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書(shū)山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-四川化工職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)!第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題
Itiswellknownthatwhenanindividualjoinsagrouphetendstoacceptthegroup’sstandardsofbehaviorandthinking.Heisexpectedtobehaveinaccordancewiththesenormsinotherwords,thegroupexpectshimtoconform.Manyillustrationscouldbegivenofthisfromeverydaylife,butwhatisofparticularinteresttopsychologistsistheextenttowhichpeople’sjudgmentsandopinionscanbechangedasaresultofgrouppressure.
Inatypicalexperiment,theexperimenterasksforvolunteerstojoinagroupthatisinvestigatingvisualperception.Thevictimsarenot,therefore,awareoftherealpurposeoftheexperiment.Eachvolunteeristakentoaroomwherehefindsagroupofaboutsevenpeoplewhoarecollaboratingwiththeexperimenter.Thegroupisshownastandardcardwhichcontainsasingleline.Theyarethenaskedtolookatasecondcard.Thishasthreelinesonit.Oneisobviouslylongerthanthelineonthefirstcard,oneisshorterandonethesamelength.Theyhavetosaywhichlineonthesecondcardisthesamelengthasthelineonthestandardcard.Theothermembersofthegroupanswerfirstbutwhatthevolunteerdoesnotknowisthattheyhavebeentoldtopickoneofthewronglines.Thevolunteerseesthattheothermembersofthegroupunanimouslychoosealinewhichisobviouslynotthesamelengthastheoneonthestandardcard.
Whenitishisturntoanswerheisfacedwiththeunanimousopinionofthegroup—alltheothershavechosenlineAbuthequiteclearlyseeslineBascorrect.Whatwillhedo?AccordingtoAsch,morethanhalfofthevictimschosenwillchangetheiropinion.Whatisequallysurprisingisthat,wheninterviewedabouttheiranswers,mostexplainedthattheyknewthegroupchoicewasincorrectbutthattheyyieldedtothepressureofthegroupbecausetheythoughttheymustbesufferingfromanopticalillusion.
1.Psychologistsareinterestedin(
).
2.Intheexperiment,whohavebeentoldtopickthewrongline?
3.Inwhatcircumstancesdomostpeopleyieldtopressure?
4.Theexperimentsdemonstratethat(
).
5.Thebesttitleofthispassagewouldbe(
).
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.howfargrouppressurecaninfluencepeople’sjudgments
B.howtomakejudgmentsaccordingtoeverydayexperience
C.howtochangepeople’sjudgments
D.thegroup’sstandardsofsocialbehavior
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.Thevictims.
B.Thevolunteer.
C.Theexperimenter.
D.Theothermembers.
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.Whenthegroupisseparated.
B.Whenthegroupisunanimous.
C.Whentheyknowtheyarethevictims.
D.Whentheyareforcedtoanswerquestions.
問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)
A.nearlyeveryindividualwillbehavedifferentlyfromothers
B.grouppressureiscausedbytheinterferenceofthepsychologists.
C.psychologistswishtochangethepeople’sjudgmentsandopinions.
D.peoplewillchangetheirideasundergrouppressure.
問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)
A.ATypicalExperiment
B.AreWeAfraidtobeDifferent
C.TheGroup’sStandardsofBehaviorandThinking
D.DoseanIndividualNeedtoFollowaGroup’sStandards
【答案】第1題:A
第2題:D
第3題:B
第4題:D
第5題:B
【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“whatisofparticularinteresttopsychologistsistheextenttowhichpeople’sjudgmentsandopinionscanbechangedasaresultofgrouppressure.”心理學(xué)家特別感興趣的是,團(tuán)體的壓力究竟會(huì)在多大程度上改變?nèi)藗兊呐袛嗪陀^(guān)點(diǎn)。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。
2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“wrongline”定位到第二段倒數(shù)第二句“Theothermembersofthegroupanswerfirstbutwhatthevolunteerdoesnotknowisthattheyhavebeentoldtopickoneofthewronglines.”小組的其他成員先回答,但志愿者不知道的是,他們被告知要選錯(cuò)一條線(xiàn)。這里的“they”指的是上句提到的“Theothermembersofthegroup”,所以選項(xiàng)D正確。
3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容可知,這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)中超過(guò)一半的被選中的受害者會(huì)改變他們的觀(guān)點(diǎn)。大多數(shù)人解釋說(shuō),他們知道小組的選擇是錯(cuò)誤的,但他們最終屈服于小組的壓力,因?yàn)樾〗M的選擇是全體一致的。所以選項(xiàng)B正確。
4.推理判斷題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知,這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)實(shí)際上是想證明第一段提出的觀(guān)點(diǎn)“theextenttowhichpeople’sjudgmentsandopinionscanbechangedasaresultofgrouppressure.”團(tuán)體的壓力究竟會(huì)在多大程度上改變?nèi)藗兊呐袛嗪陀^(guān)點(diǎn)。最后得出結(jié)論,大多數(shù)會(huì)在團(tuán)體壓力下改變他們的想法。所以選項(xiàng)D符合原文。
5.主旨大意題。文章在第一段提出觀(guān)點(diǎn)“當(dāng)一個(gè)人加入一個(gè)群體時(shí),他往往會(huì)接受這個(gè)群體的行為和思維標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”,后面通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)來(lái)證明這個(gè)觀(guān)點(diǎn)。選項(xiàng)A和C表述太籠統(tǒng),相對(duì)于選項(xiàng)D,選項(xiàng)B“我們害怕與眾不同嗎?”這個(gè)標(biāo)題更好。
2.單選題
Creamisayellowishoil-in-water()whichformsWhenmilkisallowedtostand.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.emulsion
B.albumen
C.embrocation
D.yolk
【答案】A
【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。emulsion“乳劑”;albumen“蛋白”;embrocation“擦劑”;yolk“蛋黃”。句意:奶油是一種淡黃色的水包油乳劑,牛奶凝固就可形成奶油。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。
3.單選題
Codingschemesweredevelopedtoenableresearcherstocomparethedetailedfacialpositionsofindividualportionsofdieface(eyebrows,mouth,etc.)fordifferentemotions.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.systems
B.presentations
C.proposals
D.investigations
【答案】A
【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)system“制度,體制,系統(tǒng)”,B項(xiàng)presentation“展示,描述,陳述”,C項(xiàng)proposal“提議,建議”,D項(xiàng)investigation“調(diào)查,調(diào)查研究”。句意:編碼方案的發(fā)展,使研究人員能夠比較不同情緒下模具面部各個(gè)部分(眉毛、嘴巴等)的詳細(xì)面部位置。schemes在句中表示“計(jì)劃、方案”,四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中意思與之相近的是A項(xiàng)。因此,該題選擇A項(xiàng)。
4.單選題
Hisviolentbehaviorsometimesis_______hispersonalityofshynessandself-consciousness.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.onconditionof
B.inlinewith
C.atoddswith
D.indisguiseof
【答案】C
【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)onconditionof“只要”;B選項(xiàng)inlinewith“符合”;C選項(xiàng)atoddswith“與……不一致”;D選項(xiàng)indisguiseof“托辭,假扮成,打著……的幌子”。句意:他的暴力行為有時(shí)_______他的個(gè)性的害羞和自覺(jué)意識(shí)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境,這里指他的暴力行為不會(huì)讓人想到他會(huì)害羞,所以atoddswith“與……不一致”符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。
5.單選題
Yes,it’sahackneyedphrase,butpoliticsistheartofthepossible.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.trite
B.haggard
C.poundage
D.sighted
【答案】A
【解析】考查同義形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)trite“陳腐的,平庸的,老一套的”;B選項(xiàng)haggard“憔悴的,野性的,(鷹)未馴服的”;C選項(xiàng)poundage“按每磅收取的手續(xù)費(fèi)或稅金,磅重總數(shù)”;D選項(xiàng)sighted“有視力的,不盲的”。句意:是的,這是一個(gè)陳詞濫調(diào),但政治是可能的藝術(shù)。Hackneyed“陳腐的,平庸的”,A選項(xiàng)與該詞意思最相近,因此A選項(xiàng)正確。
6.單選題
Themostimportantenvironmentalinfluenceonfishiswatertemperature,forfishtendtotakeonthetemperatureoftheirsurroundings.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.assume
B.regulate
C.avoid
D.exceed
【答案】B
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。takeon表示“呈現(xiàn),具有”。A項(xiàng)assume“假定,采取”,B項(xiàng)regulate“調(diào)節(jié),校準(zhǔn)”,C項(xiàng)avoid“避免,消除”,D項(xiàng)exceed“超過(guò),勝過(guò)”。句意:水溫是對(duì)于魚(yú)來(lái)說(shuō)最重要的環(huán)境影響因素,魚(yú)一般傾向于調(diào)節(jié)自己的溫度以使其與周?chē)臏囟认嗤?。根?jù)題意該題選B。
7.單選題
TheelderlyRussiansfindithardtoliveontheirstate().
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.pensions
B.earnings
C.salaries
D.donations
【答案】A
【解析】句意:老年俄羅斯公民發(fā)現(xiàn),依靠國(guó)家的養(yǎng)老金生活很艱難。
考查名詞辨析。pension養(yǎng)老金;earning收益;工資;salary薪水;donation捐贈(zèng);捐款。因此A項(xiàng)正確。
8.單選題
(
)onaclearday,farfromthecitycrowds,themountainsgivehimasenseofinfinite.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.Ifwalking
B.Walking
C.Whilewalking
D.Whenoneiswalking
【答案】D
【解析】考查語(yǔ)法。此句中的主句的主語(yǔ)為mountains,所以邏輯主語(yǔ)和主句主語(yǔ)應(yīng)不同。故排除A、B、C三項(xiàng)。D項(xiàng)正確。句意:當(dāng)一個(gè)人在晴朗的天氣散步時(shí),遠(yuǎn)離城市喧囂,山脈會(huì)給他一種無(wú)限感。
9.單選題
Accordingtoasurvey,whichwasbasedontheresponsesofover188,000students,today’straditional-agecollegefreshmenare“morematerialisticandlessaltruistic(利他主義的)”thanatanytimeinthe17yearsofthepoll.
Notsurprisinginthesehardtimes,thestudent’smajorobjective“istobefinanciallywelloff.Lessimportantthaneverisdevelopingameaningfulphilosophyoflife”.Itfollowsthenthattodaythemostpopularcourseisnotliteratureorhistorybutaccounting.
Interestinteaching,socialserviceandthe“altruistic”fieldsisatalow.Ontheotherhand,enrollmentinbusinessprograms,engineeringandcomputerscienceiswayup.
That’snosurpriseeither.Afriendofmine(asalesrepresentativeforachemicalcompany)wasmakingtwicethesalaryofhercollegeinstructorsherfirstyearonthejob—evenbeforeshecompletedhertwo-yearassociatedegree.
Whileit’struethatweallneedacareer,itisequallytruethatourcivilizationhasaccumulatedanincredibleamountofknowledgeinfieldsfarremovedfromourownandthatwearebetterforourunderstandingoftheseothercontributions—betheyscientificorartistic.Itisequallytruethat,instudyingthediversewisdomofothers,welearnhowtothink.Moreimportant,perhaps,educationteachesustoseetheconnectionsbetweenthings,aswellastoseebeyondourimmediateneeds.
Weeklywereadofunionswhowentonstrikeforhigherwages,onlytodrivetheiremployeroutofbusiness.Nocompany,nojob.Howshortsightedinthelongrun!
Butthemostimportantargumentforabroadeducationisthatinstudyingtheaccumulatedwisdomoftheages,weimproveourmoralsense.Isawacartoonrecentlywhichshowsagroupofbusinessmenlookingpuzzledastheysitaroundaconferencetable;oneofthemistalkingontheintercom,“MissBaxter,”hesays,“couldyoupleasesendinsomeonewhocandistinguishrightfromwrong?”
Fromthelong-termpointofview,that’swhateducationreallyoughttobeabout.
1.Accordingtotheauthor’sobservation,collegestudents________.
2.Thestudents’criteriaforselectingmajorstodayhavemuchtodowith________.
3.Bysaying“Whileit’struethat...betheyscientificorartistic”(Para.5),theauthormeansthat________.
4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.haveneverbeensomaterialisticastoday
B.haveneverbeensointerestedinthearts
C.haveneverbeensofinanciallywelloffastoday
D.haveneverattachedsomuchimportancetomoralsense
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.theinfluencesoftheirinstructors
B.thefinancialgoalstheyseekinlife
C.theirowninterpretationsofthecourses
D.theirunderstandingofthecontributionsofothers
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.businessmanagementshouldbeincludedineducationalprograms
B.humanwisdomhasaccumulatedatanextraordinarilyhighspeed
C.humanintellectualdevelopmenthasreachednewheights
D.theimportanceofabroadeducationshouldnotbeoverlooked
問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)
A.Businessmenabsorbedintheircareerarenarrow-minded.
B.Managersoftenfindithardtotellrightfromwrong.
C.Careerseekersshouldnotfocusonimmediateinterestsonly.
D.Peopleengagedintechnicaljobsleadamorerewardinglife.
【答案】第1題:A
第2題:B
第3題:D
第4題:C
【解析】第1題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】
Accordingtotheauthor’sobservation,collegestudents________.根據(jù)作者的觀(guān)察,大學(xué)生________。
A.haveneverbeensomaterialisticastodayA.從來(lái)沒(méi)有像今天這樣唯物主義
B.haveneverbeensointerestedintheartsB.從未對(duì)藝術(shù)如此感興趣
C.haveneverbeensofinanciallywelloffastodayC.從沒(méi)有像今天這樣富裕過(guò)
D.haveneverattachedsomuchimportancetomoralsenseD.從未如此重視道德感
【答案】A
【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。
【解題思路】根據(jù)題干中信息詞collegestudents定位到第一段,該處講到“調(diào)查顯示(Accordingtoasurvey),如今傳統(tǒng)年齡的大學(xué)新生比以往任何時(shí)候都更多奉行物質(zhì)享樂(lè)主義(morematerialistic),更少奉行利他主義。”,可知在作者看來(lái),大學(xué)生從未像如今這樣唯物主義,因此A選項(xiàng)正確。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
B選項(xiàng)“從未對(duì)藝術(shù)如此感興趣”:文中沒(méi)有提到大學(xué)生對(duì)藝術(shù)感興趣,屬于無(wú)中生有;
C選項(xiàng)“從沒(méi)有像今天這樣富裕過(guò)”:對(duì)應(yīng)第二段第一句“在這樣的困難時(shí)期,學(xué)生的主要目標(biāo)是實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)富裕(befinanciallywelloff)?!保@里沒(méi)有把過(guò)去和現(xiàn)在的學(xué)生進(jìn)行比較,而且學(xué)生并不富裕,屬于偷換概念;
D選項(xiàng)“從未如此重視道德感”:對(duì)應(yīng)第一段“大學(xué)新生比以往任何時(shí)候都更少奉行利他主義(lessaltruistic)。”,可知如今的大學(xué)生沒(méi)有以前那么重視道德感,屬于反向干擾。
第2題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】
Thestudents’criteriaforselectingmajorstodayhavemuchtodowith________.如今,學(xué)生們選擇專(zhuān)業(yè)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與________有很大關(guān)系。
A.theinfluencesoftheirinstructorsA.他們的導(dǎo)師的影響
B.thefinancialgoalstheyseekinlifeB.他們?cè)谏钪凶非蟮呢?cái)務(wù)目標(biāo)
C.theirowninterpretationsofthecoursesC.他們自己對(duì)課程的理解
D.theirunderstandingofthecontributionsofothersD.他們對(duì)他人貢獻(xiàn)的理解
【答案】B
【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。
【解題思路】根據(jù)題干中信息詞selectingmajors定位到第二段,該處講到“在這樣的困難時(shí)期,學(xué)生的主要目標(biāo)是實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)富裕(financiallywelloff)……由此可見(jiàn)(Itfollowsthen),如今最受歡迎的課程(mostpopularcourse)不是文學(xué)或歷史,而是會(huì)計(jì)?!?,可知學(xué)生對(duì)專(zhuān)業(yè)的選擇和其財(cái)務(wù)目標(biāo)相關(guān),因此B選項(xiàng)正確。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
A選項(xiàng)“他們導(dǎo)師的影響”:對(duì)應(yīng)第四段第二句“我的一個(gè)朋友是一家化學(xué)公司的銷(xiāo)售代表,她工作的第一年掙的錢(qián)是她大學(xué)老師的兩倍(twicethesalaryofhercollegeinstructors)?!保@里只是講到學(xué)生和老師工資的差異,并沒(méi)有表達(dá)老師和學(xué)生選擇專(zhuān)業(yè)的關(guān)系,屬于偷換概念;
C選項(xiàng)“他們自己對(duì)課程的理解”:文中沒(méi)有提到學(xué)生對(duì)課程的理解導(dǎo)致對(duì)專(zhuān)業(yè)的選擇不同,屬于無(wú)中生有;
D選項(xiàng)“他們對(duì)他人貢獻(xiàn)的理解”:對(duì)應(yīng)第五段第一句“我們的文明已經(jīng)在與我們自身相距甚遠(yuǎn)的領(lǐng)域積累了大量的知識(shí),我們更好地理解了這些領(lǐng)域的其他貢獻(xiàn)?!?,這里指的是這些領(lǐng)域的貢獻(xiàn),而非大學(xué)生自己的貢獻(xiàn),屬于張冠李戴。
第3題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】
Bysaying“Whileit’struethat...betheyscientificorartistic”(Para.5),theauthormeansthat________.他說(shuō)“Whileit’struethat...betheyscientificorartistic”(第五段),作者的意思是________。
A.businessmanagementshouldbeincludedineducationalprogramsA.企業(yè)管理應(yīng)該包括在教育計(jì)劃中
B.humanwisdomhasaccumulatedatanextraordinarilyhighspeedB.人類(lèi)智慧以極快的速度積累
C.humanintellectualdevelopmenthasreachednewheightsC.人類(lèi)智力發(fā)展達(dá)到了新的高度
D.theimportanceofabroadeducationshouldnotbeoverlookedD.廣泛教育的重要性不應(yīng)被忽視
【答案】D
【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。
【解題思路】根據(jù)題干中出處提示詞Para.5和信息詞Whileit’strue定位到第五段第一句,該處講到“誠(chéng)然,我們都需要一份職業(yè),但同樣不可否認(rèn)的是(itisequallytruethat),我們的文明已經(jīng)在與我們自身相距甚遠(yuǎn)的領(lǐng)域積累了大量的知識(shí)(anincredibleamountofknowledge),我們更好地理解了(betterforourunderstanding)這些領(lǐng)域的其他貢獻(xiàn)——無(wú)論是科學(xué)上的還是藝術(shù)上的(betheyscientificorartistic)?!?,除了職業(yè)需要的知識(shí),我們還積累了大量非職業(yè)需要的知識(shí),這里強(qiáng)調(diào)這些知識(shí)人們已經(jīng)知道,并且非常重要,需要更多推廣,因此D選項(xiàng)正確。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
A選項(xiàng)“企業(yè)管理應(yīng)該包括在教育計(jì)劃中”:這里沒(méi)有提到企業(yè)管理,屬于無(wú)中生有;
B選項(xiàng)“人類(lèi)智慧以極快的速度積累”:這里提到人類(lèi)文明積累了大量知識(shí),但不代表人類(lèi)智慧增長(zhǎng)速度很快,屬于偷換概念;
C選項(xiàng)“人類(lèi)智力發(fā)展達(dá)到了新的高度”:這里沒(méi)有說(shuō)到人類(lèi)智力到了新高度,屬于無(wú)中生有。
第4題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】
WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?根據(jù)文章,下列哪個(gè)陳述正確?
A.Businessmenabsorbedintheircareerarenarrow-minded.A.專(zhuān)心于事業(yè)的商人心胸狹窄。
B.Managersoftenfindithardtotellrightfromwrong.B.老板們常常認(rèn)為很難分清是非。
C.Careerseekersshouldnotfocusonimmediateinterestsonly.C.求職者不應(yīng)該只關(guān)注眼前的利益。
D.Peopleengagedintechnicaljobsleadamorerewardinglife.D.從事技術(shù)工作的人生活更有意義。
【答案】C
【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。
【解題思路】此題定位到第六段,該處講到“每周我們都能讀到工會(huì)(unions)為提高工資而罷工(strikeforhigherwages),結(jié)果卻把他們的雇主趕出了市場(chǎng)……從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來(lái)看,這是多么目光短淺(shortsighted)??!”,可知工會(huì)罷工這件事目光短淺,求職者不應(yīng)目光短淺,因此C選項(xiàng)正確。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
A選項(xiàng)“專(zhuān)心于事業(yè)的商人心胸狹窄”:文中沒(méi)有提到商人心胸狹窄,屬于無(wú)中生有;
B選項(xiàng)“老板們常常認(rèn)為很難分清是非”:對(duì)應(yīng)第七段“但支持廣泛教育最重要的理由是,在學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)代積累的智慧中,我們提高了自己的道德感(improveourmoralsense)……其中一個(gè)商人正在對(duì)講機(jī)里說(shuō):‘巴克斯特小姐,請(qǐng)您派一個(gè)能明辨是非的人(candistinguishrightfromwrong)來(lái)好嗎?’”,這里的明辨是非指的是分清道德上的對(duì)錯(cuò),不是說(shuō)很難分辨對(duì)錯(cuò),而是說(shuō)人們道德感低,屬于偷換概念;
D選項(xiàng)“從事技術(shù)工作的人生活更有意義”:對(duì)應(yīng)第二段第二句“培養(yǎng)一種有意義的人生哲學(xué)已經(jīng)不那么重要了(meaningfulphilosophyoflife)。”,這里指的是有意義的人生哲學(xué),而不是人生因?yàn)閺氖录夹g(shù)工作而有意義,屬于偷換概念。
10.翻譯題
Theirrationalfearspeopleexpresstodayaboutcloningparallelthosesurroundingroboticshalfacenturyago.SoIwouldliketoproposeThreeLawofCloningthatalsoclarifythreemisunderstandings:1.Ahumancloneisahumanbeingnolessuniqueinhisorherpersonhoodthananidenticaltwin.2.Ahumanclonehasalltherightsandprivilegesthataccompanythislegalandmoralstatus.3.Ahumancloneistobeaccordedthedignityandrespectdueanymemberofyourspecies.Althoughsuchsimplificationsriskerasingtherichdifferencesfoundinethicaldebatesoverpioneeringresearch,theydoaidinreducingridiculousfearsoftenassociatedwithsuchadvances.
【答案】人們今天對(duì)克隆所表現(xiàn)出的非理性恐懼與50年前人們對(duì)機(jī)器人表現(xiàn)出的恐懼類(lèi)似。因此我提出三個(gè)關(guān)于克隆的觀(guān)點(diǎn)來(lái)澄清三個(gè)誤解:1、克隆人也是人,他的個(gè)性就像同卵孿生子一樣。2、克隆人擁有與這種法律和道德地位伴隨的所有權(quán)利和特權(quán)。3、克隆人應(yīng)該被給予應(yīng)有的尊嚴(yán)和尊重,就像你對(duì)待其它成員一樣。盡管這類(lèi)簡(jiǎn)化冒著消除有關(guān)前沿研究的道德?tīng)?zhēng)論的復(fù)雜性,但是的確有助于減少有關(guān)的荒謬的恐懼。
11.翻譯題
Vacationsaremorenecessarynowthanbeforebecausetodaytheaveragelifeislesswell-roundedandhasbecomeincreasinglycompartmentalized.Isupposetheideaofvacations,asweconceiveit,mustbeincomprehensibletoprimitivepeoples.Restofsomekindhasofcoursealwaysbeenapartoftherhythmofhumanlife,butearlieragesdidnotfinditnecessarytoorganizeitinthewaythatmodernmanhasdone.Holidaysandfeastdaysweresufficient.
Withmodernman’sincreasingtensions,withthestultifyingqualityofsomuchofhiswork,thisbreakintheyear’sroutinebecamesteadilymorenecessary.Vacationsbecamemandatoryforthepurposeofrenewalandrepair.AndsoitcameaboutthatintheUnitedStates,themostself-indulgentofnations,themosttenseandcompartmentalized,vacationshavecometotakeapredominantplaceindomesticconversation.
【答案】現(xiàn)在度假比以前更有必要,因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)在一般人的生活不再像以前那樣豐富多彩,而且變得越來(lái)越單調(diào)。我想原始人肯定不理解我們現(xiàn)在所想的休假。當(dāng)然,某種方式的休息一直是人類(lèi)生活節(jié)奏的一部分,但社會(huì)早期并不認(rèn)為有必要像現(xiàn)代人那樣安排休假。節(jié)日足以滿(mǎn)足人們的需要。
隨著現(xiàn)代人的情緒日益緊張,加之工作要求高,強(qiáng)度大,所以在一年的日常工作中進(jìn)行休假變得越來(lái)越有必要。休假成為調(diào)節(jié)和修整心態(tài)的必要手段。因此,在美國(guó)這個(gè)最緊張單調(diào)的國(guó)家里,度假已經(jīng)成為家庭閑談的主要話(huà)題。
12.單選題
Youmustpackplentyoffoodforthejourney.(),youwillneedwarmclothes,sopackthemtoo.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.Equally
B.Incidentally
C.Inevitably
D.Likewise
【答案】D
【解析】語(yǔ)法知識(shí)。Equally相等地,Incidentally偶然地,Inevitably不可避免地,Likewise同樣地。句意:你必須帶上足夠的食物去旅行,你還需要暖和的衣服,所以也要一起打包。句子為并列關(guān)系,所以選項(xiàng)D符合語(yǔ)境。
13.單選題
Thesalesmanapproachedthehousecautiouslywhenhesawthedogatthedoor.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.carefully
B.deliberately
C.nervously
D.bravely
【答案】A
【解析】考查副詞辨析。cautiously“小心地;謹(jǐn)慎地”;A選項(xiàng)carefully“小心地”;B選項(xiàng)deliberately“故意地”;C選項(xiàng)nervously“神經(jīng)質(zhì)地;焦急地”;D選項(xiàng)bravely“勇敢地;無(wú)畏地”。句意:推銷(xiāo)員看到門(mén)口的狗,小心翼翼地走近房子。根據(jù)句中“whenhesawthedogatthedoor在看見(jiàn)門(mén)口的狗后”可知cautiously在這里的意思應(yīng)為“小心地”,因此A選項(xiàng)正確。
14.單選題
Especiallyimportanttomanypeople().
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.thereislegislationagainstpollution
B.islegislationagainstpollution
C.itislegislationagainstpollution
D.legislationagainstpollutionis
【答案】B
【解析】語(yǔ)法題。考查倒裝。Especially位于句首時(shí),句子可倒裝,因此可把表語(yǔ)和系動(dòng)詞提前,故B項(xiàng)正確。句意:對(duì)許多人來(lái)說(shuō),尤其重要的是立法防止污染。
15.單選題
Aftera37-yearadvertisingcareeratYoung&Rubicam,PeterA.Georgescuisfindingtimetopromoteafewcausesthatareasdeartohim.
Mr.Georgescu,66,whooncemanagedwell-knowncampaignslikethe“SofterSideofSears,”retiredaschairmanandchiefexecutiveofYoung&Rubicamin2000,buthesaysheisnowin“themostwonderfulchapterofmylife.”
Itisanaptmetaphorbecausehisbook,TheSourceofSuccess(Jossey-Bass,$27.95)isbeingpublishedthismonth.ThebookaimstoexplainwhatMr.GeorgescuviewsasthetwomajorchallengesfacingAmerica:economiccompetitionfromtheemergingeconomiesofChinaandIndiaandaneedtofostermorecreativitywithinAmericancompanies.
“Theonlywaythisnationcancompetewiththosethatproducehigh-qualityproductsatalowerpriceisbygeneratingideasthatbuildaspecialrelationshipwithconsumers,”hesaid.“Everyonehasbuildingsandtechnology;thosearecommodities.Theonlyleverageableassetinthefuturewillbecreativity.”
AnyprofitfromhisbookwillgotoacharitycalledBetterChance,whichfindsbrightchildreninsomeofthenation'spoorestneighborhoodsandhelpsthemtoattendoutstandinghighschools,includingprivateprepschoolslikethePhillipsExeterAcademyinNewHampshire.
Mr.Georgescu,anExeteralumnus,receivedabachelor'sdegreeinpoliticalsciencefromPrincetonandanM.B.A.fromStanfordbeforestartingatYoung&Rubicamin1963.
HesaidhecountedhimselfluckytohavegainedadmissiontoExeterin1954,whenhearrivedintheUnitedStatesattheageof15fromhisnativeRomaniaafterspendingsevenyearsinaCommunistlaborcamp.
“Ihadbeencleaningsewers,andIspokelittleEnglish,butsomeonegavemeachance,”hesaid.“Iwanttodothatforotheryoungpeoplewhoaredisadvantaged.”
HealsovolunteersasaboardmemberoftheNewYorkPhilharmonic.Inthebusinessworld,heholdsthetitleofchairmanemeritusofYoung&Rubicamandservesasadirectorforseveralcompanies.
Heandhiswife,Barbara,liveinManhattanandhaveasonandthreegranddaughters.Herisesat6a.m.mostdaystorunfivemiles,partlyalongtheEastRiver.
“That'showItorturemyself,”hesaid.
1.Fromthefirst3paragraphsweknowthatMr.Georgescuis().
2.WhatareMr.GeorgescuviewsaboutthemajorchallengesfacingAmerica?
3.AccordingtoMr.Georgescu,thefutureofeconomiccompetitionliesin().
4.Wemayinferfromthecontextthat“Exeter”(Line1,Para.6)isthenameof().
5.Thebesttitleforthepassagemaybe().
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.anauthor
B.anadvertiser
C.theauthorofthe“SofterSideofSears”
D.chairmanandchiefexecutiveofYoung&Rubicam
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.ChinaandIndia.
B.Competitionandcreativity.
C.Competitionfromtheemergingeconomies.
D.AneedtofostermorecreativitywithinAmericancompanies.
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.goodideas
B.consumers
C.commodities
D.creativity
問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)
A.ahighschool
B.acharity
C.asmalltown
D.arefugeeshelter
問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)
A.AManager’s37-yearAdvertisingCareer
B.TheSourceofSuccess
C.TwoMajorChallengesFacingAmerica
D.AGratefulStudentReturnstheFavor
【答案】第1題:A
第2題:B
第3題:D
第4題:C
第5題:B
【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。原文第一段提及,作者曾經(jīng)是一名廣告商,而題干問(wèn)的是現(xiàn)在的職業(yè),所以選項(xiàng)B錯(cuò)誤;“SofterSideofSears”是一場(chǎng)活動(dòng)不是書(shū)名,選項(xiàng)C錯(cuò)誤;選項(xiàng)D同樣也是他過(guò)去的職位,所以不正確。原文第三段提及,他的新書(shū)《成功之源》即將出版,由此可知,他是一名作者,所以選項(xiàng)A正確。
2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“ThebookaimstoexplainwhatMr.GeorgescuviewsasthetwomajorchallengesfacingAmerica:economiccompetitionfromtheemergingeconomiesofChinaandIndiaandaneedtofostermorecreativitywithinAmericancompanies.這本書(shū)的目的是解釋Georgescu所認(rèn)為的美國(guó)面臨的兩大挑戰(zhàn):來(lái)自中國(guó)和印度等新興經(jīng)濟(jì)體的經(jīng)濟(jì)競(jìng)爭(zhēng),以及培養(yǎng)美國(guó)公司更多創(chuàng)造力的需要?!焙?jiǎn)而言之,也就是競(jìng)爭(zhēng)和創(chuàng)造力。所以選項(xiàng)B正確。
3.詞義推斷題。根據(jù)原文第四段的內(nèi)容,Mr.Georgescu認(rèn)為美國(guó)要想與那些以較低價(jià)格生產(chǎn)高質(zhì)量產(chǎn)品的國(guó)家競(jìng)爭(zhēng),唯一的辦法就是想出與消費(fèi)者建立特殊關(guān)系的點(diǎn)子。大家都有建筑和技術(shù);這些都是商品。未來(lái)唯一可以利用的資產(chǎn)將是創(chuàng)造力。由此可知,選項(xiàng)D正確。
4.詞義推斷題。上文提及“‘更好機(jī)會(huì)’的慈善機(jī)構(gòu)幫助一些貧困社區(qū)里聰明的孩子上優(yōu)秀的高中,包括新罕布什爾的菲利普斯埃克塞特學(xué)院等私立預(yù)科學(xué)校?!庇纱丝芍癊xeter”指的是高中學(xué)校,所以選項(xiàng)A正確。
5.主旨大意題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知,本文主要是圍繞著Mr.Georgescu的新書(shū)《成功之源》展開(kāi),所以選項(xiàng)B作為標(biāo)題更恰當(dāng)。
16.單選題
___,Mr.Wellsisscarcelyinsympathywiththeworkingclass.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.Althoughheisasocialist
B.Evenifheisasocialist
C.Beingasocialist
D.Sinceheisasocialist
【答案】A
【解析】考查邏輯關(guān)系。A選項(xiàng)Althoughheisasocialist“雖然他是一個(gè)社會(huì)主義者”;B選項(xiàng)Evenifheisasocialist“即使他是一個(gè)社會(huì)主義者”;C選項(xiàng)Beingasocialist“作為一個(gè)社會(huì)主義”;D選項(xiàng)Sinceheisasocialist“因?yàn)樗且粋€(gè)社會(huì)主義者”。句意:___,威爾斯先生幾乎不同情工人階級(jí)。本句表達(dá)“雖然他是一個(gè)社會(huì)主義者,但是他不同情工人階級(jí)”,因此A選項(xiàng)正確。
17.單選題
Ofallthingsintheworld,Imostdislikefillingupforms;infact,Ihavea(1)horrorofit.Applyingforadrivinglicense,
(2)
foraneveningcourse,bookingaholidayabroad—everythingnowadaysseemstoinvolve
(3)informationaboutone’spersonallifeandhabitsthathaslittleornothingtodowiththematter
(4)hand.Whenapplyingforajob,itmaybe
(5)someobscureinteresttoa
(6)employertolearnthatIcollectstampsorhadmeaslesasachild,butwhy
(7)heconceivablywanttoknowthatmyfatherwasatobacconistwhodiedin1988?
Theauthoritieswho(8)onetofillupforms,frequentlydemandanswerstoquestionsthatonewouldhesitatetoput
(9)one’sintimatefriends.Theworstofitisthat,when(10)
withsuchquestions,mymindgoesblank.HaveIeversufferedfromaseriousillness?Mymotheralways
(11)
meIwas“delicate”.DoIsufferfromanypersonaldefects?Well,Iwear(12)lensesandmyupperteetharenotmyown,butperhapstheword“defects”
(13)
tomycharacter.AmIsupposedto
(14)thatIlikegamblingandfinditdifficulttogetupinthemorning?
(15)ofthemaretrue.
Ofall,Ithinkjobapplicationsarethe
(16).“Education’’--previousexperience-postheld——give
(17).Terrifiedbytheawfulwarningaboutfalse
(18)whichappearsatthebottomoftheform,IstruggletorememberwhatexamsIpassedandhowlongIworkedforwhatfirms.(19)hardItry,therealwaysseemstobeayearortwoforwhichIcannotsatisfactorilyaccountandwhichIamcertain,ifleft(20),willgivetheimpressionthatIwasinprisonorengagedinsomeoccupationtoodubioustomention.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.positive
B.negative
C.mild
D.slight
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.attending
B.registering
C.inviting
D.working
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.given
B.togive
C.giving
D.havinggiven
問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)
A.by
B.in
C.at
D.to
問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)
A.by
B.with
C.about
D.of
問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)
A.prospective
B.coming
C.existing
D.on-going
問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)
A.need
B.may
C.should
D.did
問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)
A.bid
B.invite
C.request
D.require
問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)
A.to
B.for
C.upwith
D.with
問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)
A.toconfront
B.confronted
C.confronting
D.beingconfronted
問(wèn)題11選項(xiàng)
A.ensured
B.insured
C.assured
D.reassured
問(wèn)題12選項(xiàng)
A.contact
B.sightless
C.contacting
D.nearsighted
問(wèn)題13選項(xiàng)
A.agrees
B.connects
C.relates
D.applies
問(wèn)題14選項(xiàng)
A.decline
B.deny
C.admit
D.reject
問(wèn)題15選項(xiàng)
A.Neither
B.Both
C.None
D.Either
問(wèn)題16選項(xiàng)
A.best
B.easiest
C.poorest
D.worst
問(wèn)題17選項(xiàng)
A.days
B.dates
C.offers
D.suggestions
問(wèn)題18選項(xiàng)
A.declarations
B.witness
C.publications
D.announcements
問(wèn)題19選項(xiàng)
A.But
B.Therefore
C.Though
D.However
問(wèn)題20選項(xiàng)
A.vacant
B.empty
C.blank
D.unwritten
【答案】第1題:A
第2題:B
第3題:C
第4題:B
第5題:D
第6題:A
第7題:C
第8題:D
第9題:A
第10題:B
第11題:C
第12題:A
第13題:D
第14題:C
第15題:B
第16題:D
第17題:B
第18題:A
第19題:D
第20題:C
【解析】(1)考查形容詞詞義辨析。positive“積極的;真實(shí)的”;negative“消極的”;mild“溫和的”;slight“輕微的”??崭裉幥懊鎯?nèi)容提到“世界上所有事物中,我最不喜歡的就是填表”,并且提到了原因,對(duì)填表有恐懼(horror),四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選項(xiàng)Apositive有“真實(shí)的”意思,“真實(shí)的恐懼”符合前后文情境,因此符合題意。
(2)考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。attend“參加”;register“注冊(cè)”;invite“邀請(qǐng)”;work“工作”。根據(jù)空格處后面的關(guān)鍵詞eveningcourse“晚間課程”可以知道是“注冊(cè)課程”,因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。
(3)考查固定搭配。involvedoingsth.“涉及做某事”,因此可以排除選項(xiàng)A與B;由前面的“applying”,”booking”等可知此處不需要用完成時(shí),所以選項(xiàng)C符合題意。
(4)考查詞組辨析??崭裉幩诰渥拥拇笠馐牵含F(xiàn)在幾乎每處都需要提供關(guān)于個(gè)人生活和習(xí)慣的信息,而這些信息跟手頭上的事情沒(méi)有什么關(guān)系。inhand“手頭上的”,所以選項(xiàng)B符合題意。
(5)考查固定搭配。beofinterestto“對(duì)……是有意義的,對(duì)……有趣的”。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。
(6)考查同義詞詞義辨析。prospective“未來(lái)的,預(yù)期的”;coming“即將發(fā)生的”;existing“目前的,現(xiàn)存的”;on-going“正在進(jìn)行的,繼續(xù)的”。從whenapplyingforajob可知是在“申請(qǐng)工作”,那么面對(duì)的是“將來(lái)的雇主”,選項(xiàng)A符合題意。
(7)考查should的用法。should常用在以why,how開(kāi)頭的疑問(wèn)句中,因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。
(8)考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。bid“投標(biāo),出價(jià)”;invite“邀請(qǐng),招待”;request“要求,請(qǐng)求”;require“要求,命令”。request是有禮貌的要求,而require有種強(qiáng)迫的意味,從后文的demand處可以看出require符合題意。
(9)考查固定搭配。putsth.tosb.“把(觀(guān)點(diǎn)、建議)等告訴某人”,選項(xiàng)A符合題意。
(10)考查分詞短語(yǔ)的用法。分詞短語(yǔ)可以相當(dāng)于一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),表示在做某事的過(guò)程中,發(fā)生某事或做某事。“面對(duì)問(wèn)題”在文中是被動(dòng)含義,表示作者是被迫來(lái)面對(duì)這樣一些不愿意回答的問(wèn)題,因此,應(yīng)該用when+過(guò)去分詞,選項(xiàng)B符合題意,如果是主動(dòng)含義,則用現(xiàn)在分詞。
(11)考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。ensure“確?!保琫nsuresth,/that;insure“投保”;assure“保證;擔(dān)保”,assuresb.ofsth.或者assuresb.(that);reassure“使安心”。根據(jù)后文Iwas“delicate”可知,此處省略了that,選項(xiàng)C符合題意。
(12)考查固定搭配。contactlenses“隱形眼鏡”,選項(xiàng)A符合題意。
(13)考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。agree“同意”;connect“聯(lián)系”;relate“相關(guān)”;apply“申請(qǐng);使用”,applyto“適用于”??崭裉幩诰渥拥拇笠馐牵何掖髦[形眼鏡,補(bǔ)著牙齒,但是也許“缺陷”這個(gè)詞適用于我的性格。因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。
(14)考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。decline“下降;婉拒”;deny“否認(rèn)”;admit“承認(rèn)”;reject“拒絕”??崭裉幩诰渥拥拇笠馐牵何沂遣皇菚?huì)被猜測(cè)應(yīng)該承認(rèn)自己愛(ài)賭博,早上起不來(lái)呢?選項(xiàng)C符合題意。
(15)考查主謂一致。根據(jù)be動(dòng)詞are可以判斷空格處應(yīng)該填B,其他選項(xiàng)后面應(yīng)該使用單數(shù)形式。
(16)考查邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)后面的“terrified”這個(gè)單詞,可以推斷出在作者眼里,找工作是件糟糕的事情,選項(xiàng)D符合題意。
(17)考查名詞詞義辨析。day“一天”;date“日期”;offer“提議;出價(jià);錄取通知書(shū)”。該句講述作者在填寫(xiě)表格里“教育”這一欄,需要提供具體日期,選項(xiàng)B符合題意。
(18)考查名詞詞義辨析。declaration“宣布,公告,聲明”;witness“證人,目擊者”;publication“出版物,發(fā)表”:announcement“公告,宣告”??崭裉幩诰渥拥拇笠馐牵罕槐砀竦撞磕切┤绻顚?xiě)錯(cuò)誤聲明嚇到了的我,拼命去回想我之前通過(guò)了哪些考試,在哪些公司上過(guò)班。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。
(19)考查邏輯連詞。前面提到拼命回想以前的經(jīng)歷,空格處后提到還是有一年或者兩年的經(jīng)歷不太確定,兩者是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。
(20)考查固定搭配。leaveblank“留空格”,選項(xiàng)C符合題意。
18.單選題
Thegovernmentgaveavery(
)explanationofitsplanforeconomicdevelopment.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.comprehensive
B.compound
C.considerable
D.complacent
【答案】A
【解析】形容詞辨析題。comprehensive綜合的,全面的;compound混合的;considerable重要的,相當(dāng)大的;complacent滿(mǎn)足的。句意:政府對(duì)其經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展計(jì)劃作了非常全面的解釋。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。
19.單選題
____inthedark,hisheadhitagainstthewall.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.Whenhewaswalking
B.Walking
C.Hiswalking
D.Whilewalking
【答案】A
【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】
A.WhenhewaswalkingB.Walking
C.HiswalkingD.Whilewalking
【答案】A
【考查點(diǎn)】非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞
【解題思路】根據(jù)選項(xiàng)推斷原句語(yǔ)義為“在黑暗中行走,他的頭撞墻了”。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與句子的主語(yǔ)存在邏輯上的語(yǔ)義關(guān)系,該句的主語(yǔ)hishead“他的頭”與“走”這個(gè)動(dòng)作不存在任何語(yǔ)義關(guān)系,存在語(yǔ)義關(guān)系的是“他”,因此,這里不能使用walk的非謂語(yǔ)形式。A選項(xiàng)Whenhewaswalking“他(在黑暗中)行走時(shí)”,when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,符合英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法,主句和從句可以使用不同的主語(yǔ)。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D選項(xiàng)不符合語(yǔ)法規(guī)范。
【句意】他在黑暗中行走時(shí),頭撞到了墻上。
20.填空題
Inthepastcastleswerenormallyclassifiedas"militaryengineering"andbanished(1)___thearchitecturalsceneatonce.Today,architectsandengineers(2)___farmorecloselylinked(3)___inthepast;wearethereforereadyto(4)___theidea,becauseacastlewasdesigned(5)___awell-protectedhome(6)___itsoccupants(7)___qualitieswhichwecanrecognize(8)___essentiallyarchitectural.Oncethesite(9)___thecastlehadbeenchosen(10)___formwouldbedictated(11)___thematerialswithwhichit(12)___tobebuiltandthemanyservices(13)___hadtoprovideforthose(14)___itswalls.(15)___itschiefrolewasadefensive(16)___,intimesofpeaceit(17)___beexpectedtoact(18)___thecentreoflocalgovernment,a
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