【2022】初中英語語法知識點總結(jié)及練習

一、初中英語語法歸納本文歸納了詞法、八種基本時態(tài)以及三大基本從句，是歷年中考英語必考語法點。（一）詞法名詞名詞的可數(shù)與不可數(shù)可數(shù)名詞指表示的人或事物可以用數(shù)來計量，它有單數(shù)與復數(shù)兩種形式。不可數(shù)名都成為不可數(shù)名詞。不可數(shù)名詞前一般不能用冠詞aan一個……”apieceof在英語里卻不可數(shù)。如：chalk，paper，bread，rice，grass，news等。名詞復數(shù)的規(guī)則變化一般情況下加-s。s,x,ch,sh,-esyyi再加-esf，fe結(jié)尾的，去掉ffev再加-es名詞的所有格單數(shù)名詞詞尾加’s，復數(shù)名詞詞尾若沒有s’s如：theworker'sbike，theChildren’sball’s則需在各個名字后’s。如：ThisisLucyandLicy’sroom.TheseareKate'sandjack’srooms.—s’。如：thestudents’books，thegirls’blouses(+of+’s+of+)代詞人稱代詞，物主代詞，反身代詞，指示代詞，不定代詞第一人稱單數(shù)Imemyminemyself復數(shù)weusouroursourselves第二人稱單數(shù)youyouyouryoursyourself復數(shù)youyouyouryoursyourselves第三人稱單數(shù)hehimhishissheherherhersherselfitititsitsitself復數(shù)theythemtheirtheirsthemselves物主代詞物主代詞的用法：形容詞性物主代詞后面一定要跟上一個名詞；名詞性物主代詞可作主語、表語、賓語。反身代詞反身代詞的構(gòu)成分兩種：第一、二人稱反身代詞在形容詞性物主代詞后加上self或selves，第三人稱反身代詞在賓格代詞后加上self或selves.Imyselfattheparty.;candoitmyself.指示代詞指示代詞的特殊用法：不可以。this，that有時可代替句子或句子中的一部分。不定代詞one,some,any,other,another,all,both,each,neither,many,much等冠詞不定冠詞an()的詞前，其余用不定冠詞a.定冠詞的基本用法用在重新提到的人或事物前面。指談話雙方都知道的人或事物前面。用在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前面，表示某一類人或事物。定冠詞的特殊用法用在世界上獨一無二的事物或方位名詞前。用在序數(shù)詞、形容詞的最高級及only所修飾的名詞前。用在江河、海洋、山脈、湖泊、群島的名稱前面。用在由普通名詞和另外一些詞所構(gòu)成的專有名詞前面。用在姓氏的復數(shù)形式前面，表示全家人或這一姓的夫婦二人。用在樂器名稱前。和某些形容詞連用，表示某一類人或事物。名詞前不用冠詞的情況在專有名詞()Festival組成的民間節(jié)日前要加the。表示一類人或事物的復數(shù)名詞前。名詞前有物主代詞、指示代詞、不定代詞或名詞所有格修飾時，不用冠詞。義不同。(sit)attable就餐;sitatthetable坐在桌邊gotoschool去上學;gototheschool去那所學校;inhospital住院;inthehospital在那個醫(yī)院里數(shù)詞數(shù)字的表示三位數(shù)數(shù)詞要在百位和十位(若無十位則和個位)之間加and。1，000以上的數(shù)字，從后向前第三位數(shù)加一個“，”，第一個“，”前為thousand，第二個“，”前為million，第三個“，”前為billion。first，second，third-th構(gòu)成。1分母序數(shù)詞要變成復數(shù)。hundreds(thousands，millions)of……形容詞、副詞形容詞的位置anythingserious。當形容詞帶有表示度量的詞或詞組作定語或表語時，定語或表語要后置。如：Wehavedugaholetwometersdeep.Theholeisabouttwometresdeep.形容詞的比較等級單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞，在詞尾加—(e)r，—(e)st來構(gòu)成比較級和最高級。其他雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞，在前面加more，most來構(gòu)成比較級和最高級。如：popular———morepopular———mostpopularimportant—moreimportant—mostimportant副詞的比較等級單音節(jié)副詞和個別雙音節(jié)副詞通過加-er，-est來構(gòu)成比較級和最高級。絕大多數(shù)副詞借助more，most來構(gòu)成比較級和最高級。少數(shù)形容詞和副詞比較/最高級的不規(guī)則變化原級 比較級 最高級well—— better—— bestbadly——worse—— worstmuch—— more—— mostlittle—— less—— leastfar—— farther—— farthest furthestlate—— later —— latest副詞的最高級前面可以不加定冠詞the。介詞表示時間的介詞及介詞短語in,at,on,beforaftetilsincfor,fromto,unti，binthemiddleoatthebeginningo，attheendoathalfpastfivatnightinaweeinthemornininclasatsunrise，inSaturdayawinterforalongtwothetimeof，attheageof表示地點的介詞及介詞短語in，at，into，to，on，beside，before，behind，above，under，outside,inside,up,from,far,from,near,across，off，down，among，past，between，outoarouninthefronto，inthemiddleo，atthebackoatthefootoathom，atthethetheontheatree，inthethesun，inthebed，onone’swayhome，bythesideof二. 八種基本時態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時概念:表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作或經(jīng)常存在的狀態(tài)。常和always,often,usually,sometimes,everyday等表時間的狀語連用。如：1)Igotoschooleveryday.我每天都去學校。(表經(jīng)常)2)Heisalwayslikethat.他總是那樣。(表狀態(tài))構(gòu)成：1)主語+be(am/are/is)+……2)主語+實義動詞/三單動詞+…一般過去時概念:1)表示過去某個時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài).常和表示過去的時間狀語連用.如:yesterday,lastweek,in1998,twodaysago等.如:Iwenttoamovieyesterday.我昨天去看了一場電影.2).如:Healwayswenttoworkbybikelast構(gòu)成:1)主語+be(was/were)+……2)主語+實義動詞過去式+現(xiàn)在進行時概念:表示現(xiàn)在(說話瞬間)正在進行或發(fā)生的動作.如:Heissinging.TheyarewatchingTVnow.構(gòu)成:主語+助動詞be(am/are/is)+動詞-ing形式構(gòu)成.過去進行時概念:表示過去某一時刻或某一段時間正在進行的動作.這一特定的過去時間除了有上下文暗示外,一般用時間狀語來表示.如:1)---Whatwereyoudoing?---Iwasjumping.2)---WhatwastheboydoingwhentheUFOarrived?---Hewassleeping.構(gòu)成:主語+助動詞be(was/were)+動詞-ing形式構(gòu)成.一般將來時概念:表示將來某個時間要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài),也表示將來經(jīng)?；蚍磸桶l(fā)生的動作,,如:tomorrow,nextweek,nextyear,inthefuture等.如:Hewillgoshoppingtomorrow.Theyaregoingtoplaybasketballnextweek.構(gòu)成:1)主語+助動詞will+動原+…2)主語+begoingto+動原+….過去將來時概念:表示在過去將來的某一時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài).構(gòu)成:1)主語(第一人稱)+助動詞should+動原+…主語+would+動原主語+was/weregoingto動原…用法:過去將來時除了上下文暗示外,一般常用在間接引語中,主句謂語動詞為過去時態(tài).如:1)Ishouldgo.YouknewIwouldcome.TheyweregoingtoNaning.現(xiàn)在完成時構(gòu)成:主語+助動詞(have/has)+動詞過去分詞+…用法例句表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果 .---Haveyouhadlunchyet?---Yes,Ihave.(現(xiàn)在我不餓了)過去完成時構(gòu)成:主語+助動詞had+動詞過去分詞+…用法例句表示過去在過去某一時間或動作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動作.它表示的動作發(fā)生的時間是””.表示過去某一時間可用by,before等構(gòu)成的短語,when,before,.Ihadfinishedmyhomeworkwhenmymomcamebackhome.三. 三大基本從從句的共同特點從句是指在一個句子中充當一個成分的句子，充當什么成分就叫什么從句，如：充當賓語就叫賓語從句，充當定語成分就叫定語從句。從以上定義中我們可以得出關(guān)于從句的一個最大特點：從句是句子。從句的共同特點：1.從句都有自己的連接詞2.從句都是陳述語序(陳述語序就是主語在前，謂語在后，如：Heisateacher主語He在謂語is之前，因此是陳述語序，而Isheateacher?主語He在謂語is之后，因此不是陳述語序。)賓語從句賓語從句是指在一個句子中充當賓語的句子，如：Hesaidthathewantedtobeateacherwhenhegrewup.賓語從句的特點：①賓語從句有自己的連接詞②賓語從句用陳述語序③賓語從句的時態(tài)賓語從句的連接詞：賓語從句的連接詞包括thatif/whether(是否詞。賓語從句的語序：),Iwanttoknowifhecometomorrowaskedmewhohadhelpedhim.賓語從句的時態(tài)，只要記住以下口訣就可以了觀真理一般現(xiàn)”選一種，如：1.HetellsmehelikesEnglishverymuch()過”的時態(tài)中任選一種，帶“過”字的時態(tài)分別是如：一般過去時，過去進行時，過去將來時，過去完成時。如：Hetoldmethathelikedplayingfootball(一般過去時):如：1.Hesaysthemoongoesaroundtheearth.狀語從句時間狀語從句：在一個句子中作時間狀語的句子。時間狀語的連接詞：when(當…時候)while(當…時候)as(當…時候)after(在…以后)before(在…以前)assoonas(一…就)since(自從…到現(xiàn)在)till/until(直到…才)bythetime(到…為止)依舊是連接詞后加陳述語序。舉例：when當…(Mozartstartedwritingmusicwhenhewasfouryearsold.原因狀語從句：在一個句子中作原因狀語的句子。連接詞：由連詞because,since,as引導,也可由for,nowthat等詞引導。舉例：Ididn’tgotoschoolyesterdaybecauseIwasill.連接詞：if如果,unless(=ifnot)除非。(讓步)舉例：Ifitdoesn’traintomorrow,wewillgohiking.目的、結(jié)果狀語從句目的狀語從句是指在一個句子中充當目的狀語的句子。結(jié)果狀語從句是指在一個句子中充當結(jié)果狀語的句子sothat,so…that,inorderthat引導。結(jié)果狀語從句連接詞so…that,such…that,somuch/many…that引導。舉例：so…that如此…以至于Thescientist’sreportwassoinstructivethatwewereallveryexcited.讓步狀語從句讓步狀語從句是指在句子中作讓步的狀語的句子連接詞：though,although.，whether…ornot舉例：Althoughheisrich,yetheisnothappy.3.nomatter從句結(jié)構(gòu)："nomatter+特殊疑問詞疑問詞+陳述語序"或"特殊疑問詞+后綴ever+陳述語序"如：Nomatterwhathappened,hewouldnotmind.注意：nomatter不能引導主語從句和賓語從句。定語從句定語是指在句子中用來修飾名詞、代詞的成分。如：如：Iwillgivemyteacherabunchofbeautifulflower.(中beautiful就是定語)定語從句是指在一個句子中作定語的句子，定語從句要放在所修飾的詞后如：IhavemetthedoctorwhoisintheNo.1hospital.定語從句的連接詞：連接代詞：who、which、whom、whose、that連接副詞：when、where、why二、初中英語語法重難點100單選案例Where UncleSunyesterday?was B.were C.did D.doesThey goingtoseeMr.Suntomorrow.is B.are C.am D.beSomeare intheriverandsomeare games.swiming,playing B.swimming,playingC.swimming,playing D.swimming,playingWhereisDick?He tothereading-room.hasbeen B.went C.hasgone D.goesMarkTwain,anAmericanwriter, everybodyhere.knows B.isknownas C.isknownto D.isknownforIhopehewillcometoseemebeforehe here.leaveB.leavesC.willleaveD.leftMyteachertoldmethatAustralians English.spoke B.speakC.speaks D.arespeakingIthinkshe rightnow.reading B.reads C.isreading D.read9 Wherearethechildren?----They agoodtimeinthegarden.A.arehaving B.have C.havehad D.had-----Where myglasses?Ican’tfindthem.----I themonthebookshelf,buttheyaren’tthere.A.youput,put B.youhaveput,haveputC.haveyouput,put D.didyouput,haveputWhenthepolicearrived,theman for10minutes.A.died B.wasdeath C.haddied D.hadbeendeadBythetimethistalkisover,we alotabouttheearth.A.willbelearning B.arelearningC.worldlearn D.willhavelearntTheteacherstoldmethatthey metosmoothawaythedifficulties.A.helped B.willhelp C.help D.weregoingtohelp14 Haveyouseenhimtoday?----Yes,I himthismorning.A.hasseen B.see C.willsee D.sawHe worriedwhenheheardthisnews.A.is B.was C.does D.didWhat’syourfriendgoing nextweek.A.doing B.do C.does D.todoIdon’tthinkthatit’strue.He’salways strangestories.A.tell B.telling C.told D.tellsHaveyouever WestHillFarm?A.goneto B.arrived C.cometo D.beentoHowlong he thenovel?A.has,borrowed B.has,keptC.has,lent D.is,usingHe todothislessonsateighteveryevening.A.isbegining B.isbeginning C.begin D.beginsThechildren aswimthisafternoon.A.aregoingtohas B.isgoingtohaveC.arehaving D.aregoingtohaveThere atelephonecallformybrotherStevenyesterday.A.is B.are C.was D.werehe onwellwithhisfriendsthisterm?A.Does,gets B.Does,getC.Is,getting D.Is,getingWho awaymypen?Ican’tfindit.A.haventaken B.takes C.hastaken D.tookShallwe footballthisSaturday?A.play B.playing C.plays D.toplayThechildren atschoolnow.A.is B.are C.was D.wereMr.Smith shortstories,buthe aTVplaythesedays.A.iswriting,iswriting B.iswriting,writesC.writes,iswriting D.writes,writesHesaidhe theleaguefortwoyears.A.hasjoined B.hasbeenin C.hadbeenin D.joinedShelikeswateringtreesinthegarden, she?A.doesn’t B.don’t C.isn’t D.didn’tWhat you todotokeeptheroomclean?A.do,have B.does,have C.did,have D.are,haveSomeflowers byKatealready.A.havebeenwatered B.watered C.havewatered D.hasbeenwateredWhenwintercomes,theleaves fall.A.aregoingto B.will C.willbe D.wouldI tothecinema.I thereeverySunday.A.go,go B.amgoing,go C.go,amgoing D.amgoing,amgoingYou aboutthefuturenow, you?A.don’tthink,don’t B.aren’tthinking,aren’t C.don’tthink,do D.aren’tthinking,areHewasafraidthathe hisway.A.wouldlost B.wouldlose C.isgoingto D.shallloseWe eachothersincehelefthere.A.didn’tsee B.hadn’tseen C.haven’tseen D.hadseenMr.Smith outforawalkintheparkeveryday.A.isgoing B.goes C.went D.goHe fromhomeforalongtime.A.hasgoneaway B.hadgoneawayC.hasleft D.hasbeenawayYoumustn’tgotoohigh,oryou dangerous.A.willbe B.are C.wouldbe D.isgoingtoWehaveknowneachother .A.sincewewereyoung B.afterwewereyoungC.whenweareyoung D.ifweareyoungShepromisedshe dobetterwork.A.would B.will C.shall D.isgoingtoHowlonghasthisshop ?A.beopen B.beenopenC.opened D.beenopenedMr.Smith heresincehemovedtohiscity.A.hadlived B.haveliveC.havelived D.haslived44 Haveyoureadthenewspaper?----No,Ihaven’t .A.too B.yet C.just D.alreadyOurknowledgeoftheuniverse allthetime.A.grow B.isgrowingC.grows D.grewShewon’tgotothecinemaifshe theworktomorrow.A.doesn’tfinish B.won’tfinish C.willfinish D.finishMygrandma forhalfayear.A.hasbeendead B.wasdead C.hasdied D.diedShe totheGreatWallseveraltimes.A.goes B.hasgone C.went D.hasbeenTheearth roundthesun.A.move B.moves C.moved D.willmoveLiuFengwei threeyuanforthelostlibrarybook.A.paid B.spent C.cost D.tookI thebikeforoverfouryears.A.havebought B.havebuy C.havehad D.boughtHetoldusthathe thatfactorythenextday.A.hadvisited B.hasvisited C.willvisit D.wouldvisitHismother thePartylastyear.She aPartymemberforayear.A.joined,was B.hasjoined,is C.joined,hasbeen D.hasjoined,hasbeenWedon’tknowifit thedayaftertomorrow.A.willrain B.rains C.rained D.wouldrainHesaidhe hislifeforhiscountry.A.give B.gave C.hadgiven D.wouldgiveHealways totheparkonSundaymorning.A.go B.goes C.went D.isgoingLook,thestudents totheteachercarefully.A.islistening B.arelistening C.listen D.listenedHe inthisschoolin1958.A.taught B.hastaught C.teaches D.hadtaughtTheysaidthey toEnglandthenextday.A.willfly B.hadflown C.wouldfly D.flewThey theworkintwodays.A.hadfinished B.wouldfinished C.isfinishing D.willfinishBytheendoflastweek,we twothousandwords.A.wouldlearn B.havelearned C.hadlearned D.werelearningWhenheleft,hismother .A.iscooking B.cooked C.wascooking D.cooksWe’llgotoplaywithsnowifit tomorrow.A.snow B.snows C.willsnow D.()64.There nomilkintheglass.A.have B.hasC.areD.isThetrain whenwegottothestation.A.hasjustleft B.hadjustleft C.leaves D.leftDrSmithisnotathome.He towork.A.hasgone B.hasbeen C.hadbeen D.hadgoneThatmanknowsalotaboutNewYork.Iheardhe before.A.hadgonetothecity B.hadbeeninthereC.hadbeenthere D.hadbeenNewYorkTheartist toEurope.Heistherenow.A.hasgone B.hasbeen C.hadgone D.hadbeenMissBrownsaidshe never toNorthChinabefore.A.has,gone B.has,been C.had,gone D.had,beenWhat yourgrandma thistimeyesterday?A.is,doing B.was,doing C.did,do D.had,doneI toseethefilmbecauseIhavelostmyticket.A.won’tgo B.didn’tgo C.don’tgo D.haven’tgoneThestudentswillhaveafootballmatchifit finenextSaturday.A.willbe B.wouldbe C.was D.isSheaskedmeifI thestorybefore.A.haveread B.hadread C.wouldread D.willreadWhat they ateightyesterdayevening?A.are,doing B.did,do C.have,done D.were,doingYoucan’tseehimnowbecausehe animportantmeeting.A.ishaving B.have C.has D.washavingI tomybrothersincelastsummer.A.didn’twrite B.hadn’twritten C.haven’twritten D.don’twriteLiPingwillvisittheGreatWallassoonashe free.A.willbe B.is C.was D.hasbeenOnedaywhenI thepostofficeI myuncle.A.pass,see B.waspassing,saw C.passed,saw D.pass,sawHe he somemistakesinthetest.A.said,willmake B.said,made C.said,hadmade D.said,makeThey tiredsotheystopped arest.A.are,have B.were,have C.were,tohave D.are,havingMyfather everyday.A.takesawalk B.tookwalk C.takeawalk D.istakingawalkMaryissevenyearsold.She eightnextyear.A.is B.will C.was D.willbeAtableandmanychairs madebyhimyesterday.A.was B.were C.arebeing D.wasbeingI’llgowithyouassoonasI mywork.A.willfinish B.shallfinish C.finish D.finishedTrees greeninspring.A.turn B.turns C.wouldturn D.isturningYesterdayI inbedalldaybe