版權(quán)說(shuō)明：本文檔由用戶(hù)提供并上傳，收益歸屬內(nèi)容提供方，若內(nèi)容存在侵權(quán)，請(qǐng)進(jìn)行舉報(bào)或認(rèn)領(lǐng)
文檔簡(jiǎn)介
DraftLifeCycleAssessment
Aproduct-orientedmethod
forsustainabilityanalysis
UNEPLCATrainingKit
Moduleb–OverviewofLCADraftLifeCycleAssessmentWhatisLCA?WhyLCA?TheISO14040frameworkGoalandscopedefinitionInventoryanalysisImpactassessmentInterpretationContentsDraft2WhatisLCA?ContentsDraft2WhatisLCA?(1)Officially:
LifeCycleAssessmentHereconfinedto:
quantitativeenvironmentalLifeCycleAssessmentofproductsenvironmentalLifeCycleAssessmentquantitative
products3WhatisLCA?(1)Officially:
LiWhatisLCA?(2)Atleastthreedifferentmeanings:LCAasafieldofstudyLCAasatechniqueLCAasaspecificstudy4WhatisLCA?(2)AtleastthreeWhatisLCA?(3)Basically:toolfordecision-supportcomputationalaspectswhichdatawhichmodelswhichformulasproceduralaspectswhotoinvolvehowtoreporthowtouse5WhatisLCA?(3)Basically:tooWhatisLCA?(4)ISO-standardisedprocedure(ISO14040,createdin1997-2000;revisedin2006)Structuredframework:fourphasesRules,requirementsandconsiderationsspecifiedSpecificdataandcalculationstepsnotspecifiedMuchattentionfortransparencyinreporting6WhatisLCA?(4)ISO-standardisISO14040framework(1)Source:ISO14040Draft7ISO14040framework(1)Source:ISO14040framework(2)ISO:Compilationandevaluationoftheinputs,outputsandthepotentialenvironmentalimpactsofaproductsystemthroughoutitslifecycleInternationalStandardISO14040complementaryInternationalStandardsISO14041,14042,14043noTechnicalReportto14040,butTechnicalReportsto14041and1404214044mergestherevised14040-14043(2006)8ISO14040framework(2)ISO:CoWhyLCA?(1)Whyaproduct-orientedinformationtool?IncreasedattentionforproductpolicyseveralnationalpolicyplansEU’sIntegratedProductPolicyUNEP’sInternationalDeclarationonCleanerProductionetc.Influenceconsumptionandproductionpatternsclean(er)productionecolabelproductstewardshipetc.9WhyLCA?(1)Whyaproduct-orieWhyLCA?(2)Whyanintegratedinformationtool?Preventproblemshiftingtootherlifecyclestagestoothersubstancestootherenvironmentalproblemstoothercountriestothefuture10WhyLCA?(2)WhyanintegratedWhyLCA?(3)Whyamethod?TostructurethelargeamountofcomplexdataTofacilitatecomparisonsacrossproductalternativesToenablebenchmarking11WhyLCA?(3)Whyamethod?11WhyLCA?(4)Whycomplexdata?ProductpropertyIncandescentlampFluorescentlamppowerconsumption60W18Wlifespan1000hr5000hrmass30g540gmercurycontent0mg2mgetc……Draft12WhyLCA?(4)Whycomplexdata?PISO14040framework(3)Source:ISO14040Draft13ISO14040framework(3)Source:Phase1:Goalandscopedefinition(1)Phaseoflifecycleassessmentinwhichtheaimofthestudy,andinrelationtothat,thebreadthanddepthofthestudyisestablishedgoaldefinitionscopedefinition14Phase1:GoalandscopedefiniPhase1:Goalandscopedefinition(2)Goaldefinition:intendedapplicationproductdevelopmentandimprovementstrategicplanningpublicdecisionmakingmarketingotherreasonsforcarryingoutthestudyintendedaudience15Phase1:GoalandscopedefiniPhase1:Goalandscopedefinition(3)Scopedefinition:function,functionalunitandreferenceflowinitialchoicessystemboundariesdataquality…criticalreviewandotherproceduralaspects16Phase1:GoalandscopedefiniPhase1:Goalandscopedefinition(4)Functionalunit:comparisononthebasisofanequivalentfunctionexample:1000litersofmilkpackedinglassbottlesorpackedincarton,insteadof1glassbottleversus1carton17Phase1:GoalandscopedefiniPhase1:Goalandscopedefinition(5)Criticalreviewandotherproceduralaspectscriticalreviewtoensuretheconsistency,scientificvalidity,transparencyofthereport,ernalreview,externalreview,reviewbyinterestedpartiesproceduralembeddingofLCA:LCAasa(participatory)process18Phase1:GoalandscopedefiniPhase2:Inventoryanalysis(1)Phaseoflifecycleassessmentinvolvingthecompilationandquantificationofinputsandoutputs,foragivenproductsystemthroughoutitslifecycleSteps:preparingfordatacollectiondatacollectioncalculationproceduresallocationandrecycling19Phase2:Inventoryanalysis(1Phase2:Inventoryanalysis(2)CentralpositionforunitprocesssmallestportionofaproductsystemforwhichdataarecollectedTypicalexamples:electricityproductionbycoalcombustionPVCproductionuseofapassengercarrecyclingofaluminumscrap20Phase2:Inventoryanalysis(2Phase2:Inventoryanalysis(3)Datacollectionforunitprocesses:flowsofintermediateproductsorwastefortreatmentelementaryflowsfromortotheenvironmentelectricityproductionelectricitycoalgeneratorflyashDraft21Phase2:Inventoryanalysis(3Phase2:Inventoryanalysis(4)CombinationofunitprocessesintoaproductsystemGraphicalrepresentationinaflowdiagramelectricityproductionelectricitycoalgeneratorflyashcoalminingequipmentgeneratorproductionsteelflyashtreatmentgypsumsystemboundaryreferenceflowproductsystemDraft22Phase2:Inventoryanalysis(4Phase2:Inventoryanalysis(5)Draft23Phase2:Inventoryanalysis(5Phase2:Inventoryanalysis(6)electricityproductionwithcogenerationofheat(CHP)electricitycoalgeneratorflyashheatDraftCalculationproceduresrelateprocessdatatothefunctionalunit(matrixalgebra)allocationofmultipleprocesses(multipleoutputs,multipleinputs,re-useandrecycling)aggregationoverallunitprocessesintheinventorytable24Phase2:Inventoryanalysis(6Phase2:Inventoryanalysis(7)InventorytableElementaryflowIncandescentlampFluorescentlampCO2toair800000kg50000kgSO2toair1000kg80kgCoppertowater3g20gCrudeoilfromearth37000kg22000kgetc……25Phase2:Inventoryanalysis(7Phase3:Impactassessment(1)AssessmentoftheimportanceofthepotentialenvironmentaleffectswiththeaidoftheresultsoftheinventoryanalysisSteps:selectionanddefinitionofimpactcategories,indicatorsandmodelsclassificationcharacterisationnormalisationaggregationand/orweighing26Phase3:Impactassessment(1)42Phase3:Impactassessment(2)Draft2742Phase3:Impactassessment(Phase3:Impactassessment(3)ExampleofacategoryindicatorGlobalWarming: GlobalWarmingPotential(GWP):measureforGlobalWarmingintermsofradiativeforcingofamass-unit Examplecalculation: 5kgCO2(GWP=1) + 3kgCH4(GWP=21) = 1x5+21x3kgCO2-equivalents(=68kgCO2–equivalents)28Phase3:Impactassessment(3)Phase3:Impactassessment(4)Characterisation:SimpleconversionandaggregationofGHGs:CO2,CH4climatechangeGWP(1and21)5and3kg68kgCO2-eqinfraredradiativeforcingIPCCclimatemodel29Phase3:Impactassessment(4)Phase3:Impactassessment(5)Impactcategories,characterisationmethodsandcharacterisationmodels:somebaselineexamples30Phase3:Impactassessment(5)Phase3:Impactassessment(8)ImpactcategoryIncandescentlampFluorescentlampClimatechange120000kgCO2-eq40000kgCO2-eqEcotoxicity320kgDCB-eq440kgDCB-eqAcidification45kgSO2-eq21kgSO2-eqDepletionofresources0.8kgantinomy-eq0.3kgantinomy-eqetc……31Phase3:Impactassessment(8)Phase3:Impactassessment(7)Impactcategoryresultsstilldifficulttounderstand:differenceinunitsdifferenceinscaleNormalisationsteptorelatetheresultstoareferencevaluee.g.,totalworldimpactsin2002resultoftenreferredtoasthenormalisedenvironmentalprofile32Phase3:Impactassessment(7)Phase3:Impactassessment(8)ImpactcategoryIncandescentlampFluorescentlampClimatechange1.210-11yr410-12yrEcotoxicity1.610-10yr2.210-10yrAcidification910-11yr4.210-11yrDepletionofresources2410-12yr910-13yretc……33Phase3:Impactassessment(8)Phase3:Impactassessment(9)Evenafternormalisationnoclearansweraggregationof(normalized)impactcategoryresultsintoasingleindexsubjectiveweightingfactorsneeded34Phase3:Impactassessment(9)Phase3:Impactassessment(10)ExampleofaweightedenvironmentalindexWeighedindexIncandescentlampFluorescentlampWeightedindex8.510-10yr1.410-10yr35Phase3:Impactassessment(10Phase4:Interpretation(1)Conclusions,recommendations,analysis,allrelatedtogoalandscopeoftheresearchamongothersbasedondataqualityandsensitivityanalysisalso:criticalreviewbyindependentexperts36Phase4:Interpretation(1)ConPhase4:Interpretation(2)ExampleofacontributionanalysisProcessIncandescentlampFluorescentlampElectricityproduction88%60%Copperproduction5%15%Wastedisposal2%10%Other5%15%Totalclimatechange120000kgCO2-eq40000kgCO2-eq37Phase4:Interpretation(2)ExaPhase4:Interpretation(3)ExampleofanuncertaintyanalysisDraft38Phase4:Interpretation(3)Exa演講完畢，謝謝觀看！演講完畢，謝謝觀看！DraftLifeCycleAssessment
Aproduct-orientedmethod
forsustainabilityanalysis
UNEPLCATrainingKit
Moduleb–OverviewofLCADraftLifeCycleAssessmentWhatisLCA?WhyLCA?TheISO14040frameworkGoalandscopedefinitionInventoryanalysisImpactassessmentInterpretationContentsDraft41WhatisLCA?ContentsDraft2WhatisLCA?(1)Officially:
LifeCycleAssessmentHereconfinedto:
quantitativeenvironmentalLifeCycleAssessmentofproductsenvironmentalLifeCycleAssessmentquantitative
products42WhatisLCA?(1)Officially:
LiWhatisLCA?(2)Atleastthreedifferentmeanings:LCAasafieldofstudyLCAasatechniqueLCAasaspecificstudy43WhatisLCA?(2)AtleastthreeWhatisLCA?(3)Basically:toolfordecision-supportcomputationalaspectswhichdatawhichmodelswhichformulasproceduralaspectswhotoinvolvehowtoreporthowtouse44WhatisLCA?(3)Basically:tooWhatisLCA?(4)ISO-standardisedprocedure(ISO14040,createdin1997-2000;revisedin2006)Structuredframework:fourphasesRules,requirementsandconsiderationsspecifiedSpecificdataandcalculationstepsnotspecifiedMuchattentionfortransparencyinreporting45WhatisLCA?(4)ISO-standardisISO14040framework(1)Source:ISO14040Draft46ISO14040framework(1)Source:ISO14040framework(2)ISO:Compilationandevaluationoftheinputs,outputsandthepotentialenvironmentalimpactsofaproductsystemthroughoutitslifecycleInternationalStandardISO14040complementaryInternationalStandardsISO14041,14042,14043noTechnicalReportto14040,butTechnicalReportsto14041and1404214044mergestherevised14040-14043(2006)47ISO14040framework(2)ISO:CoWhyLCA?(1)Whyaproduct-orientedinformationtool?IncreasedattentionforproductpolicyseveralnationalpolicyplansEU’sIntegratedProductPolicyUNEP’sInternationalDeclarationonCleanerProductionetc.Influenceconsumptionandproductionpatternsclean(er)productionecolabelproductstewardshipetc.48WhyLCA?(1)Whyaproduct-orieWhyLCA?(2)Whyanintegratedinformationtool?Preventproblemshiftingtootherlifecyclestagestoothersubstancestootherenvironmentalproblemstoothercountriestothefuture49WhyLCA?(2)WhyanintegratedWhyLCA?(3)Whyamethod?TostructurethelargeamountofcomplexdataTofacilitatecomparisonsacrossproductalternativesToenablebenchmarking50WhyLCA?(3)Whyamethod?11WhyLCA?(4)Whycomplexdata?ProductpropertyIncandescentlampFluorescentlamppowerconsumption60W18Wlifespan1000hr5000hrmass30g540gmercurycontent0mg2mgetc……Draft51WhyLCA?(4)Whycomplexdata?PISO14040framework(3)Source:ISO14040Draft52ISO14040framework(3)Source:Phase1:Goalandscopedefinition(1)Phaseoflifecycleassessmentinwhichtheaimofthestudy,andinrelationtothat,thebreadthanddepthofthestudyisestablishedgoaldefinitionscopedefinition53Phase1:GoalandscopedefiniPhase1:Goalandscopedefinition(2)Goaldefinition:intendedapplicationproductdevelopmentandimprovementstrategicplanningpublicdecisionmakingmarketingotherreasonsforcarryingoutthestudyintendedaudience54Phase1:GoalandscopedefiniPhase1:Goalandscopedefinition(3)Scopedefinition:function,functionalunitandreferenceflowinitialchoicessystemboundariesdataquality…criticalreviewandotherproceduralaspects55Phase1:GoalandscopedefiniPhase1:Goalandscopedefinition(4)Functionalunit:comparisononthebasisofanequivalentfunctionexample:1000litersofmilkpackedinglassbottlesorpackedincarton,insteadof1glassbottleversus1carton56Phase1:GoalandscopedefiniPhase1:Goalandscopedefinition(5)Criticalreviewandotherproceduralaspectscriticalreviewtoensuretheconsistency,scientificvalidity,transparencyofthereport,ernalreview,externalreview,reviewbyinterestedpartiesproceduralembeddingofLCA:LCAasa(participatory)process57Phase1:GoalandscopedefiniPhase2:Inventoryanalysis(1)Phaseoflifecycleassessmentinvolvingthecompilationandquantificationofinputsandoutputs,foragivenproductsystemthroughoutitslifecycleSteps:preparingfordatacollectiondatacollectioncalculationproceduresallocationandrecycling58Phase2:Inventoryanalysis(1Phase2:Inventoryanalysis(2)CentralpositionforunitprocesssmallestportionofaproductsystemforwhichdataarecollectedTypicalexamples:electricityproductionbycoalcombustionPVCproductionuseofapassengercarrecyclingofaluminumscrap59Phase2:Inventoryanalysis(2Phase2:Inventoryanalysis(3)Datacollectionforunitprocesses:flowsofintermediateproductsorwastefortreatmentelementaryflowsfromortotheenvironmentelectricityproductionelectricitycoalgeneratorflyashDraft60Phase2:Inventoryanalysis(3Phase2:Inventoryanalysis(4)CombinationofunitprocessesintoaproductsystemGraphicalrepresentationinaflowdiagramelectricityproductionelectricitycoalgeneratorflyashcoalminingequipmentgeneratorproductionsteelflyashtreatmentgypsumsystemboundaryreferenceflowproductsystemDraft61Phase2:Inventoryanalysis(4Phase2:Inventoryanalysis(5)Draft62Phase2:Inventoryanalysis(5Phase2:Inventoryanalysis(6)electricityproductionwithcogenerationofheat(CHP)electricitycoalgeneratorflyashheatDraftCalculationproceduresrelateprocessdatatothefunctionalunit(matrixalgebra)allocationofmultipleprocesses(multipleoutputs,multipleinputs,re-useandrecycling)aggregationoverallunitprocessesintheinventorytable63Phase2:Inventoryanalysis(6Phase2:Inventoryanalysis(7)InventorytableElementaryflowIncandescentlampFluorescentlampCO2toair800000kg50000kgSO2toair1000kg80kgCoppertowater3g20gCrudeoilfromearth37000kg22000kgetc……64Phase2:Inventoryanalysis(7Phase3:Impactassessment(1)AssessmentoftheimportanceofthepotentialenvironmentaleffectswiththeaidoftheresultsoftheinventoryanalysisSteps:selectionanddefinitionofimpactcategories,indicatorsandmodelsclassificationcharacterisationnormalisationaggregationand/orweighing65Phase3:Impactassessment(1)42Phase3:Impactassessment(2)Draft6642Phase3:Impactassessment(Phase3:Impactassessment(3)ExampleofacategoryindicatorGlobalWarming: GlobalWarmingPotential(GWP):measureforGlobalWarmingintermsofradiativeforcingofamass-unit Examplecalculation: 5kgCO2(GWP=1) + 3kgCH4(GWP=21) = 1x5+21x3kgCO2-equivalents(=68kgCO2–equivalents)67Phase3:Impactassessment(3)Phase3:Impactassessment(4)Characterisation:SimpleconversionandaggregationofGHGs:CO2,CH4climatechangeGWP(1and21)5and3kg68kgCO2-eqinfraredradiativeforcingIPCCclimatemodel68Phase3:Impactassessment(4)Phase3:Impactassessment(5)Impactcategories,characterisationmethodsandcharacterisationmodels:somebaselineexamples69Phase3:Impactassessment(5)Phase3:Impactassessment(8)ImpactcategoryIncandescentlampFluorescentlampClimatechange120000kgCO2-eq40000kgCO2-eqEcotoxicity320kgDCB-eq440kgD
溫馨提示
- 1. 本站所有資源如無(wú)特殊說(shuō)明，都需要本地電腦安裝OFFICE2007和PDF閱讀器。圖紙軟件為CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.壓縮文件請(qǐng)下載最新的WinRAR軟件解壓。
- 2. 本站的文檔不包含任何第三方提供的附件圖紙等，如果需要附件，請(qǐng)聯(lián)系上傳者。文件的所有權(quán)益歸上傳用戶(hù)所有。
- 3. 本站RAR壓縮包中若帶圖紙，網(wǎng)頁(yè)內(nèi)容里面會(huì)有圖紙預(yù)覽，若沒(méi)有圖紙預(yù)覽就沒(méi)有圖紙。
- 4. 未經(jīng)權(quán)益所有人同意不得將文件中的內(nèi)容挪作商業(yè)或盈利用途。
- 5. 人人文庫(kù)網(wǎng)僅提供信息存儲(chǔ)空間，僅對(duì)用戶(hù)上傳內(nèi)容的表現(xiàn)方式做保護(hù)處理，對(duì)用戶(hù)上傳分享的文檔內(nèi)容本身不做任何修改或編輯，并不能對(duì)任何下載內(nèi)容負(fù)責(zé)。
- 6. 下載文件中如有侵權(quán)或不適當(dāng)內(nèi)容，請(qǐng)與我們聯(lián)系，我們立即糾正。
- 7. 本站不保證下載資源的準(zhǔn)確性、安全性和完整性, 同時(shí)也不承擔(dān)用戶(hù)因使用這些下載資源對(duì)自己和他人造成任何形式的傷害或損失。
最新文檔
- 滑雪場(chǎng)地建設(shè)與維護(hù)合同書(shū)
- 深圳市冷凍水產(chǎn)品購(gòu)銷(xiāo)合同
- 重大突破：中國(guó)與尼日爾簽訂基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)項(xiàng)目合同
- 正式婚后財(cái)產(chǎn)歸屬合同樣本
- 設(shè)備采購(gòu)與租賃合同樣本
- 社區(qū)衛(wèi)生服務(wù)中心藥師聘用合同范本
- 建筑工程總承包合同中新防水工程條款
- 緊急設(shè)備配送及維護(hù)合同
- 樓盤(pán)分銷(xiāo)代理合同范本
- 衛(wèi)浴產(chǎn)品標(biāo)準(zhǔn)制定與質(zhì)量認(rèn)證考核試卷
- （正式版）JBT 10437-2024 電線(xiàn)電纜用可交聯(lián)聚乙烯絕緣料
- 誦讀經(jīng)典傳承文明課件
- 高中數(shù)學(xué)選擇性必修3 教材習(xí)題答案
- 智能語(yǔ)音技術(shù)與應(yīng)用-基于Python實(shí)現(xiàn)（高職）全套教學(xué)課件
- 北師大版二年級(jí)下冊(cè)數(shù)學(xué)第一單元 除法教案
- 2024年兒童托管行業(yè)分析報(bào)告及未來(lái)發(fā)展趨勢(shì)
- 野生動(dòng)植物保護(hù)
- 2024年安徽省合肥熱電集團(tuán)招聘筆試參考題庫(kù)含答案解析
- 商品條碼使用許可協(xié)議
- 2023德佑房屋租賃合同
- PI形式發(fā)票范文模板
評(píng)論
0/150
提交評(píng)論