中考英語 簡單句的五種基本句型講解及練習題

PAGEPAGE5簡單句的五種基本句型講解及練習題一、句子成份英語句子成分有主語，謂語，賓語，賓語補足語，表語，定語，狀語等。順序一般是主語，謂語，賓語，賓語補足語，而表語，定語，狀語的位置要根據(jù)情況而定。1、主語：表示句子主要說明的人或事物，一般位于句首。但在therebe結構、疑問句（當主語不疑問詞時）和倒裝句中，主語位于謂語、助動詞或情態(tài)動詞后面。主語可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動名詞、名詞化的形容詞和主語從句等表示。例如：Countrymusichasbecomemoreandmore名詞）WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.（代詞）One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassare數(shù)詞Toswimintheriverisagreat）Smokingdoesharmtothe動名詞）Therichshouldhelpthe名詞化的形容詞）WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishteasnotbeendecided（主語從句）Itisnecessarytomasteraforeign）2、謂語：謂語說明主語的動作，狀態(tài)或特征?？梢杂胁煌臅r態(tài)，語態(tài)和語氣。Westudyforthepeople.復合謂語：IcanspeakalittleEnglish.Wearereadingbooks.HehasgonetoBeijing..3、表語:它位于系動詞(比如be)之后，說明主語身份，特征，屬性或狀態(tài)。Mysisterisanurse.Isityours?（代詞）Theweatherhasturnedcold.（形容詞）Thespeechisexciting.（分詞）Threetimessevenistwenty數(shù)詞HisjobistoteachEnglis（不定式）Hishobb（愛好isplayingfootbal（動名詞Therulermustbeinyourbox.（介詞短語）Timeis.Theclassis副詞）Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroa.d（表語從句）4、賓語:賓語表示動作行為的對象，跟在及物動詞之后，WelikeEnglish.Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.（數(shù)詞）Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.（名詞化形容詞）Itbegantorain.（不定式短語）Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusi.c（動名詞短語）Ithinthaheisfitforhisoffic.賓語從句）Hegavemesomeink.Wemakehimourmonitor(班長).5、賓補:就是賓語補足語，就是補充說明賓語的IseeyoucrossingthestreetHisfathernamedhimDongming.（名詞）Theypainted（涂漆）theirboatwhite.（形容詞）Letthefresh（新鮮的）airin.（副詞）Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismoneytoWesawherenteringtheroo.（現(xiàn)在分詞）

不定式短語）Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.（介詞短語）6名詞或代詞的成分叫定語。Heisanewstudent.之后。Thebikeintheroom/overthere/ismine.Guilinisabeautifulcity.（形容詞）Chinaisa發(fā)展中）country;Americaisa發(fā)達）country.（分詞）Therearethirtywomenteachersisour名詞）Hisprogress（進步）inEnglishmadeus代詞）Ourmonito（班長）isalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassro（不定式短語Heisreadinganabouthowtolearn介詞短語）7HelivesinLondon.Lighttravelsmostquickly.（副詞及副詞性詞組）Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.（介詞短語）Heissorrytotrouble(麻煩)you.（不定式短語）Heisintheroommakingamodelplan.分詞短語）Once（一旦0youbegin,youmustcontinue.（狀語從句）狀語種類如下：Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?（時間狀語）Lastnightshedidn’tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherai（原因狀語）Ishallgothereifitdoesn’trai（條件狀語）MrSmithlivesonthethirdfloo（地點狀語）Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.（方式狀語）Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhan.d（伴隨狀語）InordertocatchupwiththeothesImustworkharder（目的狀語）Hewassotiredthathefellasleep結果狀語）Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisol（讓步狀語Iamtallerthanhe比較狀語）一、指出下列句子劃線部分是什么句子成分：Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.Hehandedmethenewspaper.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.Hewantstofinishtheworkintime.Tomcametoaskmefor建議）.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress?Hesatthere,readinganewspaper.Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.Henoticed（注意到）amanentertheroom.Theapplestastedsweet.簡單句的五種基本句型換言之，絕大多數(shù)英語句子都是由這五個基本句式生成的。這五個基本句式如下：S十V主謂結構 主語＋不及物動詞S十V十P主系表結構 主語＋連系動詞＋表S十V十O主謂賓結構 主語＋及物動詞＋賓語S十V十O1十O2主謂雙賓結構SVOC判斷類型和句子成分：Shecame． ShelikesEnglish. SheisTheteacheraskedmetoreadthepassage. SheboughtabookforShegaveJohnaMyheadaches.ShemakeshermotherThesunwasshining. Themoonrose.Theytalkedforhalfanhour. 他們談了半個小時。Thedinnersmellsgood.午餐的氣味很好。 Everythinglooksdifferent.一切看來都不同了Heisgrowingtallandstrong.他長得又高又壯。 Hisfaceturnedred.他的臉紅了。Whoknowstheanswer? 誰知道答案？ Heenjoysreading.他喜歡看書Iwanttohaveacupoftea.我想喝杯茶Heboughtyouadictionary.Sheorderedherselfanewdress.她給自己定了一套新衣裳。Shecookedherhusbandadeliciousmeal.她給丈夫煮了一餐美饌。Ishowedhimmypictures. Igavemycarawash.我洗了我的汽車。Heshowedmehowtorunthemachine.他教我開機器。What makes him thinkso?他怎么會樣想？Thechildrenareplayinghappily. TheGreensenjoylivinginHebecameafamousdoctor. 他成為了一名著名的醫(yī)生。Theapplepietastesreallydelicious. 蘋果派吃起來真是好吃。基本句型一：SV這種句型中的動詞大多是不及物動詞appear,apologize,arrive,come,die,disappear,fall,happen,1).學生們學習很努力 基本句型二: S十V十P主系表結構常見的系動詞有是)；get(變),become(成),turn(變得),look(看起),feel(感),smell(聞起),taste(嘗起),sound(聽起),seem(似)look,seem,appear,smell,taste,sound,keep,remain,Weshould anytime. 我們在任何時候都應該保持安靜。這種食物嘗起來很糟糕.get,grow,turn,go,come,Springcomes.Itis Don'thavethefood. 基本句型三:SVO13)我昨天看了一部電影.16）Theyhave ofthe基本句型四:S十V十間接賓“人十直接賓“物結構 間接賓語前需要加to的常用動詞有：give,hand,lend,offer,pass,pay,read,sell,send,show,teach,tellwish,write等。間接賓語前需要加for的常用動詞有：buy,choose,make,order,paint,play(演奏)，sing,等。herfather asabirthday present. 天她父親給她買了一輛自行車作為生日禮物。Theoldman intheLong這種句型還可轉換為：動詞＋直接賓語＋for/tosb.Pleaseshowmeyourpicture.==Please . 請把你畫給我看一下。 I thesalt.=I thesalt . 我把書遞給他。SVOC主謂賓補結構叫,選,發(fā)現(xiàn)make,name,22）Keep,please.請讓孩子們安靜下來23）They painted 他們把門漆成綠色。Wemust . 我們必須保持我們的學校潔。 He asked me soon.他要我早點回來。我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他是一個懶惰的人.注意：動詞have,make,let,see,hear,notice,feel,watch等后面所接的動詞不定式作賓補時，不帶to。如：25）Theboss all(他出)。

(使他勞)We saw .考點突破訓練考點突破訓練1、Iamsorrytohavekeptyou AtowaitBwaitCwaitedDwaiting2、Ifeltsomebody meAtouch BtouchedCtotouchD3、Hetaughtme speakEnglishAhowshouldBhowChowcanIDhow4、Ishallmakeyourdream AcomingtrulyBcometrueCtocometrueDcomes5、Hetold homeAusnottogoBwenotgoCusnotgoDustonotgo6、Ithink agoodhabittogetupearlyAthisBit CthatDits7、Rosesinbloomsmell Asweeten Bsweetly Csweet Dsweetness( )1.Theweather .A.wetandcold B.iswetandcold C.notwetandcold D.werewetand( )2.Theappletasted .A.sweets B.sweetly C.nicely D.( )3.Hegotup yesterdaymorning.A.lately B.late C.latest D.latter( )4. wereallverytired,butnoneof wouldstoptotakearest.A.We,us B.Us,we C.We,our D.We,( )