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定語(yǔ)從句講解及在寫(xiě)作中的應(yīng)用定語(yǔ)從句講解及在寫(xiě)作中的應(yīng)用12定語(yǔ)從句一、定語(yǔ)從句概述Thestory

thatyouread

isTheRescue.你讀的故事叫《營(yíng)救》。

Thestory是“先行詞”,thatyouread是定語(yǔ)從句,that是關(guān)系代詞。

(一)概念2定語(yǔ)從句一、定語(yǔ)從句概述Thestorythat23定語(yǔ)從句(二)使用關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞當(dāng)引導(dǎo)詞在句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí),要用關(guān)系代詞;當(dāng)引導(dǎo)詞在句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),要用關(guān)系副詞。如:Thisisthepalacewhereheworks.(where狀語(yǔ)時(shí),等于inwhich)IoftenthinkofthedaysthatIspentinBrown’slastsummer.(that作spent的賓語(yǔ)=thedays)Hekeptthelaughingduringthetwohours(that)ittooktoflytoBeijing.(that作took的賓語(yǔ),等于twohours)3定語(yǔ)從句(二)使用關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞Thisis34定語(yǔ)從句(三)定語(yǔ)從句的分類(lèi)定語(yǔ)從句分為限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,如:

MybrotherwholivesinNewYorkhassixchildren.(限制性定語(yǔ)從句)

我住在紐約的那個(gè)兄弟有六個(gè)孩子。(我的兄弟不只一個(gè)。住在紐約的那位只是其中之一。)

Mybrother,wholivesinNewYork,hassixchildren.(非限制性定語(yǔ)從句)

我兄弟有六個(gè)孩子,他住在紐約。(我只有一個(gè)兄弟,且他住在紐約。)

4定語(yǔ)從句(三)定語(yǔ)從句的分類(lèi)定語(yǔ)從句分為限制性定語(yǔ)從45定語(yǔ)從句

Shehasfoundthenecklace(that)shelosttwoweeksago.

1、限制性定語(yǔ)從句限制性定語(yǔ)從句在意義上不可缺少的定語(yǔ),如果去掉,主句的意思就不完整或失去意義。這種從句和主句的關(guān)系十分密切,寫(xiě)時(shí)不用逗號(hào)分開(kāi),如:

Howdoyouapologizetoyourfriend

whosebikeyoulost?5定語(yǔ)從句Shehasfoundtheneck56定語(yǔ)從句

Helen,

whowassittingonmyleft,saidthatthismealwasthebestshehadeverhad.

2、非限制性定語(yǔ)從句和主句的關(guān)系不是十分密切,只是對(duì)先行詞作些附加的說(shuō)明,如果去掉,主句的意思仍然很清楚。這種從句和主句之間往往用逗號(hào)分開(kāi),一般不用that

引導(dǎo)。如:

Lijiang,

whereIwasborn,isverybeautiful.海倫坐在我的旁邊說(shuō)這時(shí)她吃過(guò)的最好的一頓飯。6定語(yǔ)從句Helen,whowassitting67定語(yǔ)從句(四)關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句1、關(guān)系代詞概述

關(guān)系代詞有who,whom,that,which,whose。當(dāng)先行詞指人時(shí)用who,whom,當(dāng)先行詞指物時(shí)用which;whose是who和which的所有格形式,表示“……的”,that既可指人,也可指物。這些關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ),作主語(yǔ)時(shí)關(guān)系代詞不可省略,作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略。7定語(yǔ)從句(四)關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句1、關(guān)系代詞概述78定語(yǔ)從句2、當(dāng)先行詞指人時(shí)使用who和whom,若在句中作主語(yǔ)用who;如果作賓語(yǔ)用whom,但在口語(yǔ)中,常用who代替whom,也可以省略。如:

TheforeignerwhovisitedourschoolyesterdayisfromCanada.(關(guān)系代詞who在從句中作主語(yǔ))

ThegirlwemetyesterdayisLiLei’ssister.(關(guān)系代詞who,whom或that在從句中作賓語(yǔ),已被省略)8定語(yǔ)從句2、當(dāng)先行詞指人時(shí)使用who和whom,若在句中作89定語(yǔ)從句3、當(dāng)先行詞指物時(shí),用which或that.

Theyplantedthetreeswhich/thatdon’tneedmuchwater.

Thefish(which)weboughtwerenotfresh.

MissSmithistheteacherwhosehousecaughtfirelastweek.4、whose引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,先行詞可是人也可是物,whose在從句中作定語(yǔ),其后必跟一個(gè)名詞。如:史密斯老師便是上周房子著火的那名老師。9定語(yǔ)從句3、當(dāng)先行詞指物時(shí),用which或that.910定語(yǔ)從句5、that先行詞既可指人又可指物,在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。如:

Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.

Let’saskthemanthatisreadingthebookoverthere.

(1)Theathletetowhomyoutalkedisafamousrunner.6、如果關(guān)系代詞作介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí),介詞的位置10定語(yǔ)從句5、that先行詞既可指人又可指物,在從句中作主1011定語(yǔ)從句(2)含有介詞的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般不拆開(kāi),介詞仍放在動(dòng)詞的后面。如:

Isthisthewatchwhich/thatheislookingfor?

Theoldmanwhom/whothenursesarelookingafterisverywellnow.11定語(yǔ)從句(2)含有介詞的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般不拆開(kāi),介詞仍放在動(dòng)1112定語(yǔ)從句(3)關(guān)系代詞whose也可以在從句中與它所修飾的名詞一起作介詞賓語(yǔ)。如:

Thebossinwhosecompanymyfatherworkedisaverykindperson.

IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?7、只用that作關(guān)系代詞的場(chǎng)合我父親工作的那個(gè)公司的老板是一個(gè)非常和善的人。

(1)被修飾的先行詞為不定代詞,如all,much,everything,anything,nothing,none,theone,something等時(shí),只能用that。如:12定語(yǔ)從句(3)關(guān)系代詞whose也可以在從句中與它所修飾1213定語(yǔ)從句(2)先行詞被only,very,just,last,oneof,all,no,little,few,any等詞修飾時(shí),只能用that。如:

TheonlythingthatIwanttodoistohavearest.

Hewasthefirstpersonthatpassedtheexam.(3)先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí),只用that。如:(4)先行詞是最高級(jí)或被最高級(jí)修飾時(shí),只用that。

Thisisthebestwaythatcansolvetheproblem.13定語(yǔ)從句(2)先行詞被only,very,just,1314定語(yǔ)從句(5)先行詞既有人也有物時(shí),只用that。如:

Thefilmstarandherfilmthatyouhavejusttalkedaboutarereallyveryfamous.

Hebroughttwocatsyesterday.NowIcanseethetwothatareplayinginthegarden.

(6)被修飾詞為數(shù)詞時(shí),只用that。如:

(7)如果兩個(gè)從句,其中一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞用which引導(dǎo),則另一個(gè)用that以避名重復(fù);如:

Hebuiltupafactorywhichproducedthings

thathadneverbeenseenbefore.14定語(yǔ)從句(5)先行詞既有人也有物時(shí),只用that。如:1415定語(yǔ)從句(8)主句是therebe結(jié)構(gòu),修飾其主語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)從句用that。如:

ThereisabookonthedeskthatbelongstoFrank.

Thisisthehouseofwhichthewindowsfacesouth.8、只用which作關(guān)系代詞的場(chǎng)合。(2)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句which可代先行詞或者前句,譯成“這一點(diǎn),這件事”。如:

Tomcameback,whichmadeushappy.(1)當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí),只用which。如:15定語(yǔ)從句(8)主句是therebe結(jié)構(gòu),修飾其主語(yǔ)的定1516定語(yǔ)從句(3)先行詞為that,時(shí),引導(dǎo)詞用which。如:

What’sthat

whichwasputinthecar?

LetmeshowyouthenovelthatIborrowedfromthelibrarywhichwasnewlyopentous.(4)一個(gè)句子中有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),為避免重復(fù),一個(gè)用that,另一個(gè)則用which。如:9、通常要用who代表人作關(guān)系代詞的場(chǎng)合。16定語(yǔ)從句(3)先行詞為that,時(shí),引導(dǎo)詞用which1617定語(yǔ)從句(1)當(dāng)先行詞是one,ones,anyone或those等,只用who。如:

Anyone

whodoesthat

mustbemad.

Thereisayoungmanwhowantstoseeyou.(2)用在therebe結(jié)構(gòu)中,主語(yǔ)指人時(shí),只用who。如:

Thosewhodaretobreakthelawwillbepunished.17定語(yǔ)從句(1)當(dāng)先行詞是one,ones,anyone或1718定語(yǔ)從句(3)當(dāng)先行詞是人,后面有較長(zhǎng)修飾語(yǔ)時(shí),只用who。如:

ThemanthatspokeatthemeetingisournewheadmasterwhohadjustcomefromShanghai.(4)為了避免重復(fù)或引起歧義,當(dāng)句子中有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句,一個(gè)用that時(shí),另一個(gè)用who。如:

ImetafriendofmineintheparkyesterdaywhohadgotthreegoldmedalsintheAsianGames.

那個(gè)在會(huì)上講話(huà)的人是我們的新校長(zhǎng),他來(lái)自上海。18定語(yǔ)從句(3)當(dāng)先行詞是人,后面有較長(zhǎng)修飾語(yǔ)時(shí),只用wh1819定語(yǔ)從句(5)當(dāng)先行詞是I,you,he,they等時(shí)(常用于諺語(yǔ)之中)。如:

Hewhoplayswithfiregetsburned.

Hewhodoesn’treachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.不到長(zhǎng)城非好漢。玩火自焚。19定語(yǔ)從句(5)當(dāng)先行詞是I,you,he,they等時(shí)(1920定語(yǔ)從句(五)關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系副詞有why,when,where,在定語(yǔ)從句中代替先行詞,作狀語(yǔ),不可省略,有時(shí)也可用“介詞+which”代替。

We’llneverforgetthehappytimewhenweworkedonthefarm.

IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.1、when指時(shí)間,在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。如:20定語(yǔ)從句(五)關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句We’lln2021定語(yǔ)從句

Thisisthehousewherewelivedlastyear.2、where指地點(diǎn),在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。如:

Thefactorywherehisfatherworksisinthewestofthecity.

3、why指原因,在定語(yǔ)從句中作原因狀語(yǔ),如:

Thereareseveralreasonswhywecan’tdothat.

Hecouldn’tgivetheteacheragoodreasonwhyhewaslateforschool.21定語(yǔ)從句Thisisthehousewhe2122定語(yǔ)從句*當(dāng)先行詞是way時(shí),引導(dǎo)詞通常用that/inwhich或不用任何引導(dǎo)詞如:

Thisistheway

(that/inwhich)hedidit.22定語(yǔ)從句*當(dāng)先行詞是way時(shí),引導(dǎo)詞通常用that/2223定語(yǔ)從句(八)定語(yǔ)從句的主謂一致

Therecorderthathasbeengiventomeishome-made.1、關(guān)系代詞作從句的主語(yǔ)時(shí),從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)的人稱(chēng)和數(shù)要與先行詞保持一致;先行詞是句子時(shí),從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式。如:I,whoamyourclassmate,willsharetheworkwithyou.23定語(yǔ)從句(八)定語(yǔ)從句的主謂一致Therecor2324定語(yǔ)從句

Heisoneofthestudentswhohavemadegreatprogress.2、“oneof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”位于關(guān)系代詞前作先行詞時(shí),從句的動(dòng)詞通常要用復(fù)數(shù);當(dāng)one前有the(only),the(very)等修飾時(shí),從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)。如:

MrWangistheonlyoneofmyfriendswhohasbeeninvitedtohavedinnerwithus.24定語(yǔ)從句Heisoneofthestude2425定語(yǔ)從句(九)as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

Iwantohavesuchadictionaryashehas.1、as用作關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)限定性定語(yǔ)從句,并在從句作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)等,構(gòu)成“thesame…as”,“such…as”等結(jié)構(gòu)。如:Ishalldoitinthesamewaywasasyoudid.(as作狀語(yǔ))Ilikethesamebookasyoudo.25定語(yǔ)從句(九)as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句Iwanto2526定語(yǔ)從句

Theexperimentisveryimportant,asindeeditis

.(as代表整個(gè)句子,作表語(yǔ))2、as引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句。as在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),這個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)明整個(gè)句子,可以放在主句之前。如:

Asisknowntoall,heisthebeststudentinourclass.(as代表整個(gè)句子,作主語(yǔ))

Asweallknow,hestudiesveryhard.(as代表整個(gè)句子,作賓語(yǔ))26定語(yǔ)從句Theexperimentisver2627定語(yǔ)從句常用這種類(lèi)似插入語(yǔ)的句式有asissaidabove(正如以上所說(shuō)),asalreadymentioned

above(正如上文所提及的那樣),asisknowntoall(正如我們所知道的那樣),asitis(按現(xiàn)在的樣子),asisoftenthecase(……是常有的事),asisreportedinthenewspaper(正如所報(bào))等。27定語(yǔ)從句常用這種類(lèi)似插入語(yǔ)的句式有asissaid2728定語(yǔ)從句注意:1、關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí),從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱(chēng)和數(shù)必須和先行詞保持一致。2、關(guān)系代詞whom,which,that在限制性語(yǔ)從句中作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)或介詞賓語(yǔ),而該介詞又位于從句末尾,經(jīng)常省略,但as一般不能省略。3、關(guān)系代詞which和as在定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別是:which不能放在句首,而as則可以;在句中時(shí),as有“正如”、“就像”之意,而which則沒(méi)有此意。

28定語(yǔ)從句注意:28PracticeoftheAttributiveclause

1.Aplaneisamachine___________canfly.

2.Thecar____________myuncleboughtlastweekwasstolen.

3.Theman_________iswalkingontheplaygroundismyoldfriend.

4.Thewoman_________yousawintheparkisourEnglishteacher.

which/that(which/that)who/that(who/that)PracticeoftheAttributivec29

5.Isawawoman_______bagwasstolen.

6.Thereason______hewaslatewasthathegotuplate.7.Istillremembertheday_______IfirstcametoBeijing.

8.Itisanimportantday________Iwillneverforget.

9.Thepark______theypaidavisittoisbeautiful.whosewhywhenwhichwhich

5.Isawawoman_______ba3010.Hisfather,________worksinBeijing,came

backyesterday.11.Shanghai,_______isinEastChina,is

developingquickly.12.Mymother,______youmetlastyear,

keepstellingmenottotakethembecause

theyaredangerous.13.Hefailedintheexam,_____madehisparentsangry.14._____wehadexpected,hefailedintheexam.whowhichwhomwhichAs10.Hisfather,________works31總結(jié):關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的判定最終取決于它們?cè)趶木渲械某煞帧G杏?!!歸納:關(guān)系副詞when指時(shí)間,關(guān)系副詞where指地點(diǎn),關(guān)系副詞why指原因,在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)。即使先行詞是時(shí)間地點(diǎn),若作從句中的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),只能用關(guān)系代詞that,which.總結(jié):關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的判定最終取決于它們?cè)趶木渲械某煞帧?21.I’llneverforgetthedays______________weworked

together.

2.I’llneverforgetthedays________wespenttogether.

3.Iwenttotheplace

Iworkedtenyearsago.

4.Iwenttotheplace_____________Ivisitedtenyearsago.

5.Thisisthereason_____________________hewaslate.

6.Thisisthereason_____________________hegave.

when/inwhichwhichwhere/inwhichwhichwhy/forwhichthat/which幾種易混的情況及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞1.I’llneverforgetthedays__33定語(yǔ)從句改錯(cuò)練習(xí)1.The

book

that

I

borrowed

it

from

the

library

is

well

written.2.The

house

stood

at

the

place

which

the

roads

meet.

3.Did

you

see

the

young

man

whom

was

chosen

the

League

secretary?

4.We

shall

visit

the

university

where

my

father

teaches

there.5.Can

you

think

of

anyone

who’s

house

is

on

a

pile

of

rocks?

wherewhowhose定語(yǔ)從句改錯(cuò)練習(xí)wherewhowhose346.The

day

which

I

was

to

start

arrived

at

last.

7.I

have

known

the

reason

which

she

is

so

worried.

8.This

is

the

girl

who

practice

playing

the

piano

everyday.

9.The

watch

which

her

mother

gave

it

to

her

works

very

well.

10.Is

she

the

girl

her

grandfather

was

a

Red

Army

man?

whenwhosepracticeswhy6.The

day

which

I

was

to

start3511.Whichisknowntoall,theearthisround.12ItissuchahotdayasIwanttogoswimmingverymuch.13.Whichisknowntoall,LuXunisdead.thatASAs11.Whichisknowntoall,the36合并句子把下面各題中的句子合并為一個(gè)含有定語(yǔ)從句的主從復(fù)合句

1.a(chǎn).Seeingthesechanges,wecannotforgetthem.b.Theygaveusunselfishhelpwhenwewereintrouble.__________________________________________________________________________________________________Seeingthesechanges,wecannotforgetthosewhogaveusunselfishhelpwhenwewereintrouble.合并句子Seeingthesechanges,we372.a(chǎn).Ifeelgreatlyhonoredtohostthecontest.b.ThecontestissponsoredbytheStudents'Union.________________________________________________________________________________________________Ifeelgreatlyhonoredtohostthecontest,whichissponsoredbytheStudents'Union.2.a(chǎn).Ifeelgreatlyhonoredto383.a(chǎn).Theysenttheelderlysomefruits,cleanedtheroomsandhadagoodchatwiththem.b.Theelderlyalwaysfeellonely.__________________________________________________________________________________________________Theysenttheelderlywhoalwaysfeellonelysomefruits,cleanedtheroomsandhadagoodchatwiththem.3.a(chǎn).Theysenttheelderlysom394.a(chǎn).Thelibraryisnotfarfromhere.b.Thewriteroftendoessomereadingthere.__________________________________________________________________________________________________Thelibrarywherethewriteroftendoessomereadingisnotfarfromhere.4.a(chǎn).Thelibraryisnotfarfr405.a(chǎn).I‘vealwayslongedforthedays.b.Iwillbeabletobeindependentthen.________________________________________________________________________________________________I'vealwayslongedforthedayswhenIwillbeabletobeindependent.5.a(chǎn).I‘vealwayslongedforth41翻譯下列句子。1.請(qǐng)遞給我擺在桌上的那本書(shū)。2.湯姆買(mǎi)的小說(shuō)很有意思。3.你能把昨天談到的那本雜志借給我嗎?4.那輛壞了輪胎(tyre)的自行車(chē)現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)修好了。5.正在彈鋼琴的那位婦女是張小姐。Pleasepassmethebookwhichislyingonthetable.ThenovelwhichTomboughtisveryinteresting.Canyoulendmethemagazinewhichyoutalkedaboutyesterday?Thebikewhosebrakewasdamagedhasnowbeenrepaired.ThewomanthatisplayingthepianoisMissZhang.翻譯下列句子。426.這是我看過(guò)的最好的一部電影。7.我們要參觀的第一個(gè)地方是北京圖書(shū)館8.我們永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記中華人民共和國(guó)成立的那一天。9.他年輕時(shí)在校學(xué)習(xí)努力,這導(dǎo)致了他后來(lái)生活中的成功。10.人人皆知,地球是圓的。ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveseen.Thefirstplacethatwe’llvisitisBeijingLibrary.We’llneverforgetthedaywhenthePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfounded.Hestudieshardatschoolwhenhewasyoung,whichleadstohissuccessinhislaterlife.Asisknowntoall,theearthisround.6.這是我看過(guò)的最好的一部電影。Thisisthebe4311.那位教授是威廉斯他的女兒教你英語(yǔ)。12.我們一直盼望的那些電影明星下周將來(lái)我市。13.她就是我要介紹給你的新學(xué)生14.這個(gè)博物館是當(dāng)時(shí)建造的最好的建筑物。15.我姐姐給我買(mǎi)的那本字典很有用。TheprofessorwhosedaughterteachesyouEnglishisDr.Williams.Thefilmstarswhowearelookingforwardtowillcometoourcitynextweek.SheisthenewstudentwhomIwanttointroducetoyou.Themuseumwasthebestbuildingthatwasbuiltatthattime.Thedictionarywhichmysisterboughtmeisveryuseful.11.那位教授是威廉斯他的女兒教你英語(yǔ)。Theprofes44

改寫(xiě)句子“Iseemanyrunningcreatures.Theyaremadeofmetalandglass.Theirfeetareround.Theyhavefoureyes.Twoofthefour

eyesarered.InsideIseesoftshapes.Theycanmove.”Iseemanyrunningcreatureswhich/thataremadeofmetalandglass.Theirfeetareroundandtheyhavefoureyes,twoofwhicharered.InsideIseesoftshapesthatcanmove.改寫(xiě)句子Iseemanyrunningcreatu45

Ourclassisabigfamily;Itconsistsof12girlsand50boys.Mostofthemaremainlyfromthecountryside.ZhaoQiangisakind-heartedboy.Heisalwaysreadytohelpothers.Heissuchagoodboythatwealllikehim.

Ourclassisabigfamilywhichconsistsof12girlsand50boys,mostofwhomaremainlyfromthecountryside.ZhaoQiangisakind-heartedboy,whoisalwaysreadytohelpothers.Heisagoodboywhomwealllike.定語(yǔ)從句的運(yùn)用Ourclassisabigfamily46請(qǐng)按以下內(nèi)容要點(diǎn),用5個(gè)句子(盡可能多地使用定語(yǔ)從句)寫(xiě)一篇有關(guān)你的同學(xué)Jane的短文:1我有一個(gè)朋友Jane,她的父親是我以前的化學(xué)老師;2Jane是一個(gè)容易相處的女孩,我們都喜歡她。3Jane在此次口語(yǔ)競(jìng)賽中獲得第一,這使得父母很高興;4新年就要到了,到時(shí)Jane會(huì)和她媽媽一起去香港;5眾所周知,香港是一個(gè)購(gòu)物天堂,Jane打算在那里買(mǎi)她需要的東西。小試牛刀請(qǐng)按以下內(nèi)容要點(diǎn),用5個(gè)句子(盡可能多地使用定語(yǔ)從句)寫(xiě)一篇47

IhaveaclassmatecalledJane,whosefatherismyformerchemicalteacher.Janeisagirlwhoiseasytogetalongwithandwealllikeher.JanetakesthefirstplaceintheSpeechContest,whichmakesherparentshappy.TheNewYeariscoming,whenJanewillgotoHongkongtogetherwithhermother.Asweallknow,Hongkongisashoppingparadize,whereJaneintendstobuywhatsheneeds.Ihaveaclassmatecalled48定語(yǔ)從句講解及在寫(xiě)作中的應(yīng)用定語(yǔ)從句講解及在寫(xiě)作中的應(yīng)用4950定語(yǔ)從句一、定語(yǔ)從句概述Thestory

thatyouread

isTheRescue.你讀的故事叫《營(yíng)救》。

Thestory是“先行詞”,thatyouread是定語(yǔ)從句,that是關(guān)系代詞。

(一)概念2定語(yǔ)從句一、定語(yǔ)從句概述Thestorythat5051定語(yǔ)從句(二)使用關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞當(dāng)引導(dǎo)詞在句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí),要用關(guān)系代詞;當(dāng)引導(dǎo)詞在句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),要用關(guān)系副詞。如:Thisisthepalacewhereheworks.(where狀語(yǔ)時(shí),等于inwhich)IoftenthinkofthedaysthatIspentinBrown’slastsummer.(that作spent的賓語(yǔ)=thedays)Hekeptthelaughingduringthetwohours(that)ittooktoflytoBeijing.(that作took的賓語(yǔ),等于twohours)3定語(yǔ)從句(二)使用關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞Thisis5152定語(yǔ)從句(三)定語(yǔ)從句的分類(lèi)定語(yǔ)從句分為限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,如:

MybrotherwholivesinNewYorkhassixchildren.(限制性定語(yǔ)從句)

我住在紐約的那個(gè)兄弟有六個(gè)孩子。(我的兄弟不只一個(gè)。住在紐約的那位只是其中之一。)

Mybrother,wholivesinNewYork,hassixchildren.(非限制性定語(yǔ)從句)

我兄弟有六個(gè)孩子,他住在紐約。(我只有一個(gè)兄弟,且他住在紐約。)

4定語(yǔ)從句(三)定語(yǔ)從句的分類(lèi)定語(yǔ)從句分為限制性定語(yǔ)從5253定語(yǔ)從句

Shehasfoundthenecklace(that)shelosttwoweeksago.

1、限制性定語(yǔ)從句限制性定語(yǔ)從句在意義上不可缺少的定語(yǔ),如果去掉,主句的意思就不完整或失去意義。這種從句和主句的關(guān)系十分密切,寫(xiě)時(shí)不用逗號(hào)分開(kāi),如:

Howdoyouapologizetoyourfriend

whosebikeyoulost?5定語(yǔ)從句Shehasfoundtheneck5354定語(yǔ)從句

Helen,

whowassittingonmyleft,saidthatthismealwasthebestshehadeverhad.

2、非限制性定語(yǔ)從句和主句的關(guān)系不是十分密切,只是對(duì)先行詞作些附加的說(shuō)明,如果去掉,主句的意思仍然很清楚。這種從句和主句之間往往用逗號(hào)分開(kāi),一般不用that

引導(dǎo)。如:

Lijiang,

whereIwasborn,isverybeautiful.海倫坐在我的旁邊說(shuō)這時(shí)她吃過(guò)的最好的一頓飯。6定語(yǔ)從句Helen,whowassitting5455定語(yǔ)從句(四)關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句1、關(guān)系代詞概述

關(guān)系代詞有who,whom,that,which,whose。當(dāng)先行詞指人時(shí)用who,whom,當(dāng)先行詞指物時(shí)用which;whose是who和which的所有格形式,表示“……的”,that既可指人,也可指物。這些關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ),作主語(yǔ)時(shí)關(guān)系代詞不可省略,作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略。7定語(yǔ)從句(四)關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句1、關(guān)系代詞概述5556定語(yǔ)從句2、當(dāng)先行詞指人時(shí)使用who和whom,若在句中作主語(yǔ)用who;如果作賓語(yǔ)用whom,但在口語(yǔ)中,常用who代替whom,也可以省略。如:

TheforeignerwhovisitedourschoolyesterdayisfromCanada.(關(guān)系代詞who在從句中作主語(yǔ))

ThegirlwemetyesterdayisLiLei’ssister.(關(guān)系代詞who,whom或that在從句中作賓語(yǔ),已被省略)8定語(yǔ)從句2、當(dāng)先行詞指人時(shí)使用who和whom,若在句中作5657定語(yǔ)從句3、當(dāng)先行詞指物時(shí),用which或that.

Theyplantedthetreeswhich/thatdon’tneedmuchwater.

Thefish(which)weboughtwerenotfresh.

MissSmithistheteacherwhosehousecaughtfirelastweek.4、whose引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,先行詞可是人也可是物,whose在從句中作定語(yǔ),其后必跟一個(gè)名詞。如:史密斯老師便是上周房子著火的那名老師。9定語(yǔ)從句3、當(dāng)先行詞指物時(shí),用which或that.5758定語(yǔ)從句5、that先行詞既可指人又可指物,在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。如:

Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.

Let’saskthemanthatisreadingthebookoverthere.

(1)Theathletetowhomyoutalkedisafamousrunner.6、如果關(guān)系代詞作介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí),介詞的位置10定語(yǔ)從句5、that先行詞既可指人又可指物,在從句中作主5859定語(yǔ)從句(2)含有介詞的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般不拆開(kāi),介詞仍放在動(dòng)詞的后面。如:

Isthisthewatchwhich/thatheislookingfor?

Theoldmanwhom/whothenursesarelookingafterisverywellnow.11定語(yǔ)從句(2)含有介詞的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般不拆開(kāi),介詞仍放在動(dòng)5960定語(yǔ)從句(3)關(guān)系代詞whose也可以在從句中與它所修飾的名詞一起作介詞賓語(yǔ)。如:

Thebossinwhosecompanymyfatherworkedisaverykindperson.

IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?7、只用that作關(guān)系代詞的場(chǎng)合我父親工作的那個(gè)公司的老板是一個(gè)非常和善的人。

(1)被修飾的先行詞為不定代詞,如all,much,everything,anything,nothing,none,theone,something等時(shí),只能用that。如:12定語(yǔ)從句(3)關(guān)系代詞whose也可以在從句中與它所修飾6061定語(yǔ)從句(2)先行詞被only,very,just,last,oneof,all,no,little,few,any等詞修飾時(shí),只能用that。如:

TheonlythingthatIwanttodoistohavearest.

Hewasthefirstpersonthatpassedtheexam.(3)先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí),只用that。如:(4)先行詞是最高級(jí)或被最高級(jí)修飾時(shí),只用that。

Thisisthebestwaythatcansolvetheproblem.13定語(yǔ)從句(2)先行詞被only,very,just,6162定語(yǔ)從句(5)先行詞既有人也有物時(shí),只用that。如:

Thefilmstarandherfilmthatyouhavejusttalkedaboutarereallyveryfamous.

Hebroughttwocatsyesterday.NowIcanseethetwothatareplayinginthegarden.

(6)被修飾詞為數(shù)詞時(shí),只用that。如:

(7)如果兩個(gè)從句,其中一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞用which引導(dǎo),則另一個(gè)用that以避名重復(fù);如:

Hebuiltupafactorywhichproducedthings

thathadneverbeenseenbefore.14定語(yǔ)從句(5)先行詞既有人也有物時(shí),只用that。如:6263定語(yǔ)從句(8)主句是therebe結(jié)構(gòu),修飾其主語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)從句用that。如:

ThereisabookonthedeskthatbelongstoFrank.

Thisisthehouseofwhichthewindowsfacesouth.8、只用which作關(guān)系代詞的場(chǎng)合。(2)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句which可代先行詞或者前句,譯成“這一點(diǎn),這件事”。如:

Tomcameback,whichmadeushappy.(1)當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí),只用which。如:15定語(yǔ)從句(8)主句是therebe結(jié)構(gòu),修飾其主語(yǔ)的定6364定語(yǔ)從句(3)先行詞為that,時(shí),引導(dǎo)詞用which。如:

What’sthat

whichwasputinthecar?

LetmeshowyouthenovelthatIborrowedfromthelibrarywhichwasnewlyopentous.(4)一個(gè)句子中有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),為避免重復(fù),一個(gè)用that,另一個(gè)則用which。如:9、通常要用who代表人作關(guān)系代詞的場(chǎng)合。16定語(yǔ)從句(3)先行詞為that,時(shí),引導(dǎo)詞用which6465定語(yǔ)從句(1)當(dāng)先行詞是one,ones,anyone或those等,只用who。如:

Anyone

whodoesthat

mustbemad.

Thereisayoungmanwhowantstoseeyou.(2)用在therebe結(jié)構(gòu)中,主語(yǔ)指人時(shí),只用who。如:

Thosewhodaretobreakthelawwillbepunished.17定語(yǔ)從句(1)當(dāng)先行詞是one,ones,anyone或6566定語(yǔ)從句(3)當(dāng)先行詞是人,后面有較長(zhǎng)修飾語(yǔ)時(shí),只用who。如:

ThemanthatspokeatthemeetingisournewheadmasterwhohadjustcomefromShanghai.(4)為了避免重復(fù)或引起歧義,當(dāng)句子中有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句,一個(gè)用that時(shí),另一個(gè)用who。如:

ImetafriendofmineintheparkyesterdaywhohadgotthreegoldmedalsintheAsianGames.

那個(gè)在會(huì)上講話(huà)的人是我們的新校長(zhǎng),他來(lái)自上海。18定語(yǔ)從句(3)當(dāng)先行詞是人,后面有較長(zhǎng)修飾語(yǔ)時(shí),只用wh6667定語(yǔ)從句(5)當(dāng)先行詞是I,you,he,they等時(shí)(常用于諺語(yǔ)之中)。如:

Hewhoplayswithfiregetsburned.

Hewhodoesn’treachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.不到長(zhǎng)城非好漢。玩火自焚。19定語(yǔ)從句(5)當(dāng)先行詞是I,you,he,they等時(shí)(6768定語(yǔ)從句(五)關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系副詞有why,when,where,在定語(yǔ)從句中代替先行詞,作狀語(yǔ),不可省略,有時(shí)也可用“介詞+which”代替。

We’llneverforgetthehappytimewhenweworkedonthefarm.

IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.1、when指時(shí)間,在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。如:20定語(yǔ)從句(五)關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句We’lln6869定語(yǔ)從句

Thisisthehousewherewelivedlastyear.2、where指地點(diǎn),在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。如:

Thefactorywherehisfatherworksisinthewestofthecity.

3、why指原因,在定語(yǔ)從句中作原因狀語(yǔ),如:

Thereareseveralreasonswhywecan’tdothat.

Hecouldn’tgivetheteacheragoodreasonwhyhewaslateforschool.21定語(yǔ)從句Thisisthehousewhe6970定語(yǔ)從句*當(dāng)先行詞是way時(shí),引導(dǎo)詞通常用that/inwhich或不用任何引導(dǎo)詞如:

Thisistheway

(that/inwhich)hedidit.22定語(yǔ)從句*當(dāng)先行詞是way時(shí),引導(dǎo)詞通常用that/7071定語(yǔ)從句(八)定語(yǔ)從句的主謂一致

Therecorderthathasbeengiventomeishome-made.1、關(guān)系代詞作從句的主語(yǔ)時(shí),從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)的人稱(chēng)和數(shù)要與先行詞保持一致;先行詞是句子時(shí),從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式。如:I,whoamyourclassmate,willsharetheworkwithyou.23定語(yǔ)從句(八)定語(yǔ)從句的主謂一致Therecor7172定語(yǔ)從句

Heisoneofthestudentswhohavemadegreatprogress.2、“oneof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”位于關(guān)系代詞前作先行詞時(shí),從句的動(dòng)詞通常要用復(fù)數(shù);當(dāng)one前有the(only),the(very)等修飾時(shí),從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)。如:

MrWangistheonlyoneofmyfriendswhohasbeeninvitedtohavedinnerwithus.24定語(yǔ)從句Heisoneofthestude7273定語(yǔ)從句(九)as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

Iwantohavesuchadictionaryashehas.1、as用作關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)限定性定語(yǔ)從句,并在從句作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)等,構(gòu)成“thesame…as”,“such…as”等結(jié)構(gòu)。如:Ishalldoitinthesamewaywasasyoudid.(as作狀語(yǔ))Ilikethesamebookasyoudo.25定語(yǔ)從句(九)as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句Iwanto7374定語(yǔ)從句

Theexperimentisveryimportant,asindeeditis

.(as代表整個(gè)句子,作表語(yǔ))2、as引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句。as在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),這個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)明整個(gè)句子,可以放在主句之前。如:

Asisknowntoall,heisthebeststudentinourclass.(as代表整個(gè)句子,作主語(yǔ))

Asweallknow,hestudiesveryhard.(as代表整個(gè)句子,作賓語(yǔ))26定語(yǔ)從句Theexperimentisver7475定語(yǔ)從句常用這種類(lèi)似插入語(yǔ)的句式有asissaidabove(正如以上所說(shuō)),asalreadymentioned

above(正如上文所提及的那樣),asisknowntoall(正如我們所知道的那樣),asitis(按現(xiàn)在的樣子),asisoftenthecase(……是常有的事),asisreportedinthenewspaper(正如所報(bào))等。27定語(yǔ)從句常用這種類(lèi)似插入語(yǔ)的句式有asissaid7576定語(yǔ)從句注意:1、關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí),從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱(chēng)和數(shù)必須和先行詞保持一致。2、關(guān)系代詞whom,which,that在限制性語(yǔ)從句中作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)或介詞賓語(yǔ),而該介詞又位于從句末尾,經(jīng)常省略,但as一般不能省略。3、關(guān)系代詞which和as在定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別是:which不能放在句首,而as則可以;在句中時(shí),as有“正如”、“就像”之意,而which則沒(méi)有此意。

28定語(yǔ)從句注意:76PracticeoftheAttributiveclause

1.Aplaneisamachine___________canfly.

2.Thecar____________myuncleboughtlastweekwasstolen.

3.Theman_________iswalkingontheplaygroundismyoldfriend.

4.Thewoman_________yousawintheparkisourEnglishteacher.

which/that(which/that)who/that(who/that)PracticeoftheAttributivec77

5.Isawawoman_______bagwasstolen.

6.Thereason______hewaslatewasthathegotuplate.7.Istillremembertheday_______IfirstcametoBeijing.

8.Itisanimportantday________Iwillneverforget.

9.Thepark______theypaidavisittoisbeautiful.whosewhywhenwhichwhich

5.Isawawoman_______ba7810.Hisfather,________worksinBeijing,came

backyesterday.11.Shanghai,_______isinEastChina,is

developingquickly.12.Mymother,______youmetlastyear,

keepstellingmenottotakethembecause

theyaredangerous.13.Hefailedintheexam,_____madehisparentsangry.14._____wehadexpected,hefailedintheexam.whowhichwhomwhichAs10.Hisfather,________works79總結(jié):關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的判定最終取決于它們?cè)趶木渲械某煞帧G杏?!!歸納:關(guān)系副詞when指時(shí)間,關(guān)系副詞where指地點(diǎn),關(guān)系副詞why指原因,在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)。即使先行詞是時(shí)間地點(diǎn),若作從句中的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),只能用關(guān)系代詞that,which.總結(jié):關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的判定最終取決于它們?cè)趶木渲械某煞帧?01.I’llneverforgetthedays______________weworked

together.

2.I’llneverforgetthedays________wespenttogether.

3.Iwenttotheplace

Iworkedtenyearsago.

4.Iwenttotheplace_____________Ivisitedtenyearsago.

5.Thisisthereason_____________________hewaslate.

6.Thisisthereason_____________________hegave.

when/inwhichwhichwhere/inwhichwhichwhy/forwhichthat/which幾種易混的情況及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞1.I’llneverforgetthedays__81定語(yǔ)從句改錯(cuò)練習(xí)1.The

book

that

I

borrowed

it

from

the

library

is

well

written.2.The

house

stood

at

the

place

which

the

roads

meet.

3.Did

you

see

the

young

man

whom

was

chosen

the

League

secretary?

4.We

shall

visit

the

university

where

my

father

teaches

there.5.Can

you

think

of

anyone

who’s

house

is

on

a

pile

of

rocks?

wherewhowhose定語(yǔ)從句改錯(cuò)練習(xí)wherewhowhose826.The

day

which

I

was

to

start

arrived

at

last.

7.I

have

known

the

reason

which

she

is

so

worried.

8.This

is

the

girl

who

practice

playing

the

piano

everyday.

9.The

watch

which

her

mother

gave

it

to

her

works

very

well.

10.Is

she

the

girl

her

grandfather

was

a

Red

Army

man?

whenwhosepracticeswhy6.The

day

which

I

was

to

start8311.Whichisknowntoall,theearthisround.12ItissuchahotdayasIwanttogoswimmingverymuch.13.Whichisknowntoall,LuXunisdead.thatASAs11.Whichisknowntoall,the84合并句子把下面各題中的句子合并為一個(gè)含有定語(yǔ)從句的主從復(fù)合句

1.a(chǎn).Seeingthesechanges,wecannotforgetthem.b.Theygaveusunselfishhelpwhenwewereintrouble.__________________________________________________________________________________________________Seeingthesechanges,wecannotforgetthosewhogaveusunselfishhelpwhenwewereintrouble.合并句子Seeingthesechanges,we852.a(chǎn).Ifeelgreatlyhonoredtohostthecontest.b.ThecontestissponsoredbytheStudents'Union.________________________________________________________________________________________________Ifeelgreatlyhonoredtohostthecontest,whichissponsoredb

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