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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-天津現(xiàn)代職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Recentresearchhasclaimedthatanexcessofpositiveionsintheaircanhaveanilleffectonpeople’sphysicalorpsychologicalhealth.Whatarepositiveions?Well,theairisfullofions,electricallychargedparticles,andgenerallythereisaroughbalancebetweenthepositiveandthenegativecharged.Butsometimesthisbalancebecomesdisturbedandalargerproportionofpositiveionsarefound.Thishappensnaturallybeforethunderstorm,earthquakeswhenwindssuchasthemistral,hamsinorsharavareblowingincertaincountries.Oritcanbecausedbyabuild-upofstaticelectricityindoorsfromcarpetsorclothingmadeofman-madefibers,orfromTVsets,duplicatorsorcomputerdisplayscreens.

Whenalargenumberofpositiveionsarepresentintheairmanypeopleexperienceunpleasanteffectssuchasheadaches,fatigue,irritability,andsomeparticularlysensitivepeoplesuffernauseaorevenmentaldisturbance.Animalsarealsoaffected,particularlybeforeearthquakes,snakeshavebeenobservedtocomeoutofhibernation,ratstofleefromtheirburrows,dogshowlandcatsjumpaboutunaccountably.ThishasledtheUSgeographicalsurveytofundanetworkofvolunteerstowatchanimalsinanefforttoforeseesuchdisastersbeforetheyhitvulnerableareassuchasCalifornia.

Conversely,whenlargenumbersofnegativeionsarepresent,thenpeoplehaveafeelingofwell-being.Naturalconditionsthatproducetheselargeamountsarenearthesea,closetowaterfallsorfountains,orinanyplacewherewaterissprayed,orformsaspray.Thisprobablyaccountsforthebeneficialeffectofaholidaybythesea,orinthemountainswithtumblingstreamsorwaterfalls.

Toincreasethesupplyofnegativeionsindoors,somescientistsrecommendtheuseofionizers:smallportablemachines,whichgeneratenegativeions.Theyclaimthationizersnotonlycleanandrefreshtheairbutalsoimprovethehealthofpeoplesensitivetoexcesspositiveions.Ofcourse,therearethedetractors,otherscientists,whodismisssuchclaimsandareskepticalaboutnegative/positiveionresearch.Thereforepeoplecanonlymakeuptheirownmindsbyobservingtheeffectsonthemselves,oronothers,ofanegativerichorpoorenvironment.Afterallitisdebatablewhetherdependingonseismicreadingstoanticipateearthquakesismoreeffectivethanwatchingthecat.

1.Whateffectdoesexceedingpositiveionizationhaveonsomepeople?

2.Ahighnegativeioncountislikelytobefound(

).

3.Somescientistsbelievethat(

).

4.Whatkindofmachinecangeneratenegativeionsindoors?

5.Inaccordancewiththepassage,staticelectricitycanbecausedby(

).

問題1選項

A.Theythinktheyareinsane

B.Theyfeelratherbad-temperedandshort-fussed.

C.Theybecomeviolentlysick

D.Theyaretootiredtodoanything.

問題2選項

A.nearapondwithawaterpump

B.closetoaslow-flowingriver

C.highinsomebarrenmountains

D.byarotatingwatersprinkler

問題3選項

A.watchinganimalstoanticipateearthquakesismoreeffectivethandependingonseismography

B.theunusualbehaviorofanimalscannotbetrusted

C.neitherwatchingnorusingseismographsisreliable

D.earthquake

問題4選項

A.ionizers

B.air-conditioners

C.exhaust-fans

D.vacuumpumps.

問題5選項

A.usinghome-madeelectricalgoods

B.wearingclothesmadeofnaturalmaterials

C.walkingonartificialfloorcoverings

D.copyingTVprogramsonacomputer

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.細節(jié)題。第二段指出:Whenalargenumberofpositiveionsarepresentintheairmanypeopleexperienceunpleasanteffectssuchasheadaches,fatigue,irritability,andsomeparticularlysensitivepeoplesuffernauseaorevenmentaldisturbance.當(dāng)空氣中出現(xiàn)大量的正離子時,許多人就會有不適感,如頭痛、疲勞和易怒。一些體質(zhì)敏感人群就會出現(xiàn)惡心,甚至精神混亂現(xiàn)象。由此可知選B:他們會感覺易怒和短暫的焦慮。

2.細節(jié)題。第三段指出:Naturalconditionsthatproducetheselargeamountsarenearthesea,closetowaterfallsorfountains,orinanyplacewherewaterissprayed,orformsaspray.產(chǎn)生大量負離子的地方在海邊、瀑布或噴泉附近、正在噴水的地方或者有噴水的地方。由此可知選D(旋轉(zhuǎn)的噴水器)正確。

3.推斷題。第二段指出:...USgeographicalsurveytofundanetworkofvolunteerstowatchanimalsinanefforttoforeseesuchdisasters:美國地質(zhì)調(diào)查局出資建立一個自愿者網(wǎng)絡(luò),通過觀察動物的行為,以此預(yù)報那些災(zāi)害。由此得出選擇A(觀察動物的行為來預(yù)報地震比依賴地震測定法更有效)正確。

4.細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞negativeionsindoors定位至最后一段:Toincreasethesupplyofnegativeionsindoors,somescientistsrecommendtheuseofionizers:為了使室內(nèi)有更多的負離子,一些科學(xué)家推薦使用離子發(fā)生器。由此選A:離子發(fā)生器。

5.細節(jié)題。第一段指出:...staticelectricityindoorsfromcarpetsorclothingmadeofman-madefibers,orfromTVsets,duplicatorsorcomputerdisplayscreens.室內(nèi)靜電來自于地毯、人造纖維的制成的衣服、電視、復(fù)印機或電腦的顯示屏。由此可知選C:在人造的地板裝飾物上行走。

2.單選題

Herpanicwastransient,andceasedwhenshebegantospeak.

問題1選項

A.beyonddescription

B.unnoticed

C.passingquickly

D.vague

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞和詞組辨析。transient“短暫的;路過的”;A選項beyonddescription“無法形容,難以形容”;B選項unnoticed“被忽視的;不引人注意的;未被注意的”;C選項passingquickly“飛逝的”;D選項vague“模糊的;含糊的”。句意:她的驚慌是暫時的,一開口就停止了。由題干中的“ceasedwhenshebegantospeak一開口就停止了”可推知transient在這里有“短暫的”的意思,因此C選項正確。

3.單選題

Wecanbeginourdiscussionof“populationasglobalissue”withwhatmostpersonsmeanwhentheydiscuss“thepopulationproblem”:toomanypeopleonearthandatoorapidincreaseinthenumberaddedeachyear.Thefactsarenotindispute.Itwasquiterighttoemploytheanalogythatlikeneddemographicgrowthto“along,thinpowderfusethatburnssteadilyandhaltinglyuntilitfinallyreachesthechargeandexplodes.”

Tounderstandthecurrentsituation,whichischaracterizedbyrapidincreasesinpopulation,itisnecessarytounderstandthehistoryofpopulationtrends.Rapidgrowthisacomparativelyrecentphenomenon.Lookingbackatthe8,000yearsofdemographichistory,wefindthatpopulationshavebeenvirtuallystableorgrowingveryslightlyformostofhumanhistory.Formostofourancestors,lifewashard,oftennasty,andveryshort.Therewashighfertilityinmostplaces,butthiswasusuallybalancedbyhighmortality.Formostofhumanhistory,itwasseldomthecasethatoneintenpersonswouldlivepastforty,whileinfancyandchildhoodwereespeciallyriskyperiods.Often,societieswereincleardangerofextinctionbecausedeathratescouldexceedtheirbirthrates.Thus,thepopulationproblemthroughoutmostofhistorywashowtopreventextinctionofthehumanrace.

Thispatternisimportanttonotice.Notonlydoesitputthecurrentproblemsofdemographicgrowthintoahistoricalperspective,butitsuggeststhatthecauseofrapidincreaseinpopulationinrecentyearsisnotasuddenenthusiasmformorechildren,butanimprovementintheconditionsthattraditionallyhavecausedhighmortality.

Demographichistorycanbedividedintotwomajorperiods:atimeoflongslowgrowthwhichextendedfromabout8,000BC.toapproximatelyAD.1650.Inthefirstperiodofsome9600years,thepopulationincreasedfromsome8millionto500millionin1650.Between1650andthepresent,thepopulationhasincreasedfrom500milliontomorethan4billion.Anditisestimatedthatbytheyear2000therewillbe6.2billionpeoplethroughouttheworld.Onewaytoappreciatethisdramaticdifferenceinsuchabstractnumbersistoreducethetimeframetosomethingthatismoremanageable.Between8000BCand1650,anaverageofonly50,000personswasbeingaddedannuallytotheworld’spopulationeachyear.Atpresent,thisnumberisaddedeverysixhours.Theincreaseisabout80,000,000personsannually.

11.Whichofthefollowingdemographicgrowthpatternismostsuitableforthelongthinpowderfuseanalogy?

12.Duringthefirstperiodofdemographichistory,societieswereoftenindangerofextinctionbecause_____.

13.Whichstatementistrueaboutpopulationincrease?

14.Theauthorofthepassageintendsto_____.

15.Theword“demographic”inthefirstparagraphmeans_____.

問題1選項

A.Avirtuallystableorslightlydecreasingperiodandthenasuddenexplosionofpopulation.

B.Aslowgrowthforalongtimeandthenaperiodofrapid,dramaticincrease.

C.Toomanypeopleonearthandafewrapidincreaseinthenumberaddedeachyear.

D.Alongperiodwhendeathratesexceedsbirthratesandthenashortperiodwithhigherfertilityandlowermortality.

問題2選項

A.onlyoneintenpersonscouldlivepast40

B.therewashighermortalitythanfertilityinmostplaces

C.itwastoodangeroustohavebabiesduetothepoorconditions

D.ourancestorshadlittleenthusiasmformorechildren

問題3選項

A.Theremightbeanincreaseof2.2billionpersonsfromnowtotheyear2000.

B.About50,000babiesareborneverysixhoursatpresent.

C.Between8000BCandthepresent,thepopulationincreaseisabout80,000,000personseachyear.

D.Thepopulationincreasedfasterbetween8000BCand1650thanbetween1650andthepresent.

問題4選項

A.warnpeopleagainstthepopulationexplosioninthenearfuture.

B.comparethedemographicgrowthpatterninthepastwiththatafter1650.

C.findoutthecauseforrapidincreaseinpopulationinrecentyears.

D.presentusaclearandcompletepictureofthedemographicgrowth.

問題5選項

A.statisticsofhuman

B.surroundingsstudy

C.accumulationofhuman

D.developmentofhuman

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】11.推理判斷題,第一段如此描述“thelong,thinpowderfuse(細長的火藥引線)”:...burnssteadilyandhaltinglyuntilitfinallyreachesthechargeandexplodes,“它一直斷斷續(xù)續(xù)地燃燒,直到最后爆發(fā)”。第二段中說到人類在以前的時期增長并不高,有時出生率還低于死亡率,到了近期才出現(xiàn)快速增長,對應(yīng)A選項“一段幾乎穩(wěn)定或略微減少的時期,然后人口突然暴增”;

B選項“一段很長時間的緩慢增長,然后是一段快速、戲劇性的增長時期”,見正確選項解析,這里屬于反向干擾;

C選項“地球上的人太多了,而且數(shù)量每年都在迅速增加”,見正確選項解析,few和rapid是反義詞,所以不選,這里屬于偷換概念;

D選項“在很長一段時間內(nèi),死亡率超過出生率,然后在很短一段時間內(nèi),生育率較高,死亡率較低”,見正確選項解析,出生率超過死亡率屬于反向干擾。

12.事實細節(jié)題,定位到第二段倒數(shù)第二句話Often,societieswereincleardangerofextinctionbecausedeathratescouldexceedtheirbirthrates.“通常,社會處于明顯的滅絕危險之中,因為死亡率可能超過出生率”,從這里可以看出答案選B“在大多數(shù)地方,死亡率高于生育率”;

A選項“只有十分之一的人能活過40歲”,定位到第二段倒數(shù)第三句話Formostofhumanhistory,itwasseldomthecasethatoneintenpersonswouldlivepastforty,whileinfancyandchildhoodwereespeciallyriskyperiods.“在人類歷史的大部分時間里,很少有十分之一的人能活過40歲,而嬰兒期和兒童期是特別危險的時期”,從這里可以知道A選項表述正確,但是這不是社會處于危險中的原因,這里屬于出處錯誤;

C選項“由于條件惡劣,生孩子太危險了”,定位到文章第三段最后一句話butanimprovementintheconditionsthattraditionallyhavecausedhighmortality.“而是傳統(tǒng)上造成高死亡率的條件的改善”,這里只是說條件提高了,沒說是因為以前生孩子很危險。這里屬于無中生有;

D選項“我們的祖先對多生孩子沒有什么熱情”,定位到第二段倒數(shù)第四句話Therewashighfertilityinmostplaces,butthiswasusuallybalancedbyhighmortality.“大多數(shù)地方的生育率都很高,但這通常與高死亡率相平衡”,從這里可知我們的祖先不是沒有熱情生孩子而是因為死亡率也高導(dǎo)致人口增長低,這里屬于反向干擾。

13.事實細節(jié)題,定位到第四段三四句andthepresent,thepopulationhasincreasedfrom500milliontomorethan4billion.Anditisestimatedthatbytheyear2000therewillbe6.2billionpeoplethroughouttheworld.“現(xiàn)在,人口已經(jīng)從5億增長到40多億。據(jù)估計,到2000年,全世界將有62億人”,從這里可知A選項“從現(xiàn)在到2000年,人口可能會增加22億”正確;

B選項“目前每六個小時大約有50000個嬰兒出生”,定位到第四段倒數(shù)第二三句Between8000BCand1650,anaverageofonly50,000personswasbeingaddedannuallytotheworld'spopulationeachyear.Atpresent,thisnumberisaddedeverysixhours.“在公元前8000年到1650年間,世界人口每年平均只增加5萬人。目前,這個數(shù)字每六個小時加一次”,人口增長的數(shù)量是出生人口減去死亡人口,所以根據(jù)文章說法每六個小時增加5萬人的話,嬰兒的出生數(shù)應(yīng)該大于5萬,B選項屬于偷換概念;

C選項“從公元前8000年到現(xiàn)在,人口每年增長約8000萬人”,定位到最后一段最后一句話Theincreaseisabout80,000,000personsannually.“每年增加約8000萬人”由此可知C選項錯誤,這是現(xiàn)在的人口增長數(shù)不是從公元前8000年到現(xiàn)在的人口增長的年均增長數(shù),這里屬于張冠李戴;

D選項“公元前8000年到1650年之間人口增長比1650年到現(xiàn)在更快”,結(jié)合B、C選項分析,D選項錯誤,是1650到現(xiàn)在的人口增長速度比公元前8000年到1650年的速度要快,這里屬于反向干擾。

14.主旨大意題,第一步,尋找文章話題導(dǎo)入,文章開門見山以人口問題為導(dǎo)入,第二步,關(guān)注首尾兩段核心句,首段定位到最后一句Itwasquiterighttoemploytheanalogythatlikeneddemographicgrowthto“along,thinpowderfusethatburnssteadilyandhaltinglyuntilitfinallyreachesthechargeandexplodes.”“將人口增長比作‘一根細長的導(dǎo)火索,穩(wěn)定而斷斷續(xù)續(xù)地燃燒,直到它最終引爆并爆炸’,這是非常正確的”,把人口增長比作炸彈;末段則是提出Demographichistorycanbedividedintotwomajorperiods“人口歷史可以分為兩個主要時期”,歷史的人口增長主要分為兩個階段。第三步,分析文章的行文結(jié)構(gòu),文章的結(jié)構(gòu)是總分總,第一段講述的是把人口增長比作炸彈,然后文章由此展開,第二段是解釋為什么要這么作比喻,第三段講述過去的人口增長曲線對現(xiàn)在人口快速增長有什么暗示,第四段就是對現(xiàn)在人口增長的總結(jié)和未來作出預(yù)估。文章定位到第四段第三四句話Between1650andthepresent,thepopulationhasincreasedfrom500milliontomorethan4billion.Anditisestimatedthatbytheyear2000therewillbe6.2billionpeoplethroughouttheworld.從這里可以看出,作者是在提醒人們?nèi)丝谠鲩L的速度越來越快,暗含著對人們的警示意義,所以答案選A選項“警告人們不要在不久的將來發(fā)生人口爆炸”;

B選項“比較過去和1650年后的人口增長模式”,文章雖然有提及,但是這是事實,不是作者寫這篇文章的目的,這里屬于出處錯誤;

C選項“找出近年來人口快速增長的原因”,文章在第三段已經(jīng)說出了人口快速增長的原因,那就是醫(yī)療水平的增加,這里不是作者意圖,這里也屬于出處錯位;

D選項“向我們展示人口增長的清晰和完整的畫面”,文章雖然有提及,但這里題干的要求是作者的意圖,這里屬于出處錯位。

15.詞匯推斷題,第一步,定位到句中前后信息的銜接,即第一段最后一句話Itwasquiterighttoemploytheanalogythatlikeneddemographicgrowthto“along,thinpowderfusethatburnssteadilyandhaltinglyuntilitfinallyreachesthechargeandexplodes”“將()增長比作‘一根細長的導(dǎo)火索,穩(wěn)定地、斷斷續(xù)續(xù)地燃燒,直到它最終引爆并爆炸’,這是非常正確的”,第二步,篇章主旨,根據(jù)第14題可知,文章的主旨是在講人口的增長,文章的出現(xiàn)的最多的是在不同階段的人口數(shù)據(jù),而第一段第二句話是文章的主旨句,由此可以推測答案選A選項“關(guān)于人口的統(tǒng)計”;

B選項“環(huán)境研究”,從文章主旨上可以看出,全文都是在描述與人口增長的特征,所以排除B選項,這里屬于無中生有;

C選項“人類積累”文章沒有談到人類的積累,這里屬于無中生有;

D選項“人類的發(fā)展,”,文章沒有提及,屬于無中生有。

4.單選題

Thebanditsdemandedthatoneofthetravelersshouldstaywiththemasa(

).

問題1選項

A.humanitarian

B.horn

C.host

D.hostage

【答案】D

【解析】humanitarian人道主義者,慈善家;horn觸角,號角;host主持人;hostage人質(zhì),抵押品。句意:歹徒要求其中一名旅客作為人質(zhì)待在他們身邊。選項D符合句意。

5.單選題

TheGovernmenthasthereforeagreedtopayauthoritiesextrasumsto()fortheirfinanciallosses.

問題1選項

A.makeup

B.turnup

C.fillin

D.leanon

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項makeup“組成,編造,彌補”;B選項turnup“出現(xiàn),發(fā)生”;C選項fillin“填寫”;D選項leanon“依賴,靠在……上”。句意:政府因此同意向當(dāng)局支付額外的金額,以彌補他們的經(jīng)濟損失。makeupfor意為“補償,彌補”,選項A正確。

6.單選題

Theyhadtoeata(n)(

)meal,ortheywouldbetoolatefortheconcert.

問題1選項

A.temporary

B.hasty

C.immediate

D.urgent

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。temporary“暫時的,臨時的”;hasty“匆忙的,輕率的”;immediate“立即的,直接的”;urgent“緊急的,急迫的”。

句意:他們只能急匆匆地吃了飯,不然音樂會他們就會遲到了。選項B符合題意。

7.單選題

Becausewewillneveragreeaboutthis,anyfurtherdiscussionis().

問題1選項

A.discernible

B.heedless

C.futile

D.reflective

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項為“可辨別的,可識別的”;B選項為“不注意的,不留心的”;C選項為“無效的,無用的”;D選項為“反射的;反映的;深思熟慮的”。根據(jù)“neveragreeaboutthis”可知,因為我們在這件事上總不能意見一致,所以可知進一步討論是沒有用。因此正確答案為C選項。

8.單選題

Thesimplestanimalsarethosewhosebodiesaresimplestinstructureandwhichdothethingsdonebyalllivinganimals,suchaseating,breathing,movingandfeeling,inthemost(

)way.

問題1選項

A.bizarre

B.primitive

C.advantageous

D.unique

【答案】B

【解析】bizarre奇異的;primitive原始的,簡單的;advantageous有利的,有益的;unique獨一無二的。句意:最簡單的動物是那些身體結(jié)構(gòu)單一的動物,它們以最原始的方式做所有動物都做的事情,如吃、呼吸、活動和感知。選項B符合語境。

9.翻譯題

Whatisthebestexercisetocontrolhighbloodpressure?Takeyourpick,asthebestexercisetocontrolhighbloodpressureseemstobevirtuallyanyexercise,likewalkingorcyclingorlightweighttraining,especiallyifyourworkoutsarespreadthroughouttheday.

“Evenstandingmightwork,”saysGlennGaesser,thedirectoroftheHealthyLifestylesResearchCenteratArizonaStateUniversityandanexpertonexerciseandhypertension.Exerciselowersbloodpressureinlargepartbyalteringbloodvesselstiffnesssobloodflowsmorefreely.Thiseffectoccursduringandimmediatelyafteraworkout,sotheblood-pressurebenefitsfromexercisearemostpronouncedrightafter,youworkout.Asaresult,thebestwaytofighthypertensionmaybetodivvyupyourworkoutintobite-sizepieces.

Ina2012studybyDr.Gaesser,three10-minutewalksspreadthroughoutthedaywerebetteratpreventingsubsequentspikesinbloodpressure—whichcanindicateworseningbloodpressurecontrol—thanone30-minutewalk.Andifevena10-minutewalksoundsdaunting,trystandingmoreoften.InanotherstudyledbyDr.GaesserandpublishedinAugust,overweightvolunteerswithbloodpressureproblemswereaskedtositcontinuouslyduringaneight-hourworkdaywhiletheirbloodpressurewasmonitored.Thereadingswere,asexpected,unhealthy.

Butwhen,duringanotherworkday,thosevolunteersstoodupeveryhourforatleast10minutes,theirbloodpressurereadingsimprovedsubstantially.Thereadingswereevenbetterwhen,onadditionalworkdays,thevolunteersstrolledatapokey1-mile-per-hourpaceattreadmilldesksforatleast10minuteseveryhourorpedaledunder-deskexercisebikesforthesamenumberofminuteseveryhour.

“Exerciseintensitydoesnotappeartoplayanysignificantrole”inhelpingpeoplecontrolbloodpressure,Dr.Gaessersays.Movementiswhatmatters.Sogoforastrollafewtimesduringthedayorsimplystandupmoreoftentodevelophealthierbloodpressure.

【答案】【參考譯文】

控制血壓的最佳鍛煉方式是什么?任何鍛煉都好,幾乎所有運動對控制血壓都非常有效,比如步行、騎車或是輕的負重練習(xí),全天式的鍛煉會讓減壓效果更好。

亞利桑那州立大學(xué)健康生活方式研究中心的主任格林?蓋瑟爾是位鍛煉與高血壓方面的專家,他認為“哪怕站著也會有幫助?!卞憻捊档脱獕旱脑?,主要是因為運動可以改善血管硬度使得血流更加通暢。這樣的效果在鍛煉中和鍛煉后都會馬上顯現(xiàn),因而在剛剛運動完其降壓效果尤其明顯。結(jié)論就是最好的對抗高血壓的方式,是類似少食多餐那樣進行少量多次的運動。

在蓋瑟爾2012年發(fā)表的一篇報告中,他建議將一天運動量均分為3個時長為10分鐘的步行,這樣比一次步行30分鐘相比可以更好預(yù)防血壓出現(xiàn)峰值,血壓峰值出現(xiàn)往往意味著控壓惡化。甚至說如果10分鐘步行聽著都有些嚇人的話,那就多站站。蓋瑟爾博士主導(dǎo)過另一項研究并將成果于8月出版,研究要求一些超重并有高血壓問題的志愿者在8小時的工作日里一直坐在座位上,同時監(jiān)測其血壓,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)血壓讀數(shù)如預(yù)料的一樣非常不健康。

但在另一個工作日,當(dāng)要求這些志愿者每小時至少站立10分鐘后,他們的血壓讀數(shù)顯著改善。接著在另外一個工作日,這些志愿者需要每小時用帶跑步機的書桌慢速走10分鐘(配速為每小時1英里/1.6公里),或者用桌下型蹬車器每小時練習(xí)10分鐘,鍛煉后的血壓讀數(shù)改善得更為顯著。

蓋瑟爾博士稱就輔助人們控制血壓方面來說,“鍛煉強度起不到什么作用?!边\動起來才是關(guān)鍵。所以每天多走幾步或多站幾次來打造健康血壓吧。

10.單選題

Hewasmeticulousincheckinghisaccounts.

問題1選項

A.extremelyslow

B.incrediblyquick

C.excessivelycareful

D.unbelievablycare

【答案】C

【解析】meticulous意為一絲不茍的,小心翼翼的。選項C與之意思相近。

11.單選題

Withoutfacts,wecannotformaworthwhileopinionforweneedtohavefactualknowledge___ourthinking.

問題1選項

A.whichtobebasedon

B.whichtobaseupon

C.uponwhichtobase

D.towhichtobebased

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞不定式短語作定語。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知wecan’tformaworthwhileopinion是主句,forweneedtohavefactualknowledge___ourthinking是原因狀語從句,在這個從句中___ourthinking是knowledge的定語,展開后半截應(yīng)該是tobaseourthinkinguponfactualknowledge,是主句中的we主動的發(fā)出base這個動作,所以不能使用被動語態(tài),排除A,D選項;動詞不定式短語作定語時要加上which完善結(jié)構(gòu)(但是并非從句)且和base這個動作搭配的介詞upon需要放在which之前,排除B選項。句意:沒有事實,我們就不能形成有價值的觀點,因為我們需要事實知識來作為我們思考的基礎(chǔ)。因此C選項正確。

12.單選題

Designatingthisbook(HandbookofPersonalityPsychology)a“handbook”isatonceaccurateandpossiblyunfortunate.Handbooksarefrequentlyratherdrearyaffairs,occasionallyusefulassourcesandforcitationbutscarcelyworthreading.

Infact,thisbookishighlyinterestingandreadable,comprehensiveandauthoritative.Thedomainofpersonalityiscoveredalmostcompletely,andthematerialisquiteuptodate.Thisbookisnotacollectionofpreviouslypublishedoronlyslightlyreworkedpapers.Itgivesclearindicationofthecarefulthoughttheeditorsgavetoitsplanningandtheirfirmcontroloveritswriting.Tobeginwith,itiswhollyrefreshingtohaveacomprehensiveworkonpersonalitythatpaysnoparticularattentiontotheoriesofpersonality.TherearenochaptersinthisvolumetoreviewwhatFreudsaidorAdlerorRogersorBanduraoranyoneelse.TheoristssuchasFreudarementionedwhentheirviewsarerelevanttotopicsunderdiscussion,but,blessedly,nosummariesofthemajortheoriesareincluded.Instead,heeditorspresentacomprehensiveandcoherentviewofthefieldofpersonalitytoday.

Theworkispresentedineightsectionsthatdealinessencewithwhatpersonalityis,howitisstudied,howitdevelopsitsbiologicalandsocialdeterminants,howpersonalityworks,andwhatitisusefulfor.Thereare36chaptersextendingnearlyathousandpages.Theeditorschosespecificauthorsforeachofthechapters;theychosewellandtheywereremarkablysuccessfulingettingtheparticipationofauthoritativescientistswhogenerallywritequitewell.

Thehandbooklendsitselfwelltoitsfunctionasaresourcevolume.Itsonlyobviousdeficiencyisthelackofanameindex,whichinthesedaysofinformationprocessorsshouldhavebeenpossibleatmodestcost.

Manyyearsago,Igaveupteachingatheories-of-personalitycoursebecausethedominanttextbookwassothoroughandwelldonethatitleftmewithverylittletodointheclassroom.Thishandbookwould,Ithink,beasplendidtextbook,despitethethoroughnessofitscoverage,becauseitleavestheinstructorwiththechallengingbutengagingtaskofintegratingthematerial,whichwouldprovideanopeningforanyinstructorwithaparticulartheoreticalpassion,butmanyotherroutestointegrationarepossible.

1.ForTheHandbookofPersonalityPsychology,thetitleof“handbook”maybeunfortunatebecausehandbooks(

).

2.Theauthorlikesthishandbookpartlybecauseitdoesnot

).

3.ThebooktalksaboutFreudonlywhen

).

4.Accordingtotheauthor,theeditorsofthebookare

).

5.Aproblemwiththishandbookisthat

).

6.Withrespecttobeinganaidtoteachingpersonalitytheories,theauthorthinksthatthebook(

).

問題1選項

A.aredifficulttocompile

B.areoftenconsideredboring

C.canbecomeoutdatedsoon

D.canmissalotofimportantinformation

問題2選項

A.focusontheoriesofpersonality

B.relatetopreviouspsychologists

C.discussresearchonpersonality

D.dealwithwhatisbeyondpsychology

問題3選項

A.histheoriesarecomparedwithothers

B.hiscontemporariesarementioned

C.thediscussionconcernshisideas

D.majorpersonalitytheoriesareinconflict

問題4選項

A.particularaboutthestructureofthebook

B.reservedinpresentingtheirownviews

C.defiantoftheauthorityinpsychology

D.successfulintheirmaterialselection

問題5選項

A.itiscostlytoaveragereaders

B.itispoorinideadevelopment

C.ithasnonameindex

D.ithastoomanychapters

問題6選項

A.leavesroomfortheinstructor’screativity

B.presentsachallengetocurrenttheories

C.containsthoroughknowledgeofpersonality

D.providesanintegratedsystemoftheories

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:C

第6題:A

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干信息,可將信息點定位至原文第一段,根據(jù)“Handbooksarefrequentlyratherdrearyaffairs,occasionallyusefulassourcesandforcitationbutscarcelyworthreading.(手冊常常是相當(dāng)枯燥無味的東西,偶爾也可用作資料來源和引證,但幾乎不值得一讀。)”即可得出本題答案。

2.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干信息,可將信息點定位至原文第二段,根據(jù)“Tobeginwith,itiswhollyrefreshingtohaveacomprehensiveworkonpersonalitythatpaysnoparticularattentiontotheoriesofpersonality.(首先,它是完全令人耳目一新,有一個全面的人格工作,不特別關(guān)注人格理論。)”,結(jié)合題干中的否定詞“doesnot...”,即可得出本題答案。

3.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干信息,可將信息點定位至原文第二段倒數(shù)第二句,“TheoristssuchasFreudarementionedwhentheirviewsarerelevanttotopicsunderdiscussion,but,blessedly,nosummariesofthemajortheoriesareincluded.(像弗洛伊德這樣的理論家,當(dāng)他們的觀點與正在討論的話題相關(guān)時,會被提及,但幸運的是,沒有包括對主要理論的總結(jié)。)”從而得出本題答案。

4.細節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)題干信息,可將信息點定位至原文第三段,根據(jù)“theychosewellandtheywereremarkablysuccessfulingettingtheparticipationofauthoritativescientists...(他們選擇得很好,而且非常成功地獲得了權(quán)威科學(xué)家的參與)”即可推斷得出本題答案。

5.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干信息,可將信息點定位至原文第四段,根據(jù)“Itsonlyobviousdeficiencyisthelackofanameindex(它唯一明顯的不足是缺少名稱索引)”,即可得出本題答案。

6.細節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)題干信息,可將信息點定位至原文最后一段。根據(jù)“Thishandbookwould,Ithink,beasplendidtextbook,despitethethoroughnessofitscoverage,becauseitleavestheinstructorwiththechallengingbutengagingtaskofintegratingthematerial,whichwouldprovideanopeningforanyinstructorwitha

particulartheoreticalpassion,…”即可進行合理推斷,從而得出本題答案。

13.單選題

Thischildwassoobstinatethatherefusedtoadmittohismistakes.

問題1選項

A.obsessive

B.furious

C.stubborn

D.rebellious

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項obsessive“強迫性的”;B選項furious“狂怒的”;C選項stubborn“頑固的”;D選項rebellious“叛逆的”。句意:這孩子太固執(zhí)了,拒不承認自己的錯誤。劃線部分obstinate是固執(zhí)的意思。因此C選項正確。

14.單選題

Theymayoftenhaveto()socialeveningsandholidaysbecauseoftheirbusywork.

問題1選項

A.forgo

B.forfeit

C.abandon

D.forgive

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。forgo“放棄;停止;斷念”;forfeit“(因犯罪、失職、違約等)喪失(權(quán)利、名譽、生命等)”;abandon“遺棄;放棄”;forgive“原諒”。句意:由于忙碌的工作他們不得不放棄社交晚宴和假期。由becauseoftheirbusywork可知他們放棄了社交晚宴和假期,故A項正確。

15.翻譯題

Itwasableak,rainyday,andIhadnodesiretodriveupthewindingmountainroadtomydaughterCarolyn’shouse.ButshehadinsistedthatIcomeandseesomethingatthetopofthemountain.

Turningdownanarrowtrack,weparkedthecarandgotout.Wewalkedalongapaththatwasthickwitholdpineneedles.Hugeblackgreenevergreenstoweredover.Graduallythepeaceandsilenceoftheplacebegantofillmymind.Thenweturnedacorner—andIstoppedandgaspedinamazement.

Fromthetopofthemountain,slopingforseveralacresacrossfoldsandvalleyswereriversofdaffodilsinradiantbloom.Aprofusionofcolor—fromthepalestivorytothedeepestlemontothemostvividsalmon—blazedlikeacarpetbeforeus.Itlookedasthoughthesunhadtippedoverandspilledgolddownthemountainside.

Ariotofquestionsfilledmymind.Whocreatedsuchbeauty?Why?How?

Asweapproachedthehomethatstoodinthecenteroftheproperty,wesawasign:ANSWERSTOTHEQUESTIONSIKNOWYOUAREASKING.Thefirstanswerwas:ONEWOMAN—TWOHANDS,TWOFEETANDVERYLITTLEBRAIN.Thesecondwas:ONEATATIME.Thethird:STARTEDIN1958.

Aswedrovehome,IwassomovedbywhatwehadseenthatIcouldscarcelyspeak.“Shechangedtheworld,”Ifinallysaid,“onebulbatatime.Shestartedalmost40yearsago,probablyjustthebeginningofanidea,butshekeptatit.”Thewonderofitwouldnotletmego.“Imagine,”Isaid,“ifI’dhadavisionandworkedatit,justalittlebiteveryday,whatmighthaveIaccomplished?”

【答案】【參考譯文】凄風(fēng)細雨,山路蜿蜒,我毫無興致驅(qū)車前往女兒卡羅琳的家。可女兒一定要我前去看看山頂上的景致。

轉(zhuǎn)過一條狹窄的小道我們停下車出來,沿著鋪滿厚厚一層松針的小路走去。頭頂上高大的墨綠色常青樹聳入云霄。漸漸地這地方的平和寧靜開始令我陶醉。然后我們拐了個彎,我停下了腳步,驚詫不已。

從山頂往下好幾英畝的山坡上,滿是怒放的水仙花,猶如江河直下,越過山坳,穿過峽谷,一片五彩繽紛:有潔凈無比的象牙白,有極其濃郁的檸檬黃,有鮮艷奪目的鮭魚橙,如同一幅地毯展現(xiàn)在我們而前,令人眼花繚亂。仿佛太陽傾翻了,把一片金光溢瀉到了山坡上。

一大堆問題在我的腦海中翻騰。誰創(chuàng)造了這種美景?為什么要創(chuàng)造?又是如何創(chuàng)造的?

我們走近這塊寶地中央的屋子,只見一塊牌子上寫著:我知道你要問的問題,答案如下。答案一:一位婦女,一雙手,兩只腳,而且天資不高。答案二:一次種一株。答案三:開始于1958年。

驅(qū)車回家的路上,我為所見的一切感動不已,無言以對?!八脑炝耸澜?,”我終于說道?!耙淮畏N一株。她幾乎40年前就開始了。當(dāng)時也許只是一念之閃,但她持之以恒?!边@一奇觀令我回味良久?!霸囅?,”我說道,“如果我有一個夢想,并為之努力,每天干一點,最后我會做出怎樣的成績呢?”

16.單選題

Somemineralsarequitecommon,othersareregionally(

),andstillothersarerareontheearth.

問題1選項

A.attributed

B.distributed

C.contributed

D.scattered

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。attribute“認為······是;把······歸于”;distribute“分配,散發(fā)”;contribute“貢獻”;scatter“分散,散開”。句意:有些礦藏很常見,有些則是區(qū)域性分布,還有些是地球上罕見的。選項B符合題意。

17.單選題

Theyarealsocontactingthemilitarytoaidinthe______ofthecallingcardsandcellphones.

問題1選項

A.attribution

B.distribution

C.contribution

D.tuition

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項attribution“歸因,屬性”,B項distribution“分布,分配”,C項contribution“貢獻”,D項tuition“學(xué)費,講授”。根據(jù)句子意思“他們還聯(lián)系了軍方,幫助……電話卡和手機”可知,A、D選項不符合語境;inthedistributionof表示“在……方面分配/分發(fā)”符合句子語義。句意:他們還與軍方聯(lián)系,幫助分發(fā)電話卡和手機。因此,該題選擇B項正確。

18.單選題

Themostelaborateofallbirdnests______,domedcommunalstructurebuiltbysocialweaverbirds.

問題1選項

A.larger

B.isthelarge

C.thelarge

D.largelyis

【答案】B

【解析】考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)。根據(jù)句子可知這是一個主系表結(jié)構(gòu),句子中缺少系動詞和后面的名詞詞組構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。A項和C項缺少系動詞,D項作表語的名詞structure前面缺少定冠詞the。句意:所有鳥巢中最精致的是群居織鳥建造的大型圓頂公共結(jié)構(gòu)。因此只有B項正確。

19.單選題

Themayorisawomanwithgreat()andthereforedeservesourpoliticalandfinancialassistance.

問題1選項

A.integrity

B.instinct

C.i

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