語法總復(fù)習(xí)-不定式to-do-用法歸納一(公開課課件)

動(dòng)詞不定式todo否定式：nottodo動(dòng)詞不定式todo否定式：nottodo1分析下面的不定式在句子中作什么成分1Toseeistobelieve.2Yourtaskistocleantheclassroom.3Iexpectyoutogivemesomehelp.4Shewasverybusyandhadnotime

tovisitherfriends.5Hespokeloudly(soas/inorder)

tobeheard.主語賓語表語賓補(bǔ)定語狀語歸納：todo在句子中可做：主、賓、表、補(bǔ)、定、狀分析下面的不定式在句子中作什么成分1Toseeis2不定式（一）學(xué)習(xí)下面句子，歸納用法。1.Todomorningexercisesisusefulforourhealth.2.Tocatchthe5:00busearlyinthemorningisnotagoodidea.3.It’simportantforustolearnEnglishwell.4.Itisnotagoodideatocatchthe5：00busearlyinthemorning.歸納：不定式作主語，表示具體的某次動(dòng)作。若不定式結(jié)構(gòu)比較復(fù)雜，常用it作形式主語，真正的主語放在句子的后面。高考鏈接(1)(真題改編·山東)It'sstandardpracticeforacompanylikethisone________(employ)asecurityofficer.toemploy不定式（一）學(xué)習(xí)下面句子，歸納用法。toemploy3（二）學(xué)習(xí)下面句子，歸納用法。1.Hisdreamistobeadoctor.2.Myworkistocleantheroomeveryday.3.Mywishistobecomeateacher．歸納：不定式作表語，表示將來的情況，說明主語的內(nèi)容。其主語常常是wish,idea,task,purpose,duty,job等表示意向、打算、計(jì)劃的詞。練習(xí)：Yourjobtodayis________(clean)theplayground.toclean（二）學(xué)習(xí)下面句子，歸納用法。toclean4（三）學(xué)習(xí)下面句子，歸納用法。1.Thedriverfailedtoseetheothercarintime.2.Hecan'taffordtobuytheexpensivecar.3.Ithinkitusefultolearnaforeignlanguage.4.Ifeelitmydutytosaythatyouarewrong.歸納：1.不定式作賓語，常跟在某些動(dòng)詞后。不定式作賓語動(dòng)詞口訣決心學(xué)會(huì)選計(jì)劃，拒絕答應(yīng)想假裝；主動(dòng)設(shè)法愿希望，同意請(qǐng)求幫一幫；準(zhǔn)備威脅易聲稱，渴望申請(qǐng)敗躊躇。其對(duì)應(yīng)的動(dòng)詞分別為：decide/determine,learn,choose,plan,refuse,promise,want/attempt,pretend,offer,manage,expect/wish/hope,agree,ask/beg,help,prepare,threaten,tend,claim,desire/long,apply,fail,hesitate。固定搭配（三）學(xué)習(xí)下面句子，歸納用法。固定搭配52.若不定式結(jié)構(gòu)比較復(fù)雜，通常用it作形式賓語，真正的主語放在句子的后面，該用法常見的動(dòng)詞有think,find,make,believe,consider,suppose,feel等。It形式賓語結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+謂語+it+adj./n.+todosth2.若不定式結(jié)構(gòu)比較復(fù)雜，通常用it作形式賓語，真正的63.一些動(dòng)詞既可跟動(dòng)名詞又可跟不定式作賓語，但是兩種情況下的語義不同。remembertodosth.記住要做某事rememberdoingsth.記得做過某事forgettodosth.忘記要做某事forgetdoingsth.忘記做過某事regrettodosth.對(duì)將要做的事抱歉regretdoingsth.對(duì)發(fā)生過的事后悔trytodosth.設(shè)法……，試圖……trydoingsth.試試看，試一試meantodosth.打算做……meandoingsth.意味著stoptodosth.停下來做另一件事stopdoingsth.停止做某件事3.一些動(dòng)詞既可跟動(dòng)名詞又可跟不定式作賓語，但是兩種情況下7(補(bǔ)充)接doing形式的動(dòng)詞及短語1.動(dòng)名詞作賓語：

finishdoingsth.完成做某事；enjoydoingsth.喜歡做某事；practicedoingsth.練習(xí)做某事；imaginedoing,想象做某事；avoiddoingsth.避免做某事；considerdoingsth.考慮做某事；suggestdoingsth.建議做某事；minddoingsth.介意做某事；keepdoingsth.持續(xù)做某事2.固定短語：feellikedoingsth.喜歡做某事；bebusydoingsth.忙于做某事；beworthdoing值得做某事；havefundoing.做某事高興spend…(in)doingsth.花費(fèi)（時(shí)間、金錢）做某事；havedifficulties/trouble/problems（in）doingsth做某事有困難；(補(bǔ)充)接doing形式的動(dòng)詞及短語8練習(xí)：1.Shehadagreed________(go)andseeamoviewithhim.2.Themandownstairsfounditdifficult___________(get)tosleep.3.—I'msorry,butIdidn'tmean________outyoursecret.—Butyouknow,lettingoutone'ssecretmeans________one'sfeelings.A．tolet;tohurtB．letting;hurtingC．tolet;hurting D．letting;tohurttogotogetC練習(xí)：togotogetC9（四）學(xué)習(xí)下面句子，歸納用法。1.Theytoldhimnottobelateagain.2.Theparentsdon'tallowtheirchildrentogooutatnight.3.Sheinvitedmetohavedinnerwithheryesterday．歸納1：不定式在某些動(dòng)詞后作賓補(bǔ)要保留to,如例1、2、3。常見動(dòng)詞有tell,advise,allow,ask,expect,force,want,teach,wish,persuade等?！救纾篴sksbtodo】（四）學(xué)習(xí)下面句子，歸納用法。歸納1：104.Iheardhersingtoday．Shesangwonderfully．5.Shewasheard

tosingtoday．6.Isawhimentertheroom.7.Hewasseen

toentertheroom.8.Don’tmakethechildrendosuchheavywork.9.Theworkersweremade

towork10hoursaday.歸納2：不定式在感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞后作賓補(bǔ)要省略to,和賓語是主謂關(guān)系，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的全過程，如例句4、6、8；但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，to不能省略，如例句5、7、9。常見動(dòng)詞有feel（一感），listento，hear（二聽），let，make，have（三讓），lookat，see，watch，notice（四看）。【主動(dòng)無to，被動(dòng)有to】4.Iheardhersingtoday．She11練習(xí)：1.Theyweremade______(work)thewholenight.2.Ihaveheardhim________(speak)

aboutyouoften.3.Idecided________(write)ratherthantotelephone.4.Myfathergotme________(wash)alltheclotheslastnight.5.Thechildrenwereseen________(run)downthestreet.6.Ourteacheradvisesus________(read)aloudeveryday.7.Thecatwatchedthemouse________(slide)intothehousebutdidnothing.

speaktoworktowritetowashtoruntoreadslide練習(xí)：speaktoworktowritetowas12（五）學(xué)習(xí)下面句子，歸納用法。1.Letusgivehimsomethingtoeat.2.Wehavemuchhomeworktodotonight.3.AreyougoingtoattendthemeetingtobeheldnextMonday?4.ShewasthefirstwomantowinthegoldmedalintheOlympicGames.5.DoyouhavetheabilitytoreadandwriteinEnglish?6.Ihavenochancetogosightseeing.歸納：1.不定式作定語常放在名詞或不定代詞后面作后置定語，表示尚未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。2.名詞前有first,last,next,only等詞以及最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)，其后要用不定式。3.抽象名詞attempt,ability,chance,desire,determination,decision,plan,way或不定代詞something,nothing等后面常用不定式作后置定語，（五）學(xué)習(xí)下面句子，歸納用法。13練習(xí)1.Theairport________(complete)nextyearwillhelppromotetourisminthisarea.2.Doyouhaveanything__________(do)tonight?tobecompletdtodo練習(xí)tobecompletdtodo14（五）學(xué)習(xí)下面句子，歸納用法。1.Toseedistantpeopleclearly,hehastowearglasses.2.Theytookmeawayfrommyworkjusttoaskmesomequestions.3.Whathashedonetomakeyousohappy?4.Theboyisoldenoughtogotoschool.5.Shewasnotsostupidtodothat.6.Iworkedhardonlytofailatlast.7.ThereisnodoubtthatMrs.Liwillbegladtolookaftertheboy.歸納：動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語可表示目的、原因及結(jié)果等。作目的狀語。通常放在句末；為了強(qiáng)調(diào)目的或意義，也可放在句首；作結(jié)果狀語，可用于enoughto,so...asto,such...asto,onlyto...以及too...to等結(jié)構(gòu)中。（五）學(xué)習(xí)下面句子，歸納用法。15練習(xí)：1.________(catch)theearlyflight，weorderedataxiinadvanceandgotupveryearly.2.________(workout)thedifficultmathsproblem,IhaveconsultedProfessorRussellseveraltimes.3.________(learn)moreaboutChineseculture,JackhasdecidedtotakeChinesefolkmusicasanelectivecourse.4.Anxiously,shetookthedressoutofthepackageandtriediton,only________(find)itdidn'tfit.5.Hisfatherpassedaway,only_______(leave)himalittlemoney.6.Sheistooweak________（join）tojoinusintheouting.TocatchToworkoutTolearntofindleavingtojoin練習(xí)：TocatchToworkoutTolearn16三、不定式和疑問詞連用1.Whentostarthasnotbeendecided.2.Thequestionishowtodothejobwell.3.Hetoldmewheretofindthebook.歸納：疑問詞“what,how,when,where,which＋動(dòng)詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)可作主語、表語和賓語等。高考鏈接1.—It'snousehavingideasonly.—Don'tworry.Petercanshowyou________toturnanideaintoanact.how三、不定式和疑問詞連用how17一般式表示動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生或在謂語動(dòng)詞后面發(fā)生，進(jìn)行式表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，完成式表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞之前。否定式：nottodo主動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)一般式todotobedone完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone進(jìn)行式tobedoing

一般式表示動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生或在謂語動(dòng)詞后面發(fā)生，進(jìn)18五熟記三種結(jié)構(gòu)1.Theyhadnochoicebuttomove.2.Hecoulddonothingbutwaitforthebus.3.IthurtsomuchthatIcouldn'thelpbutcryoutinpain.

歸納：1.havenochoicebuttodo沒有選擇，只能做..2.can/coulddonothingbutdo不得不做…3.can’t/couldn’t\helpbutdo不得不做…比較can’thelpdoing忍不住做…五熟記三種結(jié)構(gòu)19不定式鞏固練習(xí)一1.totake,toimprove2.tohaveheard3.tobelaughedat4.Tosucceed5.inviting,togive6.toknow三ABADACAABCDBCBA不定式鞏固練習(xí)20找出課文中含有動(dòng)詞不定式的句子Unfortunately,thedoctorsdon’tknowhowtomakemebetter,butIamveryoutgoingandhavelearnedtoadapttomydisability.2.Iusedtoclimbtrees,swimandplayfootball.3.ThenIstartedtogetweakerandweaker.4.Evenafterallthat,noonecouldgivemydiseaseanameanditisdifficulttoknowwhatthefutureholds.5.Sometimes,too,Iwastooweaktogoto

schoolsomyeducationsuffered.找出課文中含有動(dòng)詞不定式的句子Unfortunately,216.Myambitionistowork

forafirm

thatdevelopscomputersoftwarewhenIgrowup.7.LastyearIinvented…andabigcompanyhasdecidedtobuyitfromme.8.Ialsohavetodoalotofwork,especiallyifIhavebeenawayforawhile.9.Justacceptthemforwhotheyare,andgivethemencouragementtoliveasrichandfullalifeasyoudo.6.Myambitionistoworkfor22動(dòng)詞不定式todo否定式：nottodo動(dòng)詞不定式todo否定式：nottodo23分析下面的不定式在句子中作什么成分1Toseeistobelieve.2Yourtaskistocleantheclassroom.3Iexpectyoutogivemesomehelp.4Shewasverybusyandhadnotime

tovisitherfriends.5Hespokeloudly(soas/inorder)

tobeheard.主語賓語表語賓補(bǔ)定語狀語歸納：todo在句子中可做：主、賓、表、補(bǔ)、定、狀分析下面的不定式在句子中作什么成分1Toseeis24不定式（一）學(xué)習(xí)下面句子，歸納用法。1.Todomorningexercisesisusefulforourhealth.2.Tocatchthe5:00busearlyinthemorningisnotagoodidea.3.It’simportantforustolearnEnglishwell.4.Itisnotagoodideatocatchthe5：00busearlyinthemorning.歸納：不定式作主語，表示具體的某次動(dòng)作。若不定式結(jié)構(gòu)比較復(fù)雜，常用it作形式主語，真正的主語放在句子的后面。高考鏈接(1)(真題改編·山東)It'sstandardpracticeforacompanylikethisone________(employ)asecurityofficer.toemploy不定式（一）學(xué)習(xí)下面句子，歸納用法。toemploy25（二）學(xué)習(xí)下面句子，歸納用法。1.Hisdreamistobeadoctor.2.Myworkistocleantheroomeveryday.3.Mywishistobecomeateacher．歸納：不定式作表語，表示將來的情況，說明主語的內(nèi)容。其主語常常是wish,idea,task,purpose,duty,job等表示意向、打算、計(jì)劃的詞。練習(xí)：Yourjobtodayis________(clean)theplayground.toclean（二）學(xué)習(xí)下面句子，歸納用法。toclean26（三）學(xué)習(xí)下面句子，歸納用法。1.Thedriverfailedtoseetheothercarintime.2.Hecan'taffordtobuytheexpensivecar.3.Ithinkitusefultolearnaforeignlanguage.4.Ifeelitmydutytosaythatyouarewrong.歸納：1.不定式作賓語，常跟在某些動(dòng)詞后。不定式作賓語動(dòng)詞口訣決心學(xué)會(huì)選計(jì)劃，拒絕答應(yīng)想假裝；主動(dòng)設(shè)法愿希望，同意請(qǐng)求幫一幫；準(zhǔn)備威脅易聲稱，渴望申請(qǐng)敗躊躇。其對(duì)應(yīng)的動(dòng)詞分別為：decide/determine,learn,choose,plan,refuse,promise,want/attempt,pretend,offer,manage,expect/wish/hope,agree,ask/beg,help,prepare,threaten,tend,claim,desire/long,apply,fail,hesitate。固定搭配（三）學(xué)習(xí)下面句子，歸納用法。固定搭配272.若不定式結(jié)構(gòu)比較復(fù)雜，通常用it作形式賓語，真正的主語放在句子的后面，該用法常見的動(dòng)詞有think,find,make,believe,consider,suppose,feel等。It形式賓語結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+謂語+it+adj./n.+todosth2.若不定式結(jié)構(gòu)比較復(fù)雜，通常用it作形式賓語，真正的283.一些動(dòng)詞既可跟動(dòng)名詞又可跟不定式作賓語，但是兩種情況下的語義不同。remembertodosth.記住要做某事rememberdoingsth.記得做過某事forgettodosth.忘記要做某事forgetdoingsth.忘記做過某事regrettodosth.對(duì)將要做的事抱歉regretdoingsth.對(duì)發(fā)生過的事后悔trytodosth.設(shè)法……，試圖……trydoingsth.試試看，試一試meantodosth.打算做……meandoingsth.意味著stoptodosth.停下來做另一件事stopdoingsth.停止做某件事3.一些動(dòng)詞既可跟動(dòng)名詞又可跟不定式作賓語，但是兩種情況下29(補(bǔ)充)接doing形式的動(dòng)詞及短語1.動(dòng)名詞作賓語：

finishdoingsth.完成做某事；enjoydoingsth.喜歡做某事；practicedoingsth.練習(xí)做某事；imaginedoing,想象做某事；avoiddoingsth.避免做某事；considerdoingsth.考慮做某事；suggestdoingsth.建議做某事；minddoingsth.介意做某事；keepdoingsth.持續(xù)做某事2.固定短語：feellikedoingsth.喜歡做某事；bebusydoingsth.忙于做某事；beworthdoing值得做某事；havefundoing.做某事高興spend…(in)doingsth.花費(fèi)（時(shí)間、金錢）做某事；havedifficulties/trouble/problems（in）doingsth做某事有困難；(補(bǔ)充)接doing形式的動(dòng)詞及短語30練習(xí)：1.Shehadagreed________(go)andseeamoviewithhim.2.Themandownstairsfounditdifficult___________(get)tosleep.3.—I'msorry,butIdidn'tmean________outyoursecret.—Butyouknow,lettingoutone'ssecretmeans________one'sfeelings.A．tolet;tohurtB．letting;hurtingC．tolet;hurting D．letting;tohurttogotogetC練習(xí)：togotogetC31（四）學(xué)習(xí)下面句子，歸納用法。1.Theytoldhimnottobelateagain.2.Theparentsdon'tallowtheirchildrentogooutatnight.3.Sheinvitedmetohavedinnerwithheryesterday．歸納1：不定式在某些動(dòng)詞后作賓補(bǔ)要保留to,如例1、2、3。常見動(dòng)詞有tell,advise,allow,ask,expect,force,want,teach,wish,persuade等。【如：asksbtodo】（四）學(xué)習(xí)下面句子，歸納用法。歸納1：324.Iheardhersingtoday．Shesangwonderfully．5.Shewasheard

tosingtoday．6.Isawhimentertheroom.7.Hewasseen

toentertheroom.8.Don’tmakethechildrendosuchheavywork.9.Theworkersweremade

towork10hoursaday.歸納2：不定式在感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞后作賓補(bǔ)要省略to,和賓語是主謂關(guān)系，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的全過程，如例句4、6、8；但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，to不能省略，如例句5、7、9。常見動(dòng)詞有feel（一感），listento，hear（二聽），let，make，have（三讓），lookat，see，watch，notice（四看）。【主動(dòng)無to，被動(dòng)有to】4.Iheardhersingtoday．She33練習(xí)：1.Theyweremade______(work)thewholenight.2.Ihaveheardhim________(speak)

aboutyouoften.3.Idecided________(write)ratherthantotelephone.4.Myfathergotme________(wash)alltheclotheslastnight.5.Thechildrenwereseen________(run)downthestreet.6.Ourteacheradvisesus________(read)aloudeveryday.7.Thecatwatchedthemouse________(slide)intothehousebutdidnothing.

speaktoworktowritetowashtoruntoreadslide練習(xí)：speaktoworktowritetowas34（五）學(xué)習(xí)下面句子，歸納用法。1.Letusgivehimsomethingtoeat.2.Wehavemuchhomeworktodotonight.3.AreyougoingtoattendthemeetingtobeheldnextMonday?4.ShewasthefirstwomantowinthegoldmedalintheOlympicGames.5.DoyouhavetheabilitytoreadandwriteinEnglish?6.Ihavenochancetogosightseeing.歸納：1.不定式作定語常放在名詞或不定代詞后面作后置定語，表示尚未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。2.名詞前有first,last,next,only等詞以及最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)，其后要用不定式。3.抽象名詞attempt,ability,chance,desire,determination,decision,plan,way或不定代詞something,nothing等后面常用不定式作后置定語，（五）學(xué)習(xí)下面句子，歸納用法。35練習(xí)1.Theairport________(complete)nextyearwillhelppromotetourisminthisarea.2.Doyouhaveanything__________(do)tonight?tobecompletdtodo練習(xí)tobecompletdtodo36（五）學(xué)習(xí)下面句子，歸納用法。1.Toseedistantpeopleclearly,hehastowearglasses.2.Theytookmeawayfrommyworkjusttoaskmesomequestions.3.Whathashedonetomakeyousohappy?4.Theboyisoldenoughtogotoschool.5.Shewasnotsostupidtodothat.6.Iworkedhardonlytofailatlast.7.ThereisnodoubtthatMrs.Liwillbegladtolookaftertheboy.歸納：動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語可表示目的、原因及結(jié)果等。作目的狀語。通常放在句末；為了強(qiáng)調(diào)目的或意義，也可放在句首；作結(jié)果狀語，可用于enoughto,so...asto,such...asto,onlyto...以及too...to等結(jié)構(gòu)中。（五）學(xué)習(xí)下面句子，歸納用法。37練習(xí)：1.________(catch)theearlyflight，weorderedataxiinadvanceandgotupveryearly.2.________(workout)thedifficultmathsproblem,IhaveconsultedProfessorRussellseveraltimes.3.________(learn)moreaboutChineseculture,JackhasdecidedtotakeChinesefolkmusicasanelectivecourse.4.Anxiously,shetookthedressoutofthepackageandtriediton,only________(find)itdidn'tfit.5.Hisfatherpassedaway,only_______(leave)himalittlemoney.6.Sheistooweak________（join）tojoinusintheouting.TocatchToworkoutTolearntofindleavingtojoin練習(xí)：TocatchToworkoutTolearn38三、不定式和疑問詞連用1.Whentostarthasnotbeendecided.2.Thequestionishowtodothejobwell.3.Hetoldmewheretofindthebook.歸納：疑問詞“what,how,when,where,which＋動(dòng)詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)可作主語、表語和賓語等。高考鏈接1.—It'snousehavingideasonly.—Don'tworry.