的增長并沒有使人們增加對水的需求，表述錯誤。

5.根據(jù)文章G段，“Butsince1980,theamountofwaterconsumedperpersonhasactuallydecreased,thankstoarangeofnewtechnologiesthathelptoconservewaterinhomesandindustry.”，自1980年以來，由于一系列有利于家庭和工業(yè)節(jié)水的新技術(shù)，人均用水量實際上已經(jīng)呈下降趨勢。可判斷出現(xiàn)代技術(shù)確實已經(jīng)導(dǎo)致了人們生活用水量的減少，表述正確。

4.單選題

Theeveofthehurricaneappearstobetranquil.

問題1選項

A.calm

B.noisy

C.spiral

D.transparent

【答案】A

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.calm平靜的B.noisy吵鬧的

C.spiral螺旋形的D.transparent透明的

【答案】A

【考查點】語義銜接

【解題思路】劃線詞前面部分的語義為“颶風(fēng)來臨的前夕似乎是____”，由此可知，該詞是形容颶風(fēng)來臨之前的情況的，根據(jù)常識可知，暴風(fēng)雨來臨之前都是平靜的，A選項calm“平靜的”最符合原句語義銜接。原詞tranquil“平靜的”。

【干擾項排除】B、C、D選項不符合原句語義銜接。

【句意】颶風(fēng)來臨的前夕似乎很平靜。

5.單選題

Theinternationalsituationhasbeengrowing（

）difficultforthelastfewyears.

問題1選項

A.invariably

B.presumably

C.increasingly

D.dominantly

【答案】C

【解析】考查副詞辨析。invariable不變地，始終如一地；presumably大約，大概；increasingly越來越……地；dominantly占優(yōu)勢地，支配地。句意：在過去的幾年里，國際局勢變得越來越艱難。C項符合句意，答案C

6.單選題

Successfulscientistsalwayscheckstatementsandmakenewexperimentscarefullyandobjectivelyto______them.

問題1選項

A.infuse

B.verify

C.restore

D.refute

【答案】B

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.infuse灌輸；充滿B.verify核實，查證

C.restore恢復(fù)，還原；歸還D.refute反駁，駁斥

【答案】B

【考查點】動詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)句子意思“成功的科學(xué)家總是仔細地、客觀地檢查陳述，并進行新的實驗來______它們”可知，新的實驗一般都是用來證實一些結(jié)果或者發(fā)現(xiàn)，所以B項符合句意。

【干擾項排除】A、C、D項不符合句意。

【句意】成功的科學(xué)家總是仔細地、客觀地檢查陳述，并進行新的實驗來驗證它們。

7.單選題

Budgetforecastsaretheultimatelessonintakingthings（）inhindsight,mostforecastslookworsethanrandomguesses.

問題1選項

A.withastrokeofthepen

B.withawhipofscorpions

C.withagrainofsalt

D.withallduesubmission

【答案】C

【解析】固定搭配。withastrokeofthepen“一筆一劃”；withawhipofscorpions“用殘酷的高壓手段”；withagrainofsalt“持懷疑態(tài)度，有保留”；withallduesubmission“必恭必敬的”。句意：預(yù)算預(yù)估對事情的猜測持保留態(tài)度，大多數(shù)預(yù)測看起來比隨機猜測更糟。選項C符合題意。

8.填空題

Itdoesn’tmatterwhichroomafamilychoosestogatherin.Itcouldbeafavoritecomerofthekitchen,orawoodpaneledden.Whatdoes（

）isthattheychoosetobetogether.Foritisthesupport,thestrength,thebondsandtraditionsofthefamilythatgiveuswhatweallneedmostinlife.Allthesecanbefoundinagoodhome.Homeisthestagewherethedramaoflifeisplayed,theclassroomwherechildrenlearnright

（

）wrong,andtheplacewhereold-fashionedidealslikecourageandhonesty,respect

（

）

oneselfandothersarepassed

（

）

fromonegenerationtothe

（

）

.

Weareconcerned

（

）

theerosionofthesevaluesthatshouldbetaughtathome.Weseethegrowingproblemsofsociety—brokenhomes,crime,drugs,andjuveniledelinquency—andareshockedbythetraumatheyinflict

（

）

families,especiallychildren.Ourover-burdenedschoolscannolonger

（

）

theseproblemsconfrontingoursociety.Thereisonlyoneplacewherewecanregainthevaluesandintegritythatwill

（

）

theseills.Wemustturn

（

）

thehome—ourpieceoftheworld—theplacewhereitallbegins.

【答案】考查上下文語義。由前面的“Itdoesn’tmatterwhichroomafamilychoosestogatherin.”一個家庭選擇哪一個房間并不重要，可知填matter，此句意為：重要的是他們選擇在一起。

試題答案：matter

考查介詞搭配。from意為“（表示來源）來自……”，learnrightfromwrong意為“明白是非”。

試題答案：from

考查介詞搭配。respectfor意為“尊敬，尊重”。

試題答案：for

考查固定搭配。passdown意為“傳下來，傳承”。

試題答案：down

考查上下文語義。fromonegenerationtothenext意為“從一代到下一代”。

試題答案：next

考查介詞搭配。beconcernedaboutsth.意為“關(guān)心某事”。

試題答案：about

考查介詞搭配。inflicton意為“使……受痛苦”

試題答案：on

考查上下文語義。solveproblems意為“解決問題”。

試題答案：solve

考查上下文語義。curetheseills意為“治療這些疾病”。此句意為：只有在一個地方，我們才能重獲價值和誠信，才能治愈這些弊病。

試題答案：cure

考查介詞搭配。turnto意為“轉(zhuǎn)向”

試題答案：to

9.單選題

Ruleshavebeen（

）forthebehaviorofthemembersofthegolfclub.

問題1選項

A.lainoff

B.laindown

C.laidoff

D.laiddown

【答案】D

【解析】句意:針對高爾夫球俱樂部成員行為的制度己被制定。

考查短語辨析。四個選項分別是對應(yīng)動詞詞組的過去分詞形式表被動。Lieoff停止工作;liedown躺下（休息或睡眠）;layoff辭退）工人，脫掉（衣物），放棄;laydown放下,擱下,規(guī)定。由關(guān)鍵詞rules(制度)可知D符合句意。

10.單選題

Shortlyaftertheboatdocked,thepassengers______.

問題1選項

A.dismounted

B.disembarked

C.dispersed

D.disgruntled

【答案】B

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.dismounted下（馬、車等），卸下；取出B.disembarked登陸；上岸

C.dispersed分散；傳播D.disgruntled使……不高興，使慍怒

【答案】B

【考查點】動詞辨析。

【解題思路】由關(guān)鍵信息“Shortlyaftertheboatdocked（船靠岸后不久）”可知，船靠岸后，乘客自然是下船上岸，所以空格處填入disembark符合句意。故該題選擇A項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A項是指從馬、自行車、摩托車等陸地工具上下來，不符合句意；

C、D項不符合句意。

【句意】船靠岸后不久，乘客們就下船上岸了。

11.單選題

Theproblemwith（）biologicalinventions—unlike,say,gunsandexplosives—isthatoncereleased,theycanbreedbythemselves.

問題1選項

A.vicious

B.ferocious

C.malicious

D.malevolent

【答案】C

【解析】考查近義詞辨析。A選項vicious“惡毒的，惡意的”，強調(diào)的是“狂暴的；殘酷的”；B選項ferocious“殘忍的，驚人的”，強調(diào)的是“暴力的”；C選項malicious“蓄意的，懷恨的”，強調(diào)的是懷有惡意的；D選項malevolent“惡毒的，壞心腸的”，強調(diào)的是“人的心腸壞”。句意：與槍支和爆炸物等不同，惡毒生物的發(fā)明，其問題在于，一旦被釋放，它們可以自行繁殖。這里是指懷有惡意的生物學(xué)上的發(fā)明，所以選項C更符合語境。

12.單選題

Mostenvironmental______—fromclimatechangestofreshwaterandforesthabitatloss—havebecomemarkedlyworse.

問題1選項

A.symptoms

B.highlights

C.indicators

D.symbols

【答案】A

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.symptoms癥狀；征兆B.highlights最好（或最精彩、最激動人心）的部分

C.indicators指示信號D.symbols象征；符號

【考查點】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】空格后用了破折號，說明破折號的內(nèi)容是補充解釋空格處所要填的名詞，根據(jù)破折號內(nèi)的內(nèi)容“從氣候變化到淡水和森林棲息地的喪失”可知，這是環(huán)境惡化的征兆，故空格處表示“征兆”，該題選擇A項符合句意。

【干擾項排除】B、C、D項不符合句意。

【句意】大多數(shù)環(huán)境癥狀——從氣候變化到淡水和森林棲息地的喪失——已經(jīng)明顯惡化。

13.單選題

The（）totheCollinsfortunewillbeamillionairewhenMr.Collinsdies.

問題1選項

A.winner

B.heir

C.descendant

D.peer

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。winner“勝利者”；heir“繼承人”；descendant“后裔，子孫”;peer“貴族，同齡人”。根據(jù)whenMr.Collinsdies可知空格處是“繼承人”，選項B符合題意。句意：柯林斯先生去世后，他的繼承人將成為百萬富翁。

14.單選題

Humanbeingsspendalotoftimetryingtofigureoutwhatwillmakethemhappy,butnotnearlyenoughtimetryingto（

）thehappinesstheyalreadyhave.

問題1選項

A.hangonto

B.putupwith

C.lookdownon

D.goinfor

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。hangonto意為“緊緊握住”；putupwith意為“忍受，容忍”；lookdownon意為“看不起，輕視”；goinfor意為“從事”。句意：人類花了很多時間試圖找出什么會使他們快樂，但卻沒有足夠的時間去嘗試把握他們已經(jīng)擁有的幸福。

15.單選題

Whenevertwoormoreunusualtraitsorsituationsarefoundinthesameplace,itistemptingtolookformorethanacoincidentalrelationshipbetweenthem.ThehighHimalayasandtheTibetanplateaucertainlyhaveextraordinaryphysicalcharacteristics,andthecultureswhicharefoundtherearealsounusual,thoughnotunique.However,thereisnointentionofadoptingMontesquieu'sviewofclimateandsoilasculturaldeterminants.Theecologyofaregionmerelyposessomeoftheproblemsfacedbytheinhabitantsoftheregion,andwhiletheproblemsfacingacultureareimportanttoitsdevelopmenttheydonotdetermineit.

TheappearanceoftheHimalayasduringthelateTertiaryPeriodandtheaccompanyingfurtherraisingofthepreviouslyestablishedrangeshadamarkedeffectontheclimateoftheregion.Primarily,ofcourse,itblockedtheIndianmonsoonfromreachingCentralAsiaatall.Secondarily,airandmoisturefromotherdirectionswerealsoreduced.

PriortotheraisingoftheHimalayas,thelandnowformingtheTibetanuplandshadadrycontinentalclimatewithvegetationandanimallifesimilartothatofmuchoftherestoftheregiononthesameparallel,butsomewhatdifferentthanthatoftheareasfarthernorth,whichwerealreadydrier.WiththecomingoftheHimalayasandtherelativelysuddendryingoutoftheregion,therewasaseverethinningoutoftheanimalandplantpopulations.TheensuingincompletePleistoceneglaciationhadafurtherthinningeffect,butsignificantlydidnotwipeoutlifeinthearea.Thus,aftertheendoftheglaciationtherewereonlyafewvarietiesoflifeextantfromtheoriginalcontinentalspecies.IsolatedbytheKunlunrangefromtheTarimbasinandTurfandepression,specieswhichhadalreadyadaptedtothedrysteppeclimate,andwouldotherwisehavebeenexpectedtoflourishinTibet,theremainingnativefaunaandfloramultiplied.ArmanddescribestheTibetanfaunaasnothavinggreatvariety,butbeing“striking”intheabundanceoftheparticularspeciesthatarepresent.Theplantlifeissimilarlylimitedinvariety,withsomeobserversfindingnomorethanseventyvarietiesofplantsineventherelativelyfertileEasternTibetanvalleys,withfewerthantenfoodcrops.Tibetan“tea”isamajorstaple,perhapsreplacingtheunavailablevegetables.

Thedifficultiesoflivinginanenvironmentatoncedryandcold,andpopulatedwithspeciesmoreusuallyfoundinmorehospitableclimes,aregreat.Thesedifficultiesmaywellhaveinfluencedtheunusualpolyandroussocietiestypicaloftheregion.Lattimoreseesthemaintenanceofmultiple-husbandhouseholdsasbeingpreservedfromearlierformsbytheharshconditionsoftheTibetanuplands,whichpermittednoexperimentationand“froze”thecultureswhichcamethere.Kawakita,ontheotherhand,seesthepolyandryasawayofeasilypermittingthebesthouseholdertobecometheheadhusbandregardlessofage.HisdetailedstudiesoftheBhoteavillageofTsumjedoseemtosupportthisideaofpolyandryasamethodoftalentmobilityinasituationwhereeventhebesttalentisbarelyenoughforsurvival.

1.WhatwasthesignificanceofthefactthatthePleistoceneglaciationdidnotwipeoutlifeentirelyinthearea?

2.WhichofthefollowingmostlikelybestdescribesTibetan“tea”？

3.Theauthor'sknowledgeofTibetisprobably（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage:whichofthefollowingwouldprobablybethemostagreeabletoMontesquieu?

5.ThespeciesoffaunaandfloraremaininginTibetafterthePleistoceneglaciationcanproperlybecalledcontinentalbecausethey（

）.

問題1選項

A.Withoutlife,mancouldnotflourisheither.

B.Thedryingoutwastoosuddenformostplantstoadapttotheclimate.

C.Iftheregionhadbeendevoidoflife,someoftheotherspeciesfromnearby,aridareasmightpossiblyhavetakenoverthearea.

D.ThevarietyofTibetanlifewasdecreased.

問題2選項

A.agreentinteddrinksimilartoChinesebasket-friedgreentea

B.anutritiousmixtureoftealeavesandrancidyakbutter

C.adarkbrownteadrink,carefullystrained

D.ahighcaffeinedrink

問題3選項

A.basedonfirsthandexperience

B.theresultofLifelongstudy

C.limitedtogeologicalhistory

D.derivedonlyfrombooks

問題4選項

A.Theplantsofacountry,bybeingthefoodofitspeople,causethepeopletohavesimilarviewstooneanother.

B.Someregionswithsimilarclimateswillhavesimilarcultures.

C.Culturesinthesamearea,sharingsoilandclimate,willbeessentiallyidentical.

D.Europeanculturesareliberatedtosomedegreefromdeterminism.

問題5選項

A.areoriginallyfoundincontinentalclimates

B.aretheonlylifeformsinTibet,whichisasbigasacontinent

C.havebeenfoundinotherpartsoftheAsiancontinent

D.arefoundinalandmassthatusedtobeaseparatecontinent

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.判斷推理題。定位到第三段：“WiththecomingoftheHimalayasandtherelativelysuddendryingoutoftheregion,therewasaseverethinningoutoftheanimalandplantpopulations.TheensuingincompletePleistoceneglaciationhadafurtherthinningeffect.隨著喜馬拉雅山脈的形成和該地區(qū)相對突然的干旱，動物和植物的數(shù)量急劇減少。隨后發(fā)生的不完全更新世冰川作用使冰川進一步變薄?！笨芍狣項“藏族生活的多樣性減少”正確。

2.判斷推理題。由第三段：Tibetan“tea”isamajorstaple,perhapsreplacingtheunavailablevegetables.藏茶是主要的食品，可以替代難以吃到的蔬菜。由此可以推知：藏茶是主食之一，由于蔬菜品種很少，所以用藏茶來補充因蔬菜攝入不足所缺乏的營養(yǎng)。B項“茶葉與發(fā)酵牦牛酥的營養(yǎng)混合物”；A項“—種綠茶，類似于漢族的籃炒綠茶”。C項“經(jīng)過細致過濾的深棕色茶品”。D項含高咖啡因的飲品。既然是要補充蔬菜攝入不足導(dǎo)致的營養(yǎng)缺乏，自然要用有營養(yǎng)的物質(zhì)來替代。故B項正確。

3.判斷推理題。本文中沒有涉及作者的研究和經(jīng)歷，第三段引用了Armand的描述，第四段中講到了Lattimore和Kawakita的看法。A項“基于第一手經(jīng)驗”；B項“終身學(xué)習(xí)的結(jié)果”；C項“限于地質(zhì)歷史”；D項“僅從書本中獲得”故D項正確。

4.細節(jié)事實題。由“However,thereisnointentionofadoptingMontesquieu'sviewofclimateandsoilasculturaldeterminants.Theecologyofaregionmerelyposessomeoftheproblemsfacedbytheinhabitantsoftheregion,andwhiletheproblemsfacingacultureareimportanttoitsdevelopmenttheydonotdetermineit.但是，并沒有打算采用孟德斯鳩關(guān)于氣候和土壤是文化決定因素的觀點。一個區(qū)域的生態(tài)只造成該區(qū)域居民所面臨的一些問題，雖然一種文化所面臨的問題對其發(fā)展很重要，但這些問題并沒有決定它的發(fā)展。”可知C項“Culturesinthesamearea,sharingsoilandclimate,willbeessentiallyidentical.同一地區(qū)的文化，共享土壤和氣候，本質(zhì)上是相同的。”正好與孟德斯鳩的觀點相符。

5.細節(jié)事實題。由第三段中：“Thus,aftertheendoftheglaciationtherewereonlyafewvarietiesoflifeextantfromtheoriginalcontinentalspecies.因此，在冰期結(jié)束后，現(xiàn)存的來自原始大陸物種的生命種類只有幾個。”可知A項“原產(chǎn)于大陸氣候”正確。

16.單選題

SinceWorldWarII,therehasbeenaclearlydiscernibletrend,especiallyamongthegrowinggroupofcollegestudents,towardearlymarriage.Manyyouthsbegindatinginthefirststagesofadolescence,gosteadythroughhighschool,andmarrybeforetheirformaleducationhasbeencompleted.Insomequarters,thereismuchshakingofgrayinglooksandcluckingofmiddle-agedtonguesoverthewaysof"waywardyouth."However,emotionalmaturityisnorespecterofbirthdays;itdoesn'tarriveautomaticallyattwenty-oneortwenty-five.Someachieveitsurprisinglyearly,whileothersneverdo,eveninthree-scoreyearsandten.

Manystudentsaremarryingasanescape,notonlyfromanunsatisfyinghomelife,butalsofromtheirownpersonalproblemsofisolationandloneliness.Anditcanalmostbeputdownasadictumthatanymarriageenteredintoasanescapecannotproveentirelysuccessful.Thesadfactisthatmarriageseldomsolvesone'sproblems;moreoften,itmerelyaccentuatesthem.Furthermore,itisdoubtfulwhetherthehomeasaninstitutioniscapableofcarryingailthattheyoungareseekingtoputintoit;onemightsayintheologicalterms,thattheyareforsakingoneidolonlytoworshipanother.Youngpeoplecorrectlyunderstandthattheirparentsarewronginbelievingthat"success”istheultimategood,buttheyerroneouslybelievethattheythemselveshavefoundthetruecenteroflife'smeaning.TheirexpectationsofmarriageareessentiallyUtopianandthereforeincapableoffulfillment.Theywanttoomuchandtragicdisillusionmentisoftenboundtofollow.

Shallwe,then,jointhechorusof"Miserere,"overearlymarriage?Onecannotgeneralize:allearlymarriagesarenotbadmorethanalllateronesaregood.Satisfactorymarriagesaredeterminednotbychronology,butbytheemotionalmaturityofthepartners.Therefore,eachcasemustbejudgedonitsownmerits.Iftheearlymarriageisnotanescape,ifitisenteredintowithrelativelyfewillusionsorfewfalseexpectations,andifitiseconomicallyfeasible,whynot?Goodmarriagescanbemadefromsixteentosixty,andsocanbadones.

1.Accordingtothisarticle,thetreadtowardearlymarriages（）.

2.Accordingtothisarticle,successfulmarriagesaredeterminedbytheemotionalmaturityofthepartnersandnotby（）.

3.Moreoftenthannot,earlymarriagewill（）.

4.Youthfulexpectationsofmarriagecanbedescribedas（）.

5.Fromthepassage,wecanconcludethat（）.

6.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat（）.

7.Youngpeoplecanmarryearly（）.

問題1選項

A.istheresultoftheGreatDepressionofthe30s

B.cannotbeeasilydetermined

C.isonethatcanbeclearlyseen

D.isanoutgrowthofthemorallaxitybroughtaboutbyWorldWarII

問題2選項

A.financialconsiderations

B.parentalconsent

C.educationalbackgrounds

D.chronologicalage

問題3選項

A.notaffectone'sproblems

B.solveaperson'sproblems

C.intensifyone'sproblems

D.easeone'sproblems

問題4選項

A.Utopian

B.realistic

C.materialistic

D.tragic

問題5選項

A.peoplematureemotionallyatdifferentpaces

B.peoplethatmarryearlyhaveamiserablelife

C.allyoungpeoplemarryearlierthantheirparentsexpected

D.earlymarriagesareasbadaslatemarriages

問題6選項

A.itisnaturalforparentstobelieve"success"istheultimategood

B.youngpeoplemarryearlyforvariousreasons

C.youngpeopledateasearlyastheygotoelementaryschool

D.manyoldpeopleandthemiddle-agedpeoplethinkpositivelyofearlymarriages

問題7選項

A.iftheyarenotlonelyandisolated

B.iftheybelievethattheyareemotionallymature

C.iftheyarecapableofdealingwithpersonalproblems

D.iftheyholdfewillusionsforamarriageandeconomicallyaffordit

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:A

第6題:B

第7題:D

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段的第一句“therehasbeenaclearlydiscernibletrend,especiallyamongthegrowinggroupofcollegestudents,towardearlymarriage.”可知,早婚是一個明顯的趨勢,所以選項C符合原文。

2.根據(jù)最后一段第三句“Satisfactorymarriagesaredeterminednotbychronology,butbytheemotionalmaturityofthepartners.”令人滿意的婚姻不是由時間順序決定的,而是由伴侶的情感成熟度決定的。選項D符合原文。

3.根據(jù)第二段第三句“Thesadfactisthatmarriageseldomsolvesone'sproblems;moreoften,itmerelyaccentuatesthem.”可悲的事實是,婚姻幾乎不會解決一個人的問題；更多的時候,它只是在強調(diào)問題。也就是使問題變得更激烈,所以選項C正確。

4.根據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)第二句“TheirexpectationsofmarriageareessentiallyUtopian...”可知選項A正確。

5.根據(jù)第一段最后兩句可知,情感成熟與年齡無關(guān),有的人很早就實現(xiàn)了,有的人從未實現(xiàn)過。由此可知,選項A符合原文。其他選項均表述太絕對,所以不正確。

6.根據(jù)第二段第一句“Manystudentsaremarryingasanescape,notonlyfromanunsatisfyinghomelife,butalsofromtheirownpersonalproblemsofisolationandloneliness.”許多學(xué)生把結(jié)婚作為一種逃避,不僅是為了逃避不滿意的家庭生活,也是為了逃避自己的孤立和孤獨。由此推斷,年輕人早婚的原因有很多。選項B正確。

7.根據(jù)最后一段倒數(shù)第二句“ifitisenteredintowithrelativelyfewillusionsorfewfalseexpectations,andifitiseconomicallyfeasible,whynot?”可知,選項D與原文描述一致。

17.翻譯題

FormanyChinesepeople,thebeginningof2011holdsthepromiseofafreshroundofeducationreforms,whichareexpectedtoboostthecountry’seducationqualitythroughincreasinggovernmentinvestment,narrowinggapsbetweenurbanandruralschools,achievinginternationallyacknowledgedhighereducationandreducingacademiccorruptionandbureaucracy.

Accordingtothelandmarkreformplan,governmentinvestmentwillincreasesteadilytosupporttheeducationsector,witheducationexpenditureamountingto4%ofGDPby2012.

Chinafirstpledgedtoincreaseitseducationspendingto4percentoftheGDPin1993,buthas,sofar,failedtoachievethetarget.Theplan,whichtookoneyearandninemonthstodrawupandinvitedpublicsubmissionontwoseparateoccasions,wasseenassettingthetoneforthedevelopmentofeducationsector,whichhaslongsufferedfromfundingshortageandunbalanceddevelopmentbetweenruralandurbanareas.

Thedevelopmentofeducation,rangingfrompreschooleducationtovocationaleducationinruralareas,willbeapriorityofthecountry’soveralldevelopmentprograms.

The22-chapterplansayspreschooleducationshouldbasicallybeuniversalby2020,andnine-yearcompulsoryeducationpolicyshouldbeconsolidated.Theenrolmentrateforseniormiddleschoolshouldbe90percentofschoolagechildren,whiletheenrolmentrateforhighereducationshouldbe40percentofhighschoolgraduates.

ThekeyforChinatobuildworld-leveluniversitiesliesinauthorizingtheeducators,studentsandsocietytoassessthequalityofeducation,allowingprofessorstoconductacademicresearchwithfullfreedomandempoweringstudentstoparticipateinuniversityadministration.

【答案】【參考譯文】對許多中國人而言，2011年初有望進