考研考博-英語-景德鎮(zhèn)陶瓷大學考試押題卷含答案詳解

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-景德鎮(zhèn)陶瓷大學考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Afterafewroundsoftalks,bothsidesregardedtheterritorydispute（）.

問題1選項

A.beingsettled

B.tobesettled

C.hadsettled

D.assettled

【答案】D

【解析】句意:經過幾次談話，雙方都認為這個領土紛爭已經解決了。

考查固定搭配。regardsth.asdone將某事看做已經完成了的事。因此選D項。

2.單選題

Therelationshipbetweenformaleducationandeconomicgrowthinpoorcountriesiswidelymisunderstoodbyeconomistsandpoliticiansalike.Progressinbothareaisundoubtedlynecessaryforthesocial,politicalandintellectualdevelopmentoftheseandallothersocieties,however,theconventionalviewthateducationshouldbeoneoftheveryhighestprioritiesforpromotingrapideconomicdevelopmentinpoorcountriesiswrong.Wearefortunatethatitis,becausebuildingneweducationalsystemsthereandputtingenoughpeoplethroughthemtoimproveeconomicperformancewouldrequiretwoorthreegenerations.Thefindingsofaresearchinstitutionhaveconsistentlyshownthatworkersinallcountriescanbetrainedonthejobtoachieveradicalhigherproductivityand,asaresult,radicallyhigherstandardsofliving.

Ironically,thefirstevidenceforthisideaappearedintheUnitedStates.Notlongago,withthecountryenteringarecessionandJapanatitspre-bubblepeak.TheU.S.workforcewasderidedaspoorlyeducatedandoneofprimarycauseofthepoorU.S.economicperformance.Japanwas,andremains,thegloballeaderinautomotive-assemblyproductivity.YettheresearchrevealedthattheU.S.factoriesofHonda,Nissan,andToyotaachievedabout95percentoftheproductivityoftheirJapanesecounterparts—aresultofthetrainingthatU.S.workersreceivedonthejob.

Morerecently,whileexaminehousingconstruction,theresearchersdiscoveredthatilliterate,non-English-speakingMexicanworkersinHouston,Texas,consistentlymetbest-practicelaborproductivitystandardsdespitethecomplexityofthebuildingindustry’swork.

Whatistherealrelationshipbetweeneducationandeconomicdevelopment?Wehavetosuspectthatcontinuingeconomicgrowthpromotesthedevelopmentofeducationevenwhengovernmentsdon’tforceit.Afterall,that’showeducationgotstarted.Whenourancestorswerehuntersandgatherers10,000yearsago,theydidn’thavetimetowondermuchaboutanythingbesidesfindingfood.Onlywhenhumanitybegantogetitsfoodinamoreproductivewaywastheretimeforotherthings.

Aseducationimproved,humanity'sproductivitypotentialincreasedaswell.Whenthecompetitiveenvironmentpushedourancestorstoachievethatpotential,theycouldinturnaffordmoreeducation.Thisincreasinglyhighlevelofeducationisprobablyanecessary,butnotasufficient,conditionforthecomplexpoliticalsystemsrequiredbyadvancedeconomicperformance.Thuspoorcountriesmightnotbeabletoescapetheirpovertytrapswithoutpoliticalchangesthatmaybepossibleonlywithbroaderformaleducation.Alackofformaleducation,however,doesn’tconstraintheabilityofthedevelopingworld'sworkforcetosubstantiallyimproveproductivitytotheforestedfuture.Onthecontrary,constraintsonimprovingproductivityexplainwhyeducationisn’tdevelopingmorequicklytherethanitis.

1.Theauthorholdsinparagraph1thattheimportanceofeducationinpoorcountries______.

2.Itisstatedinparagraph1thatconstructionofaneweducationsystem_____.

3.AmajordifferencebetweentheJapaneseandU.S.workforcesisthat_____.

4.Theauthorquotestheexampleofourancestorstoshowthateducationemerged_____.

5.Accordingtothelastparagraph,developmentofeducation_____.

問題1選項

A.issubjectgroundlessdoubts

B.hasfallenvictimofbias

C.isconventionaldowngraded

D.hasbeenoverestimated

問題2選項

A.requiressufficientlaborforce

B.takeseffortsofgenerations

C.demandspriorityfromthegovernment

D.challengeseconomistsandpoliticians

問題3選項

A.theU.S.workforceismoreorganized

B.theJapaneseworkforceisbetterdisciplined

C.theJapaneseworkforceismoreproductive

D.theU.S.workforcehasabettereducation

問題4選項

A.asaresultofpressureongovernment

B.whenpeoplenolongerwenthunting

C.whenpeoplehadenoughtime

D.priortobetterwaysoffindingfood

問題5選項

A.followsimprovedproductivity

B.resultsdirectlyfromcompetitiveenvironments

C.doesnotdependoneconomicperformance

D.cannotaffordpoliticalchanges

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.推理判斷題。尋找句內線索，定位到文章第一段第二三句話…h(huán)owever,theconventionalviewthateducationshouldbeoneoftheveryhighestprioritiesforpromotingrapideconomicdevelopmentinpoorcountriesiswrong.Wearefortunatethatitis,becausebuildingneweducationalsystemsthereandputtingenoughpeoplethroughthemtoimproveeconomicperformancewouldrequiretwoorthreegenerations.“……然而，傳統(tǒng)觀點認為教育應該是促進貧窮國家經濟快速發(fā)展的首要任務之一，這種觀點是錯誤的。我們很幸運，因為在那里建立新的教育系統(tǒng)，并讓足夠多的人通過這些系統(tǒng)來改善經濟表現(xiàn)，需要兩三代人的努力”，從這句可知很多人都會認為不發(fā)達國家要想獲得快速發(fā)展就的通過發(fā)展教育來達成，但事實是僅僅是新的教育體系發(fā)展起來都得需要經歷兩到三代人的努力才能實現(xiàn)，達不到快速這個目標，所以教育的作用是被高估了的，所以答案選D“被高估了”。

A選項“受到無端質疑”，文章沒有提及，屬于無中生有。

B選項“變成了偏見的受害者”，文章沒有提及，屬于無中生有。

C選項“通常被貶低”，文章沒有提及，屬于無中生有。

2.事實細節(jié)題。定位到第一段第三句話Wearefortunatethatitis,becausebuildingneweducationalsystemsthereandputtingenoughpeoplethroughthemtoimproveeconomicperformancewouldrequiretwoorthreegenerations.“我們很幸運，因為在那里建立新的教育系統(tǒng)，并讓足夠多的人通過這些系統(tǒng)來改善經濟表現(xiàn)，需要兩三代人的努力”，從這里可知答案選B“需要幾代人的努力”；

A選項“需要足夠的勞動力”，第一段沒有提及，屬于無中生有；

C選項“要求政府放在首位”，定位到第一段第二句話…h(huán)owever,theconventionalviewthateducationshouldbeoneoftheveryhighestprioritiesforpromotingrapideconomicdevelopmentinpoorcountriesiswrong.“……然而，傳統(tǒng)觀點認為教育應該是促進貧窮國家經濟快速發(fā)展的首要任務之一，這種觀點是錯誤的”，這里只是提到人們會下意識的認為要把教育放在第一位，與題目描寫的新教育體系的建立無關，這里屬于出處錯誤；

D選項“挑戰(zhàn)經濟學家和政治家”，定位到第一段第一句Therelationshipbetweenformaleducationandeconomicgrowthinpoorcountriesiswidelymisunderstoodbyeconomistsandpoliticiansalike“在貧窮國家，正規(guī)教育和經濟增長之間的關系被經濟學家和政治家們廣泛誤解”，這說的是經濟學和政治學家的一種誤解，與題目描寫的新教育體系的建立無關所以不選，這里屬于出處錯誤。

3.事實細節(jié)題，定位到第二段倒數(shù)第一句話YettheresearchrevealedthattheU.S.factoriesofHonda,Nissan,andToyotaachievedabout95percentoftheproductivityoftheirJapanesecounterparts“然而，研究顯示，本田、尼桑和豐田的美國工廠的生產率達到了日本同行的95%左右”，從這里可以知道，雖然美國工人能夠達到日本工人95%的生產率但是日本工人的生產效率還是高一些的，所以C選項“日本的勞動力效率更高”。

A選項“美國的勞動力更有組織”，文中沒有提及，屬于無中生有；

B選項“日本的勞動力更有紀律性”，文中沒有提及，屬于無中生有；

D選項“美國勞動力有更好的教育”，定位到第二段第三句話TheU.S.workforcewasderidedaspoorlyeducated…“美國的勞動力被嘲笑為受教育程度低……”從這里可知，D選項錯誤，屬于反向干擾。

4.判斷推理題。由題干關鍵詞定位到倒數(shù)第二段倒數(shù)第二句“Whenourancestorswerehuntersandgatherers10,000yearsago,theydidn’thavetimetowondermuchaboutanythingbesidesfindingfood（一萬年前，當我們的祖先還是獵人和采集者時，除了尋找食物，他們沒有時間思考其他事情）”，這個“其他事情”指向定位句的上一句“Afterall,that’showeducationgotstarted（畢竟，教育就是這樣開始的）”，此處說的就是教育的出現(xiàn)需要一個很重要的條件“時間”。因此C選項“當人們有了足夠時間時”符合題意。

A選項“這是政府壓力的結果”來自于倒數(shù)第二段“evenwhengovernmentsdon’tforceit（即使政府不強迫）”，但是這并非說明政府壓迫是導致教育出現(xiàn)的原因，本段說的是“經濟發(fā)展與教育的關系”，屬于偷換概念。

B選項“當人們不再去打獵”同樣來自倒數(shù)第二句“ourancestorswerehunters”，但這里是說，由于需要尋找食物，才沒有時間去思考其他事情，并未提及不再打獵這個條件，屬于偷換概念。

D選項“教育先于更好的尋找食物的方法出現(xiàn)”來自倒數(shù)第二段最后一句“Onlywhenhumanitybegantogetitsfoodinamoreproductivewaywastheretimeforotherthings（只有當人類開始以更有效的方式獲取食物時，才有時間做其他事情）”，因此“betterwaysoffindingfoods”應先出現(xiàn)，才有教育的可能性，屬于曲解原文。

5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干定位到最后一段第一二句Aseducationimproved,humanity'sproductivitypotentialincreasedaswell.Whenthecompetitiveenvironmentpushedourancestorstoachievethatpotential,theycouldinturnaffordmoreeducation.“隨著教育的改善，人類的生產力潛力也在增加。當競爭環(huán)境推動我們的祖先發(fā)揮這種潛力時，他們反過來也能負擔得起更多的教育”，從這里可知，教育能夠提高生產力潛能，當潛能被競爭激發(fā)出來生產率提高時，反過來又可以提高教育水平，所以答案選A選項“隨著提高的生產率而來”；

B選項“直接來自競爭環(huán)境的結果”，屬于反向干擾，競爭激發(fā)生產潛能然后再有助于教育提高，不是直接參與教育的發(fā)展；

C選項“不依賴于經濟表現(xiàn)”，定位到最后一段第三句Thisincreasinglyhighlevelofeducationisprobablyanecessary,butnotasufficient,conditionforthecomplexpoliticalsystemsrequiredbyadvancedeconomicperformance.（對于先進的經濟表現(xiàn)所要求的復雜的政治制度來說，教育水平的日益提高可能是必要的，但不是充分的條件），教育發(fā)展是依賴于復雜政治制度的必要不充分條件，所以說教育的發(fā)展不能推動政治的發(fā)展，而政治的發(fā)展可以推動教育的發(fā)展，從文章可以看出而政治的發(fā)展依賴于經濟表現(xiàn)，所以可以說教育的發(fā)展依賴于經濟表現(xiàn)，所以C選項錯誤；

D選項“無法承受政治變革”，定位到第四段第四句Thuspoorcountriesmightnotbeabletoescapetheirpovertytrapswithoutpoliticalchangesthatmaybepossibleonlywithbroaderformaleducation.（因此，如果沒有政治變革，窮國可能無法擺脫貧困陷阱，而政治變革只有通過更廣泛的正規(guī)教育才能實現(xiàn)），這里沒有提及政治變革對教育的影響只講看教育對政治變革的影響，所以D選項屬于曲意理解。

3.單選題

InhisbookTheTippingPoint,MalcolmGladwellarguesthat“socialepidemics”aredriveninlargepartbytheactionsofatinyminorityofspecialindividuals,oftencalledinfluentials,whoareunusuallyinformedpersuasive,orwellconnected.Theideaisintuitivelycompelling,butitdoesn’texplainhowideasactuallyspread.

Thesupposedimportanceofinfluentialsderivesfromaplausible-soundingbutlargelyuntestedtheorycalledthe“two-stepflowofcommunication”:Informationflowsfromthemediatotheinfluentialsandfromthemtoeveryoneelse.Marketershaveembracedthetwo-stepflowbecauseitsuggeststhatiftheycanjustfindandinfluencetheinfluentials,thoseselectpeoplewilldomostoftheworkforthem.Thetheoryalsoseemstoexplainthesuddenandunexpectedpopularityofcertainlooks,brands,orneighborhoods.Inmanysuchcases,acursorysearchforcausesfindsthatsomesmallgroupofpeoplewaswearing,promoting,ordevelopingwhateveritisbeforeanyoneelsepaidattention.Anecdotalevidenceofthiskindfitsnicelywiththeideathatonlycertainspecialpeoplecandrivetrends.

Intheirrecentwork,however,someresearchershavecomeupwiththefindingthatinfluentialshavefarlessimpactonsocialepidemicsthanisgenerallysupposed.Infact,theydon’tseemtoberequiredatall.

Theresearchers’argumentstemsfromasimpleobservationaboutsocialinfluence:WiththeexceptionofafewcelebritieslikeOprahWinfrey—whoseoutsizepresenceisprimarilyafunctionofmedia,notinterpersonal,influence—eventhemostinfluentialmembersofapopulationsimplydon’tinteractwiththatmanyothers.Yetitispreciselythesenon-celebrityinfluentialswho,accordingtothetwo-step-flowtheory,aresupposedtodrivesocialepidemics,byinfluencingtheirfriendsandcolleaguesdirectly.Forasocialepidemictooccur,however,eachpersonsoaffectedmusttheninfluencehisorherownacquaintances,whomustinturninfluencetheirs,andsoon;andjusthowmanyotherspayattentiontoeachofthesepeoplehaslittletodowiththeinitialinfluential.Ifpeopleinthenetworkjusttodegreeremovedfromtheinitialinfluentialproveresistant,forexample,thecascadeofchangewon’tpropagateveryfaroraffectmanypeople.

Buildingonthebasictruthaboutinterpersonalinfluence,theresearchersstudiedthedynamicsofsocialinfluencebyconductingthousandsofcomputersimulationsofpopulations,manipulatinganumberofvariablesrelatingtopeople’sabilitytoinfluenceothersandtheirtendencytobeinfluenced.Theyfoundthattheprincipalrequirementforwhatiscalled“globalcascades”—thewidespreadpropagationofinfluencethroughnetworks—isthepresencenotofafewinfluentialsbut,rather,ofacriticalmassofeasilyinfluencedpeople.

56.BycitingthebookTheTippingPoint,theauthorintendsto______.

57.Theauthorsuggeststhatthe“two-step-flowtheory”______.

58.Whattheresearchershaveobservedrecentlyshowsthat______.

59.Theunderlinedphrase“thesepeople”inParagraph4referstotheoneswho______.

60.Whatistheessentialelementinthedynamicsofsocialinfluence?

問題1選項

A.analyzetheconsequencesofsocialepidemics

B.discussinfluentials’functioninspreadingideas

C.exemplifypeople’sintuitiveresponsetosocialepidemics

D.describetheessentialcharacteristicsofinfluentials

問題2選項

A.servesasasolutiontomarketingproblems

B.hashelpedexplaincertainprevalenttrends

C.haswonsupportfrominfluentials

D.requiressolidevidenceforitsvalidity

問題3選項

A.thepowerofinfluencesgoeswithsocialinteractions

B.interpersonallinkscanbeenhancedthroughthemedia

C.influentialshavemorechannelstoreachthepublic

D.mostcelebritiesenjoywidemediaattention

問題4選項

A.stayoutsidethenetworkofsocialinfluence

B.havelittlecontactwiththesourceofinfluence

C.areinfluencedandtheninfluenceothers

D.areinfluencedbytheinitialinfluential

問題5選項

A.Theeagernesstobeaccepted.

B.Theimpulsetoinfluenceothers.

C.Thereadinesstobeinfluenced.

D.Theinclinationtorelyonothers.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】56.推理判斷題。題干意思是“通過引用《引爆點》一書，作者想要……”。第一段最后一句指出Theideaisintuitivelycompelling,butitdoesn’texplainhowideasactuallyspread.（這個想法在直覺上很有說服力，但它并沒有解釋這種想法實際上是如何傳播的），可推斷作者引用這本書是想要討論影響者在傳播思想中發(fā)揮的作用，故B項“討論影響者在傳播思想中的作用”正確。A項“分析社會流行病的后果”和C項“舉例說明人們對社會流行病的直覺反應”在文中沒有提及；D項“描述影響者的基本特征”這是文章的細節(jié)描述，不夠概括作者的總體主旨。因此，該題選擇B項正確。

57.推理判斷題。題干意思是“作者認為‘兩級傳播理論’……”。第二段第一句提到Thesupposedimportanceofinfluentialsderivesfromaplausible-soundingbutlargelyuntestedtheorycalledthe“two-stepflowofcommunication”（人們認為有影響力的人很重要，這源于一個聽起來貌似合理但基本上未經驗證的理論，即“兩級傳播理論”）可知，作者認為這個理論聽起來合理但沒有經過驗證，即沒有可靠的證據(jù)支持，所以D項“對于它的有效性需要可靠的證據(jù)”符合題意。第二段第二句提到Marketershaveembracedthetwo-stepflowbecauseitsuggeststhatiftheycanjustfindandinfluencetheinfluentials,thoseselectpeoplewilldomostoftheworkforthem.（營銷人員已經接受了兩級傳播，因為它表明，如果他們能找到并影響那些有影響力的人，這些被選中的人就會為他們做大部分工作），接著第三段指出Intheirrecentwork,however,someresearchershavecomeupwiththefindingthatinfluentialshavefarlessimpactonsocialepidemicsthanisgenerallysupposed.（然而，在他們最近的工作中，一些研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，影響者對社會流行的影響遠比一般認為的要?。┛芍皟杉墏鞑ダ碚摗痹跔I銷中的作用不大，A項“是作為營銷問題的解決方案”不符合原文；根據(jù)第二段第三句Thetheoryalsoseemstoexplainthesuddenandunexpectedpopularityofcertainlooks,brands,orneighborhoods.（這一理論似乎也解釋了某些外觀、品牌或社區(qū)的突然和意外的流行）中的seems（似乎）可知，作者不太認為該理論解釋了某些流行趨勢發(fā)生的原因，故B項“已經幫助解釋了某些流行趨勢”錯誤；C項“贏得了有影響力的人的支持”在文中沒有提及。因此，該題選擇D項正確。

58.推理判斷題。題干意思是“研究人員最近的觀察表明……”。第四段第三句指出Forasocialepidemictooccur,however,eachpersonsoaffectedmusttheninfluencehisorherownacquaintances,whomustinturninfluencetheirs,andsoon.（但是，要使一種社會流行潮真正形成，每一個受影響的人必須接著去影響他或她的熟人，這些熟人再去影響他們的熟人，如此循環(huán)下去），由此可以推斷，影響是通過不斷與人互動接觸而傳播的，故A項“影響的力量與社會互動有關”符合題意。B項“通過媒體可以加強人際聯(lián)系”、C項“有影響力的人有更多的渠道接觸公眾”和D項“大多數(shù)名人都受到媒體的廣泛關注”都沒有提到。因此，該題選擇A項正確。

59.推理判斷題。題干意思是“第四段中下劃線的短語‘thesepeople’指的是哪些人？”。根據(jù)題干定位到第四段第三句andjusthowmanyotherspayattentiontoeachofthesepeoplehaslittletodowiththeinitialinfluential.（這些人中的每個人能得到多少人的關注與最初的有影響力的人沒有多大關系），通過該句的上文Forasocialepidemictooccur,however,eachpersonsoaffectedmusttheninfluencehisorherownacquaintances,whomustinturninfluencetheirs,andsoon（但是，要使一種社會流行潮真正形成，每一個受影響的人必須接著去影響他或她的熟人，這些熟人再去影響他們的熟人，如此循環(huán)下去）可知，thesepeople指的是“受到影響再去影響別人的人”，所以C項“受到影響，然后再影響他人的人”正確，且D項“受到最初的影響的人”與原文不符合；A項“遠離社會影響的網(wǎng)絡的人”和B項“與影響力的來源接觸很少的人”在該處未提到。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

60.推理判斷題。題干意思是“什么是社會影響動態(tài)中的基本要素？”。根據(jù)文章最后一句Theyfoundthattheprincipalrequirementforwhatiscalled“globalcascades”—thewidespreadpropagationofinfluencethroughnetworks—isthepresencenotofafewinfluentialsbut,rather,ofacriticalmassofeasilyinfluencedpeople.（他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，所謂的“全球級聯(lián)”——即影響力通過網(wǎng)絡廣泛傳播——的主要要求不是存在少數(shù)有影響力的人，而是存在一大批容易受影響的人）可知，要傳播社會影響，主要要求是需要存在愿意受影響的人，故C項“愿意受影響”正確；A項“渴望被接受”、B項“影響他人的沖動”和D項“依賴他人的傾向”都不符合原文。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

4.單選題

Hehadalwayshadagoodopinionofhimself,butafterthepublicationofhisbest-sellingnovelhebecameunbearably（

）.

問題1選項

A.bigoted

B.proud

C.conceited

D.exaggerated

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。bigoted意為“偏執(zhí)的，頑固的，心胸狹窄的”；proud意為“得意的，自豪的”；conceited意為“自負的，驕傲自大的”；exaggerated意為“夸大的，言過其實的”。由句中的but可知前后為轉折關系，C選項最符合語境。

句意：他一直對自己評價很高，但在他的暢銷小說出版后，他變得及其自負。

5.問答題

With(A)thewordscientistwemeanonewhoisequippedto(B)spendalifetimefor(C)theadvancementofsciencetothebest(D)ofone'sability.

【答案】試題答案：A;by

【解析】考查介詞用法。with意為“和，同，具有”，此處表示“根據(jù)科學家這個詞，我們說的是一個……”，因此用by（根據(jù)，按照）。

6.翻譯題

Asimilarmovementisgoingonbeforeourowneyes.Modernbourgeoissociety,withitsrelationsofproduction,ofexchangeandofproperty,asocietythathasconjuredupsuchgiganticmeansofproductionandofexchange,islikethesorcererwhoisnolongerabletocontrolthepowersofthenetherworldwhomhehascalledupbyhisspells.Formanyadecadepast,thehistoryofindustryandcommerceisbutthehistoryoftherevoltofmodernproductiveforcesagainstmodernconditionsofproduction,againstthepropertyrelationsthataretheconditionsfortheexistenceofthebourgeoisandofitsrule.Itisenoughtomentionthecommercialcrisesthat,bytheirperiodicalreturn,puttheexistenceoftheentirebourgeoissocietyonitstrial,eachtimemorethreateningly.Inthesecrises,agreatpartnotonlyoftheexistingproducts,butalsoofthepreviouslycreatedproductiveforces,areperiodicallydestroyed.Inthesecrises,therebreaksoutanepidemicthat,inallearlierepochs,wouldhaveseemedanabsurdity—theepidemicofover-production.Societysuddenlyfindsitselfputbackintoastateofmomentarybarbarism;itappearsasifafamine,auniversalwarofdevastation,hadcutoffthesupplyofeverymeansofsubsistence;industryandcommerceseemtobedestroyed.Andwhy?

Becausethereistoomuchcivilization,toomuchmeansofsubsistence,toomuchindustry,toomuchcommerce.Theproductiveforcesatthedisposalofsocietynolongertendtofurtherthedevelopmentoftheconditionsofbourgeoisproperty;onthecontrary,theyhavebecometoopowerfulfortheseconditions,bywhichtheyarefettered,andsosoonastheyovercomethesefetters,theybringdisorderintothewholeofbourgeoissociety,endangertheexistenceofbourgeoisproperty.Theconditionsofbourgeoissocietyaretoonarrowtocomprisethewealthcreatedbythem.Andhowdoesthebourgeoisiegetoverthesecrises?Ontheonehand,byenforceddestructionofamassofproductiveforces;ontheother,bytheconquestofnewmarkets,andbythemorethoroughexploitationoftheoldones.Thatistosay,bypavingthewayformoreextensiveandmoredestructivecrises,andbydiminishingthemeanswherebycrisesareprevented.

【答案】現(xiàn)在，我們眼前又進行著類似的運動。資產階級的生產關系和交換關系，資產階級的所有制關系，這個曾經仿佛用法術創(chuàng)造了如此龐大的生產資料和交換手段的現(xiàn)代資產階級社會，現(xiàn)在像一個魔法師一樣不能再支配自己用法術呼喚出來的魔鬼了。幾十年來的工業(yè)和商業(yè)的歷史，只不過是現(xiàn)代生產力反抗現(xiàn)代生產關系、反抗作為資產階級及其統(tǒng)治的存在條件的所有制關系的歷史。只要指出在周期性的重復中越來越危及整個資產階級社會生存的商業(yè)危機就夠了。在商業(yè)危機期間，總是不僅有很大一部分制成的產品被毀滅掉，而且有很大一部分已經造成的生產力被毀滅掉。在危機期間，發(fā)生一種在過去一切時代看來都好像是荒唐現(xiàn)象的社會瘟疫，即生產過剩的瘟疫。社會突然發(fā)現(xiàn)自己回到了一時的野蠻狀態(tài)：仿佛是一次饑荒、一場普遍的毀滅性戰(zhàn)爭，使社會失去了全部生活資料；仿佛是工業(yè)和商業(yè)全被毀滅了，——這是什么緣故呢？因為社會上文明過度，生活資料太多，工業(yè)和商業(yè)太發(fā)達。社會所擁有的生產力已經不能再促進資產階級文明和資產階級所有制關系的發(fā)展；相反，生產力已經強大到這種關系所不能適應的地步，它已經受到這種關系的阻礙；而它一著手克服這種障礙，就使整個資產階級社會陷入混亂，就使資產階級所有制的存在受到威脅。資產階級的關系已經太狹窄了，再容納不了它本身所造成的財富了?！Y產階級用什么辦法來克服這種危機呢？一方面不得不消滅大量生產力，另一方面奪取新的市場，更加徹底地利用舊的市場。這究竟是怎樣的一種辦法呢？這不過是資產階級準備更全面更猛烈的危機的辦法，不過是使防止危機的手段越來越少的辦法。

7.單選題

Don'tworry.Ifthisdoesnotwork,thereareothermethodswecan（）.

問題1選項

A.fallbehind

B.fallout

C.fallthrough

D.fallbackon

【答案】D

【解析】詞義辨析題。fallbehind落后；fallout脫落；fallthrough失??；fallbackon求助于。句意：不用擔心。如果這個辦法沒用的話,

我們還能求助于其它辦法。

8.單選題

Youwillseethisproduct（

）whereveryougo.

問題1選項

A.tobeadvertised

B.advertised

C.advertise

D.advertising

【答案】B

【解析】語法（分詞作后置定語）題。分析題干可知，空格處填入的是定語來修飾thisproduct。而product和advertise是被動關系，所以用表被動的過去分詞作后置定語，B選項正確。

9.單選題

Thecloserelationshipbetweenpoetryandmusicscarcelyneedstobeargued.Bothareauralmodeswhichemployrhythm,rhyme,andpitchasmajordevices;tothesetheoneaddslinguisticmeaning,connotation,andvarioustraditionalfigures,andtheothercanadd,atleastintheory,alloftheseplusharmony,counterpoint（對位）,andorchestrationtechniques.InEnglishthetwoarecloselyboundhistorically.Anglo-Saxonheroicpoetryseemscertainlytohavebeenreadorchantedtoaharpist’s（豎琴師）accompaniment;theverbusedinBeowulfforsuchaperformance,theFinnepisode（逸事）,issingan,tosing,andthenoungyd,song.AmajorsourceofthelyrictraditioninEnglishpoetryisthesongsofthetroubadours.

ThedistancebetweenthegydinBeowulfandthesongsofLeonardCohenorBobDylanmayseemgreat,butisoneoftimeratherthanaesthetics.Thelyricpoemasaliteraryworkandthelyricsofapopularsongarebothstillessentiallythesamething:poetry.Whetherthetitleoftheworkbe"Gerontion,"or"YouAin'tNothin'.ButaHoundDog,"ourcriteriaforevaluatingtheworkmustremainthesame.

Themostimportantprerequisite（先決條件）forbothasignificantpoemandsignificantlyricsinapopularsongisthatthewriterbefaithfultohisownpersonalvisionortothevisionofthepoemheiswriting.Skillandcraftforwritingpoetryareindeednecessarybecausethesearetheonlymeansbywhichapoetcanpreservetheintegrityofthisvisioninthepoem.Apoetmustnot,eitherbecauseoflackofskillorbecauseofworshipofpopularity,wealth,orcriticalacclaim,gooutsideofhisownorhisownpoem’svision—onpainofwritingonlythederivative（派生物）orthetrivial.Historically,thewritersandsingersofthelyricsofpopularsongshaveseemedoftentobeincapableofpersonalvision,andtohaveconfusedbothoriginalityandmoralitywithaservile（奴性的）compliancetopopulartaste.

1.Accordingtothewriter,therelationshipbetweenpoetryandmusic（

）.

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue,accordingtothetext?

3.Inthetext,theauthorfocuseson（

）.

問題1選項

A.isindisputableifyouanalyzehistory

B.isadebatabletopic

C.needstobeacknowledgedmorebypoets

D.canbemadebutinalimitedway

問題2選項

A.Thedifferencesbetweenpoetryandsonglyricshavebeenoverstated.

B.Songlyricsandpoetrymustbetreatedanalyticallyasthesame.

C.Thelyricsofasongarenotdifferentfromthelyricsofpoetry.

D.Itisthetimenottheaestheticsthatisdifferentinmostpoemsandsonglyrics.

問題3選項

A.thedifferencebetweengoodpoetryandsongsandmediocreones

B.thevariouswayssongsandpoemsaresimilar

C.theshared,mostimportantevaluationcriteriainsongwritingandpoetry

D.howtoevaluateapoemandasong’svaluefromalyricalstandpoint

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:C

【解析】1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關鍵詞relationship定位到文章第一段，由Thecloserelationshipbetweenpoetryandmusicscarcelyneedstobeargued.InEnglishthetwoarecloselyboundhistorically（詩歌和音樂之間的密切關系幾乎不需要爭論。在英語中，兩者在歷史上有著密切的聯(lián)系）可知從歷史的角度來看，詩歌與音樂之間的關系是無可爭辯的，因此A選項符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。由文章第二段中的Thelyricpoemasaliteraryworkandthelyricsofapopularsongarebothstillessentiallythesamething:poetry.（作為文學作品的抒情詩和流行歌曲的抒情詩在本質上仍然是一回事：詩歌）可知C選項“一首歌的歌詞和詩歌的歌詞沒有什么不同”符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。由文章第二段中的ourcriteriaforevaluatingtheworkmustremainthesame（我們對作品評價的標準必須保持一致）可知C選項“歌曲創(chuàng)作和詩歌中最重要的共同評價標準”符合題意。

10.單選題

PassagethreeToomanyvulnerablechild-freeadultsarebeingruthlessly(無情的)manipulatedintoparent-hoodbytheirparents,whothinkthathappinessamongolderpeopledependsonhavingagrand-childtospoil.Weneedanorganizationtohelpbeatdownthepersistentcampaignsofgrand-childlessparents.It’stimetoestablishPlannedGrandparenthood,whichwouldhavemanyglobalandlocalbenefits.

Partofitsmissionwouldbetopromotetherisksandrealitiesassociatedwithbeingagrandparent.Thestaffwouldincludedepressedgrandparentswhowouldexplainhowgrandkidsbreaklamps,bite,screamandkick.Otherswoulddetailhowanhourofbaby-sittingoftenturnsintoacryingmarathon.Moregrandparentswouldtestifythattheyhadtopayfortheirgrandchild’sexpensivecollegeeducation.

Plannedgrandparenthood’scarefullywrittenliteraturewoulddetailallthejoysoflifegrand-child-freeacalmlivingroom,extramoneyforluxuriesduringthegoldenyears,etc.Potentialgrandparentswouldberemindedthat,withoutgrandchildrenaround,it’spossibletohaveaconversationwithyourkids,whoincidentallywouldhavemoretimefortheirownparents.

Meanwhile,mostchildrenarevulnerabletotheenormousinfluenceexertedbygrand-childlessparentsaimingtopersuadetheirkidstoproducechildren.Theywilltakeacallfromapersistentparent,evenifthey’reloadedwithworks.Inaddition,someparentsmakehandsomemoneyofferspayableuponthegrandchild’sbirth.Sometimesthesegiftsnotonlycoverexpensesassociatedwiththeinfant’sbirth,butextras,too,likeavacation.Inanycase,cashgiftscanweakentheresolveofeventhenoblestperson.

AtPlannedGrandparenthood,childrentargetedbytheirparentstoreproducecouldobtainnon-biasedinformationabouttheinsanityofhavingtheirownkids.Thecatastrophicpsychologicalandeconomiccostsofchildbearingwouldbeemphasized.Thesymptomsofmorningsicknesswouldbelistedandhorrorsofchildbirthpictured.Amonthlynewsletterwouldcontainstoriesaboutoverwhelmedparentsandofferguidanceonhowchildlessadultscanrespondtothedifferentlobbyingtacticsthatwould-begrandparentsemploy.

WhenIthinkaboutalltheproblemsofouroverpopulatedworldandlookatourboygrabbingatthelampbythesofa,IwishIcouldhaveturnedtoPlannedGrandparenthoodwhenmyparentswereputtingthegrandchildsqueezeonme.

IfIcouldhave,Imightnotbeinthisparenthoodpredicament(窘境).Buthere’sthecrazyirony,Idon’twantmychild-freelifeback.Dylan’stoomuchfun.

31.What’sthepurposeoftheproposedorganizationPlannedGrandparenthood?

32.PlannedGrandparenthoodwouldincludedepressedgrandparentsonitsstaffinorderto______.

33.Accordingtothepassage,somecouplesmayeventuallychoosetohavechildrenbecause______.

34.Bysaying“…myparentswereputtingthegrandchildsqueezeonme”(Para.6),theauthormeansthat______.

35.Whatdoestheauthorreallyoftheideaofhavingchildren?

問題1選項

A.Todiscouragepeoplefrominsistingonhavinggrandchildren.

B.Tooffercounselingtopeopleonhowtoraisegrandchildren.

C.Toprovidefacilitiesandservicesforgrand-childlessparents.

D.Toencouragechildlesscouplestohavechildren.

問題2選項

A.sharetheirexperienceinraisinggrandchildreninamorescientificway

B.drawattentiontothetroublesanddifficultiesgrandchildrenmaycause

C.helpraisefundstocoverthehighexpenseofeducationforgrandchildren

D.showthemthejoysoflifegrandparentsmayhaveinraisinggrandchildren

問題3選項

A.theyhavelearnfromotherparentsaboutthejoysofhavingchildren

B.theyfeelmoreandmorelonelyadtheygrowolder

C.theyhavefounditirrationaltoremainchildless

D.theyfindithardtoresistthecarrot-and-stickapproachoftheirparents

問題4選項

A.herparentsaskedhertosavefortheexpensesofraisingachild

B.herparentskeptpressuringhertohaveachild

C.herparentslikedtohaveagrandchildintheirarms

D.herparentskeptblamingherforherchild’sbadbehavior

問題5選項

A.Itcontributesto