年六級04閱讀講義

六級閱讀講義主講人：歡迎使用講義并非 授課的逐字稿，難免有錯漏，堂進行提問不符，請以課程講解為主，有任何疑問可以到知識1六級閱讀講義主講人：歡迎使用講義并非 授課的逐字稿，難免有錯漏，堂進行提問不符，請以課程講解為主，有任何疑問可以到知識1六級閱讀基礎(chǔ)篇英語語法概述英語兩大基礎(chǔ)：詞匯、語法是語言的素材,語法是語言的規(guī)律。知識運用閱讀文章意思作文語法和詞匯的意思標(biāo)點符號的作用1.逗號兩逗號間成分為語---語可跳原則1:2006-12，text1Humans,六級閱讀基礎(chǔ)篇英語語法概述英語兩大基礎(chǔ)：詞匯、語法是語言的素材,語法是語言的規(guī)律。知識運用閱讀文章意思作文語法和詞匯的意思標(biāo)點符號的作用1.逗號兩逗號間成分為語---語可跳原則1:2006-12，text1Humans,saysEdwardM.Hallowell,havetheabilitytocallupimagesofbadthingsthathappenedinthepastandtoanticipatefutureevents.Humans,saysEdwardM.Hallowell,havetheabilitytocallupimagesofbadthingsthathappenedinthepastandtoanticipatefutureevents.2：2007-6，text1Thuswhatmay,toanolderspeaker,seemlike“masculine”speechmayseemtoanadolescentlike“l(fā)iberated”or“hip”speech.Thuswhatmay,toanolderspeaker,seemlike“masculine”speechmayseemtoanadolescentlike“l(fā)iberated”or“hip”2speech.2.破折號（1）補充說明1.2007-6text2Peoplefeel“squeezed”becausetheirrisingincomesspeech.2.破折號（1）補充說明1.2007-6text2Peoplefeel“squeezed”becausetheirrisingincomesoftendon’tsatisfytheirrisingwants—forbiggerhomes,morehealthcare,moreeducation,fasterInteractconnections.（1）補充說明—AB即可2.2006-12text1Inapurelybiologicalsense,fearbeginswiththebody’ssystemforreactingtothingsthatcanharmus—theso-called or-flightresponse.52.The“so-called-or-flightresponse”(Line2,Para.1)refersto“ ”.thebiologicalprocessinwhichhumanbeings’senseofself-defenseevolvestheinstinctivefearhumanbeingsfeelwhenfacedwithpotentialdangertheactofevaluatingadangeroussituationandmakingaquickdecisiontheelaboratemechanisminthehumanbrainforretrievinginformation（2）兩破折號中間為語---語可跳原則1.2006-12，text1Usingthisinformation,theamygdaleappraisesasituation—Ithinkthischargingdogwantstobiteme—andtriggersaresponsebyradiatingnervesignalsthroughoutthebody.Usingthisinformation,theamygdaleappraisesasituation—Ithinkthischargingdogwantstobiteme—andtriggersaresponsebyradiatingnervesignalsthroughoutthebody.3.冒號進一步解釋說明前句中的事物或現(xiàn)象1：2006-12，text1Hishopenow:thatthecriesforreformwillprovidemorefertilesoilforhislongstandingmessagesaboutbusinessethics.61.Welearnfromthelastparagraphthat .thecallsforreformwillhelppromotebusinessethicsbusinessmenwithpoormotiveswillgaintheupperhandbusinessethicscoursesshouldbetaughtinallbusinessschoolsreforminbusinessmanagementcontributestoeconomicgrowth2：2007-6，text1We’vesimplyreaffirmedanoldtruth:thepursuitofaffluencedoesnotalwaysendwithhappiness.4.分號3語義并列或結(jié)構(gòu)并列1：2007-6，text1ThetypicalrefinedJapanesewomanexcelsinmodestyand語義并列或結(jié)構(gòu)并列1：2007-6，text1ThetypicalrefinedJapanesewomanexcelsinmodestyanddelicacy;she“treadssoftly（謹(jǐn)言慎行）intheworld”,elevatingfemininebeautyandgracetoanartform.5.引號（1）反諷1.2007-6text1,wedidn’thearabout“men’slanguage”untilpeoplebegantorespondtogirls’appropriationofformsnormallyforboysandmen.（2）---容易出考點，往往為 內(nèi)容的同義表述1.2007-12text2InDecember,MortimerZuckermanwroteacolumninU.S.News&WorldReport,whichheowns.“Ournation’scorebargainwiththemiddleclassisdisintegrating,”lamented（哀嘆）the117th-richestmaninAmerica.“Mostofoureconomicgainshavegonetopeopleattheverytopoftheincomeladder.Averageincomeforahouseholdofpeopleofworkingage,bycontrast,hasfallenfiveyearsinarow.”Henotedthat“TensofmillionsofAmericansliveinfearthatamajorhealthproblemcanreducethemtobankruptcy”.58.WhatdowelearnfromMortimerZuckerman’slamentation?A)B)C)D)Manymiddle-incomefamilieshavefailedtomakeabargainforbetterwelfare.TheAmericaneconomicsystemhascausedmanycompaniestogobankrupt.TheAmericannationisbecomingmoreandmoredivideddespiteitswealth.ThemajorityofAmericansbenefitlittlefromthenation’sgrowingwealth.（3）對表面意思的引申---容易出詞匯題，為前文內(nèi)容的總結(jié)1.TheothergreatfrustrationisthatithasnoteliminatedinsecurityPeopleregardjobstabilityaspartoftheirstandardofliving.Ascorporatelayoffsincreased,thatparthaseroded.Moreworkersfearthey’vebecome“thedisposableAmerican,”asLouisUchitelleputsitinhisbookbythesamename.55.WhatdoesLouisUchitellemeanby“thedisposableAmerican”(Line3,Para.5)?Thosewhoseejobstabilityaspartoftheirlivingstandard.Peoplefullofutopianideasresultingfromaffluence.PeoplewhohavelittlesayinAmericanpolitics.Workerswhonolongerhavesecurejobs.6.括號對前文內(nèi)容的解釋說明41.Inthisview,continualadjustmentsaremadebetweenlearningormemory1.Inthisview,continualadjustmentsaremadebetweenlearningormemorystorage(input)andforgetting(output).詞法對于關(guān)聯(lián)詞的理解常見的關(guān)聯(lián)詞moreoverinadditionwhatismore，furthermore,alsothenbesides,etc.however,ratherthaninsteadof,but,yet,ontheotherhand,unfortunately.whereaslikesimilarlylikewiseinthesamewayinthesamemannerequally.afewdays，gradually，suddenly，finally等。引出例子:forexamplenamely,forinstanceasanexamplethatis六級中易出考點的關(guān)聯(lián)詞轉(zhuǎn)折處顯性轉(zhuǎn)折however,ratherthaninsteadof,but,yet,ontheotherhand,unfortunately,whereas隱性轉(zhuǎn)折Thereismuchlessphysicalmiserythanbefore.Peoplearebetteroff.Unfortunately,affluencealsocreatesnewcomplaintsandcontradictions.but考點在哪里？Yet,despitethecompetition,my8-year-olddaughterRebeccawantstospendherleisuretimewritingshortstories.butItisaremarkablerecord,stretchingbackover70years—yettheBBC'sfutureisnowindoubt.Unlikemostoftheworld'svolcanoes,theyarenotalwaysfoundattheboundariesofthegreatdriftingplatesthatmakeuptheearth'ssurface;onthecontrary,manyofthemliedeepintheinteriorofaplate.5熟詞僻義1.Shealmostcriedwhenshesawthearmsinherson’sarms.arm n.臂;army n.,熟詞僻義1.Shealmostcriedwhenshesawthearmsinherson’sarms.arm n.臂;army n.,2.Johngotfiredforplayingwithfire.為玩火被解雇了firen.火,熱情,v.點燃,,著火,解雇3.Hemilkedtwentygallonsofmilkfromthedairy20加侖牛奶milkn.乳,牛奶v.擠(奶),榨取，壓榨4.Fromthesoundofyourheart,you’reinsoundshape從你心臟soundn.聲音,語音,噪音，你是健康的adj.健全的,可靠的adv.徹底地,充分地v.聽起來句法閱讀句法基本規(guī)則語可跳1.2.轉(zhuǎn)折后重要3.消減64.向上指代，就近指代5.長難句閱讀語可跳1.結(jié)構(gòu): , , . --- --- .語在英文中非常常見，在文章里主要表現(xiàn)為以下兩種符號：逗號，破折號。例句：Inatimeoflowacademicachievementbychildrenin4.向上指代，就近指代5.長難句閱讀語可跳1.結(jié)構(gòu): , , . --- --- .語在英文中非常常見，在文章里主要表現(xiàn)為以下兩種符號：逗號，破折號。例句：InatimeoflowacademicachievementbychildrenintheUnitedStatesmanyAmericansareturningtoJapan,acountryofhighacademicachievementandeconomicsuccess,forpossibleanswers.轉(zhuǎn)折后重要Butittakescollectivescrutinyandacceptancetotransformadiscoveryclaimintoamaturediscovery.消減消減---即一句話中若有偶數(shù)位的詞，則將所有的詞消去。剩為該句的真實含義。例句：Thereexistsnolanguageordialectintheworldthatcannotconveycomplexideas.例句：Thereexistsnolanguageordialectintheworldthatcannotconveycomplexideas.4.向上指代，就近指代代詞指代時向上指代離其最近的名詞，若代入后不成立，則按由近及遠(yuǎn)的順序代入。例句：Again，differencesbetweenpeopleandtheopportufornaturalselectiontotakeadvantageofithavediminished.六級強化閱讀課程提綱一仔細(xì)閱讀二選詞填空三長篇閱讀仔細(xì)閱讀文章內(nèi)容7人文類（教育、學(xué)術(shù)、人物）類（福利、健康、環(huán)保、商業(yè)、農(nóng)業(yè)）文章出處Economist《學(xué)家》（英）Guardian《衛(wèi)報》（英）Newsweek《周刊》（美）NewYorkTimes《》（美）Time《周刊》（美）USAToday《今日美國》（美）WashingtonPost《》（美）《大六級大綱》要求閱讀理解部分測試學(xué)生通過閱讀獲取信息的能力，既要求準(zhǔn)確，又要求有一定的速度。具體測試學(xué)生下列閱讀能力：既能理解個別句子的意義，也能理解上下文的邏輯；既能理解字面的意思，也能理解隱含的意思；既能理解事實和細(xì)節(jié)，也能理解所讀材料的主旨和大意；能就文章的內(nèi)容進行、推測和信息轉(zhuǎn)換。傳統(tǒng)閱讀的解題步驟三步法a.1）找出題干中的( 詞).詞---[1]顯性：大寫、數(shù)字、年代、時間、連字符單詞等人文類（教育、學(xué)術(shù)、人物）類（福利、健康、環(huán)保、商業(yè)、農(nóng)業(yè)）文章出處Economist《學(xué)家》（英）Guardian《衛(wèi)報》（英）Newsweek《周刊》（美）NewYorkTimes《》（美）Time《周刊》（美）USAToday《今日美國》（美）WashingtonPost《》（美）《大六級大綱》要求閱讀理解部分測試學(xué)生通過閱讀獲取信息的能力，既要求準(zhǔn)確，又要求有一定的速度。具體測試學(xué)生下列閱讀能力：既能理解個別句子的意義，也能理解上下文的邏輯；既能理解字面的意思，也能理解隱含的意思；既能理解事實和細(xì)節(jié)，也能理解所讀材料的主旨和大意；能就文章的內(nèi)容進行、推測和信息轉(zhuǎn)換。傳統(tǒng)閱讀的解題步驟三步法a.1）找出題干中的( 詞).詞---[1]顯性：大寫、數(shù)字、年代、時間、連字符單詞等8[2]謂語結(jié)構(gòu)（動賓短語）名詞（主語）[3]2）自然段原則（順序原則）b.回文.c.正確選擇.題型一細(xì)節(jié)推理題二詞匯指代題(句子理解題)三主旨大意題四觀點態(tài)度題細(xì)節(jié)推理題什么是細(xì)節(jié)推理題？該文章中有關(guān)發(fā)生的具體細(xì)節(jié)的題目，如：時間、地點、人物、、方式等；What/When/Who/Where/Why/How[2]謂語結(jié)構(gòu)（動賓短語）名詞（主語）[3]2）自然段原則（順序原則）b.回文.c.正確選擇.題型一細(xì)節(jié)推理題二詞匯指代題(句子理解題)三主旨大意題四觀點態(tài)度題細(xì)節(jié)推理題什么是細(xì)節(jié)推理題？該文章中有關(guān)發(fā)生的具體細(xì)節(jié)的題目，如：時間、地點、人物、、方式等；What/When/Who/Where/Why/HowWhichstatementistrueaccordingtothepassage?Inferconclude解題技巧1）位置對應(yīng)原則：正確選項與問題處于同一段（有例外情況，為難點）例一：（2006122篇）58.WhydidAmitaiEtzionisay“IreallyfeellikeIfailedthem”(Lines4-5,Para.2)?Hewasunabletoalerthisstudentstocorporatemalpractice.Hedidn’tteachhisstudentstoseebusinessinnewanddifferentways.Hecouldnotgethisstudentstounderstandtheimportanceofethicsinbusiness.Hedidn’toffercoursesthatwouldmeettheexpectationsofthebusiness-leaders-to-be.原文 2006.12六級②Todayhestilltakestheblamefornoteducatingthese“business-leaders-to-be”.“IreallyfeellikeIfailedthem,”hesays,9“IfIwasabetterteachermaybeIcouldhavereached“IfIwasabetterteachermaybeIcouldhavereachedthem.”③….Whathefoundwasn’tencouraging.Thosewould-beexecutiveshad,saysEtzioni,littleinterestinconceptsofethicsandmoralityinthroom—andtheirprofessorwasmetwithblankstareswhenheurgedhisstudentstoseebusinessinnewanddifferentways.1）位置對應(yīng)原則：正確選項與問題處于同一段（有例外情況，為難點）例一：（2006122篇）58.WhydidAmitaiEtzionisay“IreallyfeellikeIfailedthem”(Lines4-5,Para.2)?Hewasunabletoalerthisstudentstocorporatemalpractice.Hedidn’tteachhisstudentstoseebusinessinnewanddifferentways.Hecouldnotgethisstudentstounderstandtheimportanceofethicsinbusiness.Hedidn’toffercoursesthatwouldmeettheexpectationsofthebusiness-leaders-to-be.1）位置對應(yīng)原則：正確選項與問題處于同一段（有例外情況，為難點）例一：（2006122篇）58.WhydidAmitaiEtzionisay“IreallyfeellikeIfailedthem”(Lines4-5,Para.2)?Hewasunabletoalerthisstudentstocorporatemalpractice.Hedidn’tteachhisstudentstoseebusinessinnewanddifferentways.Hecouldnotgethisstudentstounderstandtheimportanceofethicsinbusiness.Hedidn’toffercoursesthatwouldmeettheexpectationsofthebusiness-leaders-to-be.2）同義改寫原則：正確是對原文的同義改寫，而不是直接摘抄例：（2013122篇）58.WhataccountedforAmerica’sbabyboom?Optimismforthefuture.Improvedlivingconditions.Religiousbeliefs.Economicprosperity.原文④Thoughhavingachildisadeeplyaldecision,it’sshapedbyculture,religion,economics,andgovernmentpolicy.“Noonehasagoodanswer”astowhyfertilityvariesamongcountries,sayssociologistAndrewCherlinofTheJohnsHopkinsUniversity.ErodingreligiousbeliefinEuropemaypartlyexplainloweredbirthrates.InJapanyoungwomenmayberebellingagainsttheirmothers’isolatedlivesofchildrearing.Generaloptimismandpessimismcount.HopefulnessfueledAmerica’sbabyboom.AftertheSovietUnion’scollapse,saysCherlin,“anxietyforthefuture”depressedbirthratesinRussiaandEasternEurope.102）同義改寫原則：正確是對原文的同義改寫，而不是直接摘抄例：（2013122篇）58.WhataccountedforAmerica’sbabyboom?Optimismfor2）同義改寫原則：正確是對原文的同義改寫，而不是直接摘抄例：（2013122篇）58.WhataccountedforAmerica’sbabyboom?Optimismforthefuture.Improvedlivingconditions.Religiousbeliefs.Economicprosperity.3)概括原則：選項中表達意義較具體，或膚淺的表達了字面意思的，一般不是項，而具有概括性，抽象的，含義深刻的是項．例一：（2007122篇）58.WhatdowelearnfromMortimerZuckerman’slamentation?A)B)C)D)Manymiddle-incomefamilieshavefailedtomakeabargainforbetterwelfare.TheAmericaneconomicsystemhascausedmanycompaniestogobankrupt.TheAmericannationisbecomingmoreandmoredivideddespiteitswealth.ThemajorityofAmericansbenefitlittlefromthenation’sgrowingwealth.原文InDecember,MortimerZuckermanwroteacolumninU.S.News&WorldReport,whichheowns.“Ournation’scorebargainwiththemiddleclassisdisintegrating,”lamented（哀嘆）the117th-richestmaninAmerica.“Mostofoureconomicgainshavegonetopeopleattheverytopoftheincomeladder.Averageincomeforahouseholdofpeopleofworkingage,bycontrast,hasfallenfiveyearsinarow.”Henotedthat“TensofmillionsofAmericansliveinfearthatamajorhealthproblemcanreducethemtobankruptcy”.3)概括原則：選項中表達意義較具體，或膚淺的表達了字面意思的，一般不是 項，而具有概括性，抽象的，含義深刻的是項．例一：（2007122篇）58.WhatdowelearnfromMortimerZuckerman’slamentation?A)B)C)D)Manymiddle-incomefamilieshavefailedtomakeabargainforbetterwelfare.TheAmericaneconomicsystemhascausedmanycompaniestogobankrupt.TheAmericannationisbecomingmoreandmoredivideddespiteitswealth.ThemajorityofAmericansbenefitlittlefromthenation’sgrowingwealth.例二：（2014162篇）64.WhatproblemisTexasconfrontedwith?A)ItsHispanicpopulationismostlyilliterate.11Itssunriseindustriesareshrinkingrapidly.ItseducationcannotmeetItssunriseindustriesareshrinkingrapidly.Itseducationcannotmeettheneedsoftheknowledgeeconomy.Itsimmigrantshaveahardtimeadaptingtoitscowboyculture.原文④Despiteallthis,itstillseemstooearlytohandoverAmerica'sfuturetoTexas.Tobeginwith,thatleanTexanmhasitsownproblems.Ithasnotinvestedenoughineducation.andmanyexpertsrightlyworryabouta"lostgeneration"ofmostlyHispanicTexanswithinsufficientskillsforthedemandsoftheknowledgeeconomy.例二：（2014162篇）64.WhatproblemisTexasconfrontedwith?ItsHispanicpopulationismostlyilliterate.Itssunriseindustriesareshrinkingrapidly.Itseducationcannotmeettheneedsoftheknowledgeeconomy.Itsimmigrantshaveahardtimeadaptingtoitscowboyculture.4) 總-分原則：結(jié)合文章總-分結(jié)構(gòu)或段落總-分結(jié)構(gòu)解題．總即論點，分即論據(jù)。例：(20146月passage2)62.Whatdoestheauthorsayabouttoday'sCalifornia?Itsdebtsarepushingitintobankruptcy.Itsbudgetshavebeencutby$26billion.Itisfacedwithaseriousfinancialcrisis.Itistryinghardtoprotectthevulnerable.原文①ItiseasytofindevidencethatCaliforniaisinapanic.②AtthestartofthismonththeoncegoldenstatestartedpayingcreditorsinIOUs(欠條).③Thegapbetweenprojectedoutgoingsandincomeforthecurrentfiscal(財政的)yearhasleapttoahorrible$26billion.④Withnosignofanewbudgettoclosethisgulf,onecreditagencyhasalreadydowngradedCalifornia‘sdebt.⑤Asbudgetsarecut,universitieswillletinfewerstudents,prisonerswillbereleasedearlyandschemestoprotectthevulnerablewillberolledback.4) 總-分原則：結(jié)合文章總-分結(jié)構(gòu)或段落總-分結(jié)構(gòu)解題．總即論點，分即論據(jù)。例：(20146月passage2)62.Whatdoestheauthorsayabouttoday'sCalifornia?Itsdebtsarepushingitintobankruptcy.Itsbudgetshavebeencutby$26billion.Itisfacedwithaseriousfinancialcrisis.Itistryinghardtoprotectthevulnerable.12細(xì)節(jié)推斷題典型（2006.12text2）①AmitaiEtzioniisnotsurprisedbythelatestheadingsaboutschemingcorporatecrooks（）.Asa細(xì)節(jié)推斷題典型（2006.12text2）①AmitaiEtzioniisnotsurprisedbythelatestheadingsaboutschemingcorporatecrooks（）.AsavisitingprofessorattheHarvardBusinessSchoolin1989,heendedhisworktheredisgustedwithhisstudents’overwhelminglustformoney.“They’retaughtthatprofitisallthatmatters,hesays“Manyschoolsdon’tevenofferethics（ 學(xué)）coursesatall.”57.WhatimpressedAmitaiEtzionimostaboutHarvardMBAstudents?Theirkeeninterestinbusinesscourses.Theirintensedesireformoney.Theirtacticsformakingprofits.Theirpotentialtobecomebusinessleaders.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題典型（2006.12text2）①AmitaiEtzioniisnotsurprisedbythelatestheadingsaboutschemingcorporatecrooks（）.AsavisitingprofessorattheHarvardBusinessSchoolin1989,heendedhisworktheredisgustedwithhisstudents’overwhelminglustformoney.“They’retaughtthatprofitisallthatmatters,”hesays.“Manyschoolsdon’tevenofferethics（coursesatall.”57.WhatimpressedAmitaiEtzionimostaboutHarvardMBAstudents?Theirkeeninterestinbusinesscourses.Theirintensedesireformoney.Theirtacticsformakingprofits.Theirpotentialtobecomebusinessleaders.學(xué)）細(xì)節(jié)推斷題典型（2006.12text2）①AmitaiEtzioniisnotsurprisedbythelatestheadingsaboutschemingcorporatecrooks（）.AsavisitingprofessorattheHarvardBusinessSchoolin1989,heendedhisworktheredisgustedwithhisstudents’overwhelminglustformoney.“They’retaughtthatprofitisallthatmatters,”hesays.“Manyschoolsdon’tevenofferethics（57.WhatimpressedAmitaiEtzionimostaboutHarvardMBAstudents?Theirkeeninterestinbusinesscourses.Theirintensedesireformoney.Theirtacticsformakingprofits.Theirpotentialtobecomebusinessleaders.學(xué)）coursesatall.”正確B細(xì)節(jié)推斷題典型（2006.12text2）13②Etzioniexpressedhisfrustrationabouttheinterestsofhisgraduatestudents.“Byandlarge,I②Etzioniexpressedhisfrustrationabouttheinterestsofhisgraduatestudents.“Byandlarge,IclearlyhadnotfoundawaytohelpclassesfullofMBAsseethatthereismoretolifethanmoney,power,fameandself-interest,”hewroteatthetime.Todayhestilltakestheblamefornoteducatingthese“business-leaders-to-be”.“IreallyfeellikeIfailedthem,”hesays,“IfIwasabetterteachermaybeIcouldhavereachedthem.”58.WhydidAmitaiEtzionisay“IreallyfeellikeIfailedthem”(Lines4-5,Para.2)?Hewasunabletoalerthisstudentstocorporatemalpractice.Hedidn’tteachhisstudentstoseebusinessinnewanddifferentways.Hecouldnotgethisstudentstounderstandtheimportanceofethicsinbusiness.Hedidn’toffercoursesthatwouldmeettheexpectationsofthebusiness-leaders-to-be.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題典型（2006.12text2）③EtzioniwasarespectedethicsexpertwhenhearrivedatHarvard.Hehopedhisworkattheuniversitywouldgivehiminsightintohowquestionsofmoralitycouldbeappliedtoplaceswhereself-interestflourished.Whathefoundwasn’tencouraging.Thosewould-beexecutiveshad,saysEtzioni,littleinterestinconceptsofethicsandmoralityintheboardroom—andtheirprofessorwasmetwithblankstareswhenheurgedhisstudentstoseebusinessinnewanddifferentways.59.Mostwould-beexecutivesattheHarvardBusinessSchoolbelievedthat .questionsofmoralitywereofutmostimportanceinbusinessaffairsself-interestshouldnotbethetoppriorityinbusinessdealingsnewanddifferentprinciplesshouldbetaughtatbusinessschoolsTherewasnoplaceforethicsandmoralityinbusinessdealings正確D細(xì)節(jié)推斷題典型（2006.12text2）④EtzioniseestheexperienceatHarvardasaneye-openingoneandsaysthere’smuchaboutbusinessschoolsthathe’dliketochange.“Alotofthefacultyteachingbusinessarebadnewsthemselves,”Etzionisays.Fromofferingclassesthatteachstudentshowtolegallymanipulatecontracts,toreinforcingthenotionofprofitovercommuinterests,Etzionihasseenalotthat’slefthimshakinghishead.Andbecauseofwhathe’sseentaughtinbusinessschools,he’snotsurprisedbythelatestrashofcorporatescandals.“Inmanywaysthingshavegotalotworseatbusinessschools,Isuspect,”saysEtzioni.60.InEtzioni’sview,thelatestrashofcorporatescandalscouldbeattributedto .thetendencyinbusinessschoolstostressself-interestoverbusinessethics.theexecutives’lackofknowledgeinlegallymanipulatingcontractstheincreasinglyfiercecompetitioninthemodernbusinessworldthemoralcorruptionofbusinessschoolgraduates細(xì)節(jié)推斷題典型（2006.12text2）④EtzioniseestheexperienceatHarvardasaneye-openingoneandsaysthere’smuchaboutbusinessschoolsthathe’dliketochange.“Alotofthefacultyteachingbusinessarebadnewsthemselves,”Etzionisays.Fromofferingclassesthatteachstudentshowtolegallymanipulatecontracts,toreinforcingthenotionofprofitovercommuinterests,Etzionihasseena14lotthat’slefthimshakinghishead.Andbecauseofwhathe’sseentaughtinlotthat’slefthimshakinghishead.Andbecauseofwhathe’sseentaughtinbusinessschools,he’snotsurprisedbythelatestrashofcorporatescandals.“Inmanywaysthingshavegotalotworseatbusinessschools,Isuspect,”saysEtzioni.60.InEtzioni’sview,thelatestrashofcorporatescandalscouldbeattributedto .thetendencyinbusinessschoolstostressself-interestoverbusinessethics.theexecutives’lackofknowledgeinlegallymanipulatingcontractstheincreasinglyfiercecompetitioninthemodernbusinessworldthemoralcorruptionofbusinessschoolgraduates正確：A細(xì)節(jié)推斷題典型（2006.12text2）⑤Etzioniisstillteachingthesociologyofrightandwrongandstillcallingforethicalbusinessleadership.“Peoplewithpoormotiveswillalwaysexist,”hesays.“Sometimesenvironmentsconstrainthosepeopleandsometimesenvironmentsgivethosepeopleopportu.”Etzionisaystheboomingeconomyofthelastdecadeenabledthoseindividualswithpoormotivestogetrichbeforegettingintrouble.Hishopenow:thatthecriesforreformwillprovidemorefertilesoilforhislongstandingmessagesaboutbusinessethics.61.Welearnfromthelastparagraphthat .thecallsforreformwillhelppromotebusinessethicsbusinessmenwithpoormotiveswillgaintheupperhandbusinessethicscoursesshouldbetaughtinallbusinessschoolsreforminbusinessmanagementcontributestoeconomicgrowth正確D200612月Passage2單詞積累：1.visiting一詞多義/熟詞僻意現(xiàn)象adj客座的例子：Bravetheenemy’sgunfire,marchon,marchon,marchonononAmIadish？2.lustfor渴望e.g.Helustsforearningmoremoney，whileheendsupwithmore.3、matterv重要e.g.Itdoesmatter4、undergraduate15graduatepostgraduate（post-后）院graduateschool5、business-leaders-to-bewould-be-executivesCEO=chiefexecutiveofficer6、stareatglanceatglaregraduatepostgraduate（post-后）院graduateschool5、business-leaders-to-bewould-be-executivesCEO=chiefexecutiveofficer6、stareatglanceatglareatboomn繁榮babyboomer=hippies7、細(xì)節(jié)推斷題典型（2007.12text2）①Likemostpeople,I’velongunderstoodthatIwillbejudgedbymyoccupation.ThatmyprofessionisagaugepeopleusetoseehowsmartortalentedIam.Recently,however,IwasdisappointedtoseethatitalsodecideshowI’mtreatedasa.52.Theauthorwasdisappointedtofindthat .One’spositionisusedasagaugetomeasureone’sintelligencetalentedpeoplelikehershouldfailtogetarespectablejobC.one’soccupationaffectsthewayoneistreatedasaD.professionalstendtolookdownuponmanualworkers細(xì)節(jié)推斷題典型（2007.12text2）②LastyearIleftaprofessionalpositionasasmall-townreporterandtookajobwaitingtables.Assomeonepaidtoservefoodtopeople,IhadcustomerssayanddothingstomeIsuspectthey’dneversayordototheirmostcasualacquaintances.Onenightamantalkingonhiscellphonewavedmeaway,thenbeckoned（示意）mebackwithhisfingeraminutelatercomplaininghewasreadytoorderandaskingwhereI’dbeen.53.Whatdoestheauthorintendtosaybytheexampleinthesecondparagraph?Somecustomerssimplyshownorespecttothosewhoservethem.Peopleabsorbedinaphoneconversationtendtobeabsent-minded.Waitressesareoftentreatedbycustomersascasualacquaintances.Somecustomersliketomakeloudcomplaintsfornoreasonatall.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題典型（2007.12text2）16③Ihadwaitedtablesduringsummersincollegeandwastreatedlikeapeon（勤雜工）③Ihadwaitedtablesduringsummersincollegeandwastreatedlikeapeon（勤雜工）byplentyofpeople.Butat19yearsold,IbelievedIdeservedinferiortreatmentfromprofessionaladults.Besides,peoplerespondedtomedifferentlyafterItoldthemIwasincollege.CustomerswouldjokethatonedayI’dbesittingattheirtable,waitingtobeserved.54.Howdidtheauthorfeelwhenwaitingtablesattheageof19?Shefeltitunfairtobetreatedasamereservantbyprofessionals.Shefeltbadlyhurtwhenhercustomersregardedherasapeon.Shewasembarrassedeachtimehercustomersjokedwithher.Shefounditnaturalforprofessionalstotreatherasinferior.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題典型（2007.12text2）④OnceIgraduatedItookajobatacommunewspaper.Frommyfirstday,Iheardarespectfultonefromeveryonewhocalledme.Iassumedthiswasthewaytheprofessionalworldworked—cordially.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題典型（2007.12text2）⑤Isoonfoundoutdifferently.Isatseveralfeetawayfromanadvertisingsalesrepresentativewithasimilarname.OurcallswouldoftengetmixedupandsomeoneaskingforKristenwouldbetransferredtoChristie.Themistakewasimmediatelyevident.Perhapsitwasbecausemoneywasinvolved,butpeopleusedatonewithKristenthattheyneverusedwithme.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題典型（2007.12text2）⑥Myjobtitlemadepeopletreatmewithcourtesy.Soitwasashocktoreturntotherestaurantindustry.It’snosecretthatthere’salottoputupwithwhenwaitingtables,andfortunately,muchofitcanbeeasilyforgottenwhenyoupocketthetips.Theserviceindustry,bydefinition,existstocatertoothers’needs.Still,itseemedthatmanyofmycustomersdidn’tgetthedifferencebetweenserverandservant.55.Whatdoestheauthorimplybysaying“...manyofmycustomersdidn’tgetthedifferencebetweenserverandservant”(Lines3-4,Para.7)?Thosewhocatertoothers’needsaredestinedtobelookeddownupon.Thoseworkingintheserviceindustryshouldn’tbetreatedasservants.Thoseservingothershavetoputupwithroughtreatmenttoearnaliving.Themajorityofcustomerstendtolookonaservantasaservernowadays細(xì)節(jié)推斷題典型（2007.12text2）⑦I’mnowapplyingtograduateschool,whichmeanssomedayI’llreturntoaprofessionwherepeopleneedtobenicetomeinordertogetwhattheywant.IthinkI’lltakethemtodinnerfirst,andseehowtheytreatsomeonewhoseonlyjobistoservethem.56.Theauthorsaysshe’llonedaytakeherclientstodinnerinorderto .A)seewhatkindoftheyareexperiencethefeelingofbeingservedshowhergenerositytowardspeopleinferiortoherarousetheirsympathyforpeoplelivingahumblelife單詞積累：1、talent17giftedgenius2、serve---server---servante.g.Servethepeopleheartandsoul3、deservee.gUdeserveit你應(yīng)得的。giftedgenius2、serve---server---servante.g.Servethepeopleheartandsoul3、deservee.gUdeserveit你應(yīng)得的。/你活該。4、caterto迎合e.g.Moreandmorebookscatertopopularculture總結(jié)：細(xì)節(jié)推斷題?？键c1.列舉處?？紭?biāo)志詞：first…Second…Thirdsome…others2.舉例和打比方處?？紭?biāo)志詞：forexample，suchas，like，forinstance3.轉(zhuǎn)折后?？紭?biāo)志詞：but，yet，however，ontheotherhand，while處?？?.標(biāo)志詞：because，as，for，since人物論斷處?？?.詞匯指代題(句子理解題)詞匯指代題常見題干Theword“…”mostprobablymeans Theexpression“…”standsfor .Fromthepassage,wecaninferthattheword“…”is By“…”,thewriter(probably)means .Theauthorusesthephrase“…”toillustrate .18詞匯指代題解題猜？內(nèi)部邏輯外部邏輯構(gòu)詞法詞匯題解題一、內(nèi)部邏輯重述1.e.g.Ifwesodesire,wecansmoke,drinkexcessively,refusetowearseatbelts,eatwhatever詞匯指代題解題猜？內(nèi)部邏輯外部邏輯構(gòu)詞法詞匯題解題一、內(nèi)部邏輯重述1.e.g.Ifwesodesire,wecansmoke,drinkexcessively,refusetowearseatbelts,eatwhateverfoodswewant,andliveacompletelysedentarylife-stylewithoutanyexercise.To“l(fā)iveacompletelysedentarylife-style”inthepassagemeans .A.toliveaninactivelifeB.toliveadecentlifeC.tolivealifewithcompletefreedomD.tolifealiveofvice正確：C2、轉(zhuǎn)折和對比e.g.Thoughclassedwiththecarnivores,thegrizzlybearislargelyvegetarianandrarelyeatsflesh.Duringthesummerthesebearsareavidfishersandcombthewatersofmountainstreamsandriverstocatchsalmonswimmingupstream.Whatdoestheword"carnivore"mean?A)avegetableeaterB)aflesheaterC)afisherman D)atypeofbear正確 ：B3、舉例e.g.Todeterminetheconsequencesofsleepdeficit,researchershaveputsubjectsthroughasetofpsychologicalandperformancetestsrequiringthem,forinstance,toaddcolumnsofnumbersorrecallapassagereadtothemonlyminutesearlier.“We’vefoundthatifyou’reinsleepdeficit,performancesuffers,”saysDr.David.“Short-termmemoryisweakened,asareabilitiestomakedecisionsandtoconcentrate.”What’sthemeaningoftheword“subjects”intheparagraph?A．theperformancetestsusedinthestudyofsleepdeficitB．specialbranchesofknowledgethatarebeingstudiedC．peoplewhosebehaviororreactionsarebeingstudiedD．thepsychologicalconsequencesofsleepdeficit19正確 ：C4、因果（2008-12-56.） Whatdoestheauthorimplybysaying“currenciesdon’tturnonadime”正確 ：C4、因果（2008-12-56.） Whatdoestheauthorimplybysaying“currenciesdon’tturnonadime”（Line3,Para.7）?Thedollar’svaluewillnotincreaseintheshortterm.Thevalueofadollarwillnotbereducedtoadime.Thedollar’svaluewilldrop,butwithinasmallmargin.FewAmericanswillchangedollarsintoothercurrencies.原文Americantourists,however,shouldn’texpectanyreliefsoon.Thedollarloststrengththewaymanymarriagesbreakup—slowly,andthenallatonce.Andcurrenciesdon’tturnonadime.Soifyouwanttoavoidthepaininflictedbytheincreasinglypatheticdollar,cancelthatsummervacationtoEnglandandlooktoNewEngland.There,thedollarisstilltreatedwithalittlerespect.二、外部邏輯---常識e.g.Herbicides,likeallchemicalssprayedintheenvironment,havesomeadverseeffects.Notonlyhaveearthwormsandothersoilmicroorganismsbeenkilledbysomeherbicides,butalsomuchneededinsectpredatorshavebeendestroyedbythesechemicals