狀語和狀語從句-課件

狀語和狀語從句AdverbialandAdverbialClause狀語和狀語從句AdverbialandAdverbial狀語的定義和作用狀語是修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子等的句子成分。狀語表示地點、時間、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、程度、方式、伴隨情況等。狀語的定義和作用狀語是修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子等的句2副詞作狀語Sheisplayingwiththedoghappily.她正在和那條狗快樂地玩耍。Johndrovetooslowly.約翰開車太慢。方式狀語方式狀語程度狀語副詞作狀語Sheisplayingwiththed3介詞短語作狀語HeiswatchingTVinthelivingroomwithhisfriends.Youcankeepthebookforthreedays.地點狀語伴隨狀語時間狀語介詞短語作狀語HeiswatchingTVinth4非謂語動詞短語作狀語地點狀語伴隨狀語目的狀語Shesattheredoingnothing.她坐在那里無所事事。Towinthebasketballgame,youmusthavegoodskills.非謂語動詞短語作狀語地點狀語伴隨狀語目的狀語Shesat5請找出下列句子中的時間狀語并說明其形式HewaswatchingTVthen.HewaswatchingTVatthattime.HewaswatchingTVatnineo’clockyesterdayevening.HewaswatchingTVwhenIcamebackhome.HewaswatchingTVwhileshewasreadingabook.副詞介詞短語介詞短語從句從句請找出下列句子中的時間狀語并說明其形式Hewaswatc6時間狀語從句：表示時間的狀語從句時間狀語從句原因狀語從句地點狀語從句目的狀語從句結(jié)果狀語從句條件狀語從句方式狀語從句比較狀語從句讓步狀語從句時間狀語從句：表示時間的狀語從句時間狀語從句時間地點原因目的結(jié)果條件讓步方式識別從句和連詞，說出狀語從句的類型Pleseturnoffthelightsbeforeyouleavetheclassroom.()2.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.()3.Hedoesn’tcomeherebecauseheisill.（）4.I’llspeakslowlysothatyoucanunderstandme.()5.Hewassocleverthathecouldsolvetheproblemsbyhimself.

()6.Ifyoudon’tloseheart,you’llsucceedintheend.()7.Thoughheiseighty,hestillworksinthefield.()8.WecanputonashortplayjustaswedoattheEnglishcorner.()時間地點原因目的結(jié)果條件讓步方式識別從句和連詞，說出狀語從句8時間狀語從句whenaswhilebeforeafteruntil(till)sinceassoonas時間狀語從句when9答案(省略)答案(省略)10注意：（1）when,as,whilewhen即可引導(dǎo)持續(xù)性動作，又可引導(dǎo)短暫性動作。它可以表示主句的動作和從句的動作同時發(fā)生，或從句的動作發(fā)生在主句動作之前。如：注意：11as引導(dǎo)持續(xù)性動作，側(cè)重主句和從句的動作同時發(fā)生。

Hehurriedhome,lookingbehindashewent.Isawyoursisterasshewasgettingonthebusyesterday.Hesangashewalked.as引導(dǎo)持續(xù)性動作，側(cè)重主句和從句的動作同時發(fā)12While：指的是“在某一時間里”，“在…期間”，從句里的動作必須是持續(xù)性的，它也強調(diào)主句和從句動作的同時發(fā)生，往往側(cè)重主句和從句動作的對比。While：指的是“在某一時間里”，“在…期間”，從句里的動13如：

WhilehewasinLondon,hestudiedmusic.

WhilewewerewatchingTV,hewaswritingacomposition.如：14while也可做并列連詞，表示對照的意思。如：Heistallwhilehisbrotherisshort.

當(dāng)when,as,while表示“在…一段時間里”，主從句的動作同時發(fā)生時，可以換用。如：

While(When或As)wewerediscussing,Mr.Smithcamein.while也可做并列連詞，表示對照的意思。如15

（2）如果when和before引導(dǎo)的從句位于主句之后，有時不能譯成“當(dāng)…時候”和“在…之前”，而要譯成“就”、“才”、“這時”等。如：ThestrugglelastedfouryearsbeforetheNorthwonintheend.（2）如果when和before引導(dǎo)的從句位于主句16Healmostknockedmedownbeforehesawme.IwaswalkinginthestreetwhenIsawhim.Healmostknockedmedo17(3)bythetime,eachtime,everytime,immediately,themoment,theinstant,theminute,soonafter,shortlyafter都可以作為連詞，引導(dǎo)時間狀語。如：

Bythetimehewasfourteen,hehadtaughthimselfadvancedmathematics.(3)bythetime,eacht18

Eachtimehecame,hewouldcallonme.Youmustshowhiminimmediatelyhecomes.IrecognizedhimthemomentIsawhim.Eachtimehecame,hew19講練結(jié)合:1.－DidyouremembertogiveMarythemoneyyouowedher?

－Yes.Igaveittoher______Isawher.A.while B.themoment C.suddenly D.once2.Ithoughtherniceandhonest______Imether.A.firsttime B.forthefirsttime C.thefirsttime D.bythefirsttime3.______enteredtheofficewhenherealizedthathehadforgottenhisreport.A.Hehardlyhad B.Hadhehardly C.Hardlyhadhe D.HardlyhehadBCC講練結(jié)合:BCC20小結(jié)：1．一些詞，如themoment,theminute,theinstant,immediately,directly,instantly,hardly…when,scarcely…when,nosooner…than等也可引導(dǎo)一個時間狀語從句，相當(dāng)于assoonas的意思。

Ididn’twaitamoment,butcameimmediatelyyoucalled.2．一些含有time的名詞短語，如everytime,eachtime,nexttime,bythetime等，以及theday,theyear,themorning等，也可引導(dǎo)一個時間狀語從句。

Thedayhereturnedhome,hisfatherwasalreadydead.Nexttimeyoucome,pleasebringyourcomposition.3.如果hardly或nosooner或scarcely置于句首，句子必須用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。

HardlyhadIgothomewhenitbegantorain.小結(jié)：21(4)till和until①如果主句謂語動詞是持續(xù)動詞，通常用肯定式的主句，表示“直到…為止”。如：

Iworkedtill(until)hecameback.(4)till和until22②如果主句謂語動詞是瞬間動詞，則用否定式的主句表示“直到…

才”。如：Ididn’tgotobeduntil(till)hecameback.②如果主句謂語動詞是瞬間動詞，Ididn’23③放在句首表示強調(diào)時一般用

until。如：Untilhereturns,nothingcanbedone.③放在句首表示強調(diào)時一般用Untilheretu24【小結(jié)】時間狀語從句常由下列連詞引導(dǎo)：when，whenever，as，while，before，after，since，assoonas，until，once。時間狀語從句還可由一些名詞（themoment,theinstant,everytime等）和副詞（instantly,directly等）連接。例如：I’lltelephoneyoutheinstantIknow.我一知道就立即給你打電話。EverytimeIcatchacold,mynoseruns.每次我感冒都流鼻涕。時間狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來。例如：Youwillgettoknowwhenyougrowup.你長大后就會了解?！拘〗Y(jié)】時間狀語從句常由下列連詞引導(dǎo)：when，whenev251.時間狀語從句1.Wewereswimminginthelake______suddenlythestormstarted.A.when B.while C.until D.before2.Hewasabouttotellmethesecret______someonepattedhimontheshoulder.A.as B.until C.while D.when3.Hetransplantedthelittletreetothegarden______itwasthebesttimeforit.A.where B.whenC.that D.until4.－DidJackcomebackearlylastnight?

－Yes.Itwasnotyeteighto’clock____hearrivedhome.A.BeforeB.whenC.that D.until5.Hewasabouthalfwaythroughhismeal______afamiliarvoicecametohisears.A.why B.where C.whenD.whileADBBC1.時間狀語從句ADBBC266.ThecostoflivinginGlasgowisamongthelowestinBritain,______thequalityoflifeisprobablyoneofthehighest.A.since B.whenC.as D.while7.______Iacceptthatheisnotperfect,Idoactuallyliketheperson.A.While B.SinceC.BeforeD.Unless連接詞while的用法小結(jié)

1.while引導(dǎo)的動作必須是持續(xù)性的，側(cè)重主句動作和從句動作相對比。如：

Pleasedon’ttalksoloudwhileothersareworking.2.while作為并列連詞，意為“而，卻”，表示對比。

3.while可表示盡管，相當(dāng)于although。DA連接詞while的用法小結(jié)DA272、原因狀語從句：通常由連詞：because,as,since,nowthat引導(dǎo)。區(qū)別是:because：表示“因為”，直接而明確的原因和理由，語氣最強，why提問的句子，一般都用because

回答。Hedidn’tcomebecausehewasill.2、原因狀語從句：通常由連詞：because,as,si28since：表示“既然”，語氣比because弱。Sinceyouarehere,youmustdoit.as：表示“因為”語氣比because輕，引導(dǎo)從句可放主句前也可放主句后。Youneedn’tgowithme,asyouarebusy.AsIwasafraid,Ihidmyself.since：表示“既然”，語氣比because弱。Since29nowthat意思與since相似，表示“既然”。

NowthatyouareinHighSchool,youwillprobablyspendmoreinreading.

Nowthatalltheguestshavearrived,let’shaveourdinner.nowthat意思與since相似，表示“既然”。30注意：①在強調(diào)句中強調(diào)原因狀語從句，只能用because引導(dǎo)，不可用as或

since，如：Itwasbecausehewasillthathedidn’tgowithus.注意：31②because可以引導(dǎo)表語從句,而

as,since不可以，這時狀語一般都是it,this,thatIt’sbecauseheistoolazy.②because可以引導(dǎo)表語從句,而It’sbecau32③for也表示“因為”，但是并列連詞，它連接的不是狀語從句，語氣比較強。Itmustbemorning,forthebirdsaresinging.③for也表示“因為”，但是并列Itmust33原因狀語從句becausesinceasfornowthatconsidering(that)seeing(that)既然考慮到／鑒于鑒于／由于／既然／因為原因狀語從句because既然考慮到／鑒于鑒于／由于／既然／343、地點狀語從句：通常由連詞where和wherever引導(dǎo)。如：Gobackwhereyoucamefrom.

Whereveryougo,youmustwritetoyourparents.

Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.

Wherethereistoomuch,thepoisonandwastemaydogreatharmtothethingsaroundus.3、地點狀語從句：通常由連詞where和wherever引導(dǎo)354、目的狀語從句：

通常由sothat,inorderthat,so…that,lest,incase（以防、免得）等引導(dǎo)：Hegotupearlyinorderthathecouldcatchtheearlybus.Shemarriedhimsothatshemighttendandcomforthim.Iexplainedagainandagainincaseheshouldmisunderstandme.4、目的狀語從句：通常由sothat,in36目的狀語從句引導(dǎo)詞sothatinorderthatincase（以防、免得）

forfearthat(生怕，以免）

lest(以免，免得)目的狀語從句引導(dǎo)詞sothat37Ihidthebooklest(=forfearthat)heshouldseeit.※【特別提醒】由lest，forfearthat引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句要使用虛擬語氣，由should＋動詞原形構(gòu)成。Ihidthebooklest(=forfear385、結(jié)果狀語從句：由sothat,so…that,such…that引導(dǎo)：

Itwasverycold,sothattheriverfroze.Thebookissowrittenthatitgivesaquitewrongideaofthefacts.Thereweresomanypeople(=suchalotofpeople)intheroomthatwecouldnotgetin.

Hemadesuchanexcellentspeechthateveryoneadmiredhim.5、結(jié)果狀語從句：由sothat,so…that,su396、條件狀語從句:

由if,unless,aslongas(=solongas)(只要),incase(that)(如果，萬一)等引導(dǎo)：

Ifplasticsandrubberareburned,theygiveoffpoisonousgases.6、條件狀語從句:由if,unless,a40Unlessyouworkhard,youwillfail,Youcangoout,aslongas(solongas)youpromisetobebackbeforeeleven.Unlessyouworkhard,y41IncaseIforget,pleaseremindmeaboutthat.

注意：條件狀語從句中的謂語動詞的時態(tài)不可用將來時，只能用現(xiàn)在時態(tài)或過去時態(tài)表示將來時。IncaseIforget,please427、方式狀語從句：由連詞：as,asif,asthough引導(dǎo)：

Theteachertoldthestudentstodoashedid.Leaveitasitis.Heheardanoise,asifsomeonewasbreathing.Isawthemanlookingabouthimasifhewishedtoimpressuponhismindeverything.7、方式狀語從句：由連詞：as,asif,astho43asif和asthough意義和用法大致一樣，引導(dǎo)的從句多用虛擬語氣，但也可用陳述語氣。HetreatsmeasifIwerehisownson.Hewalkedasifheweredrunk.

asif和asthough意義和用法大致一樣，448、比較狀語從句：

由連詞as…as,notso(as)…as,than等引導(dǎo)：Ihopeitwasasgoodastheoneyoulentme.Actuallytheoceanfloorarealmostasirregularastheexposedlandarea.8、比較狀語從句：由連詞as…as,not45Noonecanbemorefitforhisofficethanheis.Hecan’trunsofastasshe.Noonecanbemorefitf46注意：“the+比較級(接從句)，the+比較級(接主句)，這一句型也歸在比較狀語從句內(nèi)。如：

Themoreyoustudy,themoreyouknow.

Theharderwework,thehappierwefeel.注意：“the+比較級(接從句)，the+比較Th479、讓步狀語從句：

由though,although,as(雖然盡管),evenif,eventhough,wh-ever,nomatter-wh,whether引導(dǎo).9、讓步狀語從句：由though,alth48whateverwhoeverwhicheverwheneverwhereverhoweverwh-everwhateverwh-ever49nomatterwhonomatterwhatnomatterwhichnomatterwhennomatterwherenomatterhownomatterwh-nomatterwhonomatterwh-50

Thoughheisold,yetheisactive.

Althoughmostofthepeopleagreed,somewerenotwillingtoaccepted.

Proudasthenoblesare,heisafraidtoseeme.Wewouldn’tloseheartevenifweshouldfailtentimes.Thoughheisold,yethe51Whenever(=nomatterwhen)youcallonme,youarealwayswelcome.Wherever(nomatterwhere)youwork,youcanalwaysfindtimetostudy.Taketheoneyoulikebest,whichever(nomatterwhich)itis.Whenever(=nomatterwhe52NomatterwhatIsayorhowIsayit,healwaysthinksI’mwrong.Whetherhecomesornot,we’lldiscusstheproblemthisafternoon.NomatterwhatIsayor53注意：（1）讓步狀語從句在句中的位置可放前也可放后，有時還可以插在主句中間，前置時，強調(diào)主句內(nèi)容，后置時強調(diào)從句內(nèi)容。注意：54

（2）though與although同義，用法基本一樣，前者通俗，口語化；后者較正式，多放于句首，不能與but連用，但可以與yet,still（副詞）等連用，用來加強語氣。Though(Although)hewastired,yet(still)hewentonworking.（2）though與although同義，用法基本55（3）as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時從句部分語序要部分倒裝。如：Youngasheis,hecanreadandwriteinseveralforeignlanguage.（表語提前）（3）as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時從句部分Youn56

Childashewas,hehadtosupportthefamily.（表語名詞提前并常省去冠詞）

Surroundedaswewerebytheenemy,wemanagedtomarchforward.（表語名詞提前并常省去冠詞）Childashewas,hehad57對比訓(xùn)練與鞏固對比訓(xùn)練與鞏固1.Wewereabouttoleave____itbegantorain.2.ShethoughtIwastalkingaboutherson,____,infact,Iwastalkingaboutmyson.3.HardlyhadIfinishedmycomposition____thebellrang.A.whenB.whileC.asD.during對比訓(xùn)練１ABA1.Wewereabouttoleave____591.Child____sheis,sheknowsalot.2.Hedidtheexperiment____hewastold.3.Thepianosintheothershopwillbecheaper,butnot____good.

A.duringB.asC.soD.thoughE.bothBandC

對比訓(xùn)練２EBB1.Child____sheis,sheknow601.Hewouldhavealookatthebookstores____hewenttotown.2.Wedecidetofinishtheworkontime,____happens.3.Ifweworkwithastrongwill,weovercomeanydifficulty,____greatitis.4.I’llgivethebookto____likesEnglish.A.wheneverB.whoeverC.whateverD.however對比訓(xùn)練３ACDB1.Hewouldhavealookatthe61對比訓(xùn)練４1.Itwillbeyears____wemeetagain.2.Itistenyears____Icametothistown.3.Itistenyearsago____Icametothistown4.Itis1986____hisfirstnovelcameout.A.whenB.thatC.beforeD.sinceCDBA對比訓(xùn)練４1.Itwillbeyears____62對比訓(xùn)練5Goandgetyourcoat.Itis____youleftit.2.Youarefreetogo____youlike.A.thereB.whereC.whereverD.when

BC對比訓(xùn)練5Goandgetyourcoat.I631.ThearticleiswritteninsucheasyEnglish____allofuscanreadit.2.ThearticleiswritteninsucheasyEnglish____allofuscanread.A.thatB.whichC.asD.sothat對比訓(xùn)練6CA1.Thearticleiswrittenins64對比訓(xùn)練71.Ifweworkhard,wecanovercomeanydifficulty,nomatter____greatitis.2.Ifweworkhard,wecanovercomeanydifficulty,____greatitis.3.Ifweworkhard,wecanovercomeanydifficulty,____difficultyitis.4.Ifweworkhard,wecanovercomeanydifficulty,nomatter____difficultyitis.A.whatB.howC.howeverD.whateverBCDA對比訓(xùn)練71.Ifweworkhard,we65狀語的形式和位置在所有的語法范疇中，狀語的形式最多樣，它可以是單詞、詞組或從句；可以是副詞（短語）、介詞短語、分詞（短語）、動詞不定式（短語）、狀語從句等。與其他語法范疇相比，狀語的位置也最靈活，它可以出現(xiàn)在句首、句中或句末。例如：Immediatelyhereplied.（句首）Heimmediatelyreplied.（句中）Herepliedimmediately.（句尾）

狀語的形式和位置在所有的語法范疇中，狀語的形式最多樣，它可以66THANKYOU！THANKYOU！67狀語和狀語從句AdverbialandAdverbialClause狀語和狀語從句AdverbialandAdverbial狀語的定義和作用狀語是修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子等的句子成分。狀語表示地點、時間、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、程度、方式、伴隨情況等。狀語的定義和作用狀語是修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子等的句69副詞作狀語Sheisplayingwiththedoghappily.她正在和那條狗快樂地玩耍。Johndrovetooslowly.約翰開車太慢。方式狀語方式狀語程度狀語副詞作狀語Sheisplayingwiththed70介詞短語作狀語HeiswatchingTVinthelivingroomwithhisfriends.Youcankeepthebookforthreedays.地點狀語伴隨狀語時間狀語介詞短語作狀語HeiswatchingTVinth71非謂語動詞短語作狀語地點狀語伴隨狀語目的狀語Shesattheredoingnothing.她坐在那里無所事事。Towinthebasketballgame,youmusthavegoodskills.非謂語動詞短語作狀語地點狀語伴隨狀語目的狀語Shesat72請找出下列句子中的時間狀語并說明其形式HewaswatchingTVthen.HewaswatchingTVatthattime.HewaswatchingTVatnineo’clockyesterdayevening.HewaswatchingTVwhenIcamebackhome.HewaswatchingTVwhileshewasreadingabook.副詞介詞短語介詞短語從句從句請找出下列句子中的時間狀語并說明其形式Hewaswatc73時間狀語從句：表示時間的狀語從句時間狀語從句原因狀語從句地點狀語從句目的狀語從句結(jié)果狀語從句條件狀語從句方式狀語從句比較狀語從句讓步狀語從句時間狀語從句：表示時間的狀語從句時間狀語從句時間地點原因目的結(jié)果條件讓步方式識別從句和連詞，說出狀語從句的類型Pleseturnoffthelightsbeforeyouleavetheclassroom.()2.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.()3.Hedoesn’tcomeherebecauseheisill.（）4.I’llspeakslowlysothatyoucanunderstandme.()5.Hewassocleverthathecouldsolvetheproblemsbyhimself.

()6.Ifyoudon’tloseheart,you’llsucceedintheend.()7.Thoughheiseighty,hestillworksinthefield.()8.WecanputonashortplayjustaswedoattheEnglishcorner.()時間地點原因目的結(jié)果條件讓步方式識別從句和連詞，說出狀語從句75時間狀語從句whenaswhilebeforeafteruntil(till)sinceassoonas時間狀語從句when76答案(省略)答案(省略)77注意：（1）when,as,whilewhen即可引導(dǎo)持續(xù)性動作，又可引導(dǎo)短暫性動作。它可以表示主句的動作和從句的動作同時發(fā)生，或從句的動作發(fā)生在主句動作之前。如：注意：78as引導(dǎo)持續(xù)性動作，側(cè)重主句和從句的動作同時發(fā)生。

Hehurriedhome,lookingbehindashewent.Isawyoursisterasshewasgettingonthebusyesterday.Hesangashewalked.as引導(dǎo)持續(xù)性動作，側(cè)重主句和從句的動作同時發(fā)79While：指的是“在某一時間里”，“在…期間”，從句里的動作必須是持續(xù)性的，它也強調(diào)主句和從句動作的同時發(fā)生，往往側(cè)重主句和從句動作的對比。While：指的是“在某一時間里”，“在…期間”，從句里的動80如：

WhilehewasinLondon,hestudiedmusic.

WhilewewerewatchingTV,hewaswritingacomposition.如：81while也可做并列連詞，表示對照的意思。如：Heistallwhilehisbrotherisshort.

當(dāng)when,as,while表示“在…一段時間里”，主從句的動作同時發(fā)生時，可以換用。如：

While(When或As)wewerediscussing,Mr.Smithcamein.while也可做并列連詞，表示對照的意思。如82

（2）如果when和before引導(dǎo)的從句位于主句之后，有時不能譯成“當(dāng)…時候”和“在…之前”，而要譯成“就”、“才”、“這時”等。如：ThestrugglelastedfouryearsbeforetheNorthwonintheend.（2）如果when和before引導(dǎo)的從句位于主句83Healmostknockedmedownbeforehesawme.IwaswalkinginthestreetwhenIsawhim.Healmostknockedmedo84(3)bythetime,eachtime,everytime,immediately,themoment,theinstant,theminute,soonafter,shortlyafter都可以作為連詞，引導(dǎo)時間狀語。如：

Bythetimehewasfourteen,hehadtaughthimselfadvancedmathematics.(3)bythetime,eacht85

Eachtimehecame,hewouldcallonme.Youmustshowhiminimmediatelyhecomes.IrecognizedhimthemomentIsawhim.Eachtimehecame,hew86講練結(jié)合:1.－DidyouremembertogiveMarythemoneyyouowedher?

－Yes.Igaveittoher______Isawher.A.while B.themoment C.suddenly D.once2.Ithoughtherniceandhonest______Imether.A.firsttime B.forthefirsttime C.thefirsttime D.bythefirsttime3.______enteredtheofficewhenherealizedthathehadforgottenhisreport.A.Hehardlyhad B.Hadhehardly C.Hardlyhadhe D.HardlyhehadBCC講練結(jié)合:BCC87小結(jié)：1．一些詞，如themoment,theminute,theinstant,immediately,directly,instantly,hardly…when,scarcely…when,nosooner…than等也可引導(dǎo)一個時間狀語從句，相當(dāng)于assoonas的意思。

Ididn’twaitamoment,butcameimmediatelyyoucalled.2．一些含有time的名詞短語，如everytime,eachtime,nexttime,bythetime等，以及theday,theyear,themorning等，也可引導(dǎo)一個時間狀語從句。

Thedayhereturnedhome,hisfatherwasalreadydead.Nexttimeyoucome,pleasebringyourcomposition.3.如果hardly或nosooner或scarcely置于句首，句子必須用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。

HardlyhadIgothomewhenitbegantorain.小結(jié)：88(4)till和until①如果主句謂語動詞是持續(xù)動詞，通常用肯定式的主句，表示“直到…為止”。如：

Iworkedtill(until)hecameback.(4)till和until89②如果主句謂語動詞是瞬間動詞，則用否定式的主句表示“直到…

才”。如：Ididn’tgotobeduntil(till)hecameback.②如果主句謂語動詞是瞬間動詞，Ididn’90③放在句首表示強調(diào)時一般用

until。如：Untilhereturns,nothingcanbedone.③放在句首表示強調(diào)時一般用Untilheretu91【小結(jié)】時間狀語從句常由下列連詞引導(dǎo)：when，whenever，as，while，before，after，since，assoonas，until，once。時間狀語從句還可由一些名詞（themoment,theinstant,everytime等）和副詞（instantly,directly等）連接。例如：I’lltelephoneyoutheinstantIknow.我一知道就立即給你打電話。EverytimeIcatchacold,mynoseruns.每次我感冒都流鼻涕。時間狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來。例如：Youwillgettoknowwhenyougrowup.你長大后就會了解。【小結(jié)】時間狀語從句常由下列連詞引導(dǎo)：when，whenev921.時間狀語從句1.Wewereswimminginthelake______suddenlythestormstarted.A.when B.while C.until D.before2.Hewasabouttotellmethesecret______someonepattedhimontheshoulder.A.as B.until C.while D.when3.Hetransplantedthelittletreetothegarden______itwasthebesttimeforit.A.where B.whenC.that D.until4.－DidJackcomebackearlylastnight?

－Yes.Itwasnotyeteighto’clock____hearrivedhome.A.BeforeB.whenC.that D.until5.Hewasabouthalfwaythroughhismeal______afamiliarvoicecametohisears.A.why B.where C.whenD.whileADBBC1.時間狀語從句ADBBC936.ThecostoflivinginGlasgowisamongthelowestinBritain,______thequalityoflifeisprobablyoneofthehighest.A.since B.whenC.as D.while7.______Iacceptthatheisnotperfect,Idoactuallyliketheperson.A.While B.SinceC.BeforeD.Unless連接詞while的用法小結(jié)

1.while引導(dǎo)的動作必須是持續(xù)性的，側(cè)重主句動作和從句動作相對比。如：

Pleasedon’ttalksoloudwhileothersareworking.2.while作為并列連詞，意為“而，卻”，表示對比。

3.while可表示盡管，相當(dāng)于although。DA連接詞while的用法小結(jié)DA942、原因狀語從句：通常由連詞：because,as,since,nowthat引導(dǎo)。區(qū)別是:because：表示“因為”，直接而明確的原因和理由，語氣最強，why提問的句子，一般都用because

回答。Hedidn’tcomebecausehewasill.2、原因狀語從句：通常由連詞：because,as,si95since：表示“既然”，語氣比because弱。Sinceyouarehere,youmustdoit.as：表示“因為”語氣比because輕，引導(dǎo)從句可放主句前也可放主句后。Youneedn’tgowithme,asyouarebusy.AsIwasafraid,Ihidmyself.since：表示“既然”，語氣比because弱。Since96nowthat意思與since相似，表示“既然”。

NowthatyouareinHighSchool,youwillprobablyspendmoreinreading.

Nowthatalltheguestshavearrived,let’shaveourdinner.nowthat意思與since相似，表示“既然”。97注意：①在強調(diào)句中強調(diào)原因狀語從句，只能用because引導(dǎo)，不可用as或

since，如：Itwasbecausehewasillthathedidn’tgowithus.注意：98②because可以引導(dǎo)表語從句,而

as,since不可以，這時狀語一般都是it,this,thatIt’sbecauseheistoolazy.②because可以引導(dǎo)表語從句,而It’sbecau99③for也表示“因為”，但是并列連詞，它連接的不是狀語從句，語氣比較強。Itmustbemorning,forthebirdsaresinging.③for也表示“因為”，但是并列Itmust100原因狀語從句becausesinceasfornowthatconsidering(that)seeing(that)既然考慮到／鑒于鑒于／由于／既然／因為原因狀語從句because既然考慮到／鑒于鑒于／由于／既然／1013、地點狀語從句：通常由連詞where和wherever引導(dǎo)。如：Gobackwhereyoucamefrom.

Whereveryougo,youmustwritetoyourparents.

Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.

Wherethereistoomuch,thepoisonandwastemaydogreatharmtothethingsaroundus.3、地點狀語從句：通常由連詞where和wherever引導(dǎo)1024、目的狀語從句：

通常由sothat,inorderthat,so…that,lest,incase（以防、免得）等引導(dǎo)：Hegotupearlyinorderthathecouldcatchtheearlybus.Shemarriedhimsothatshemighttendandcomforthim.Iexplainedagainandagainincaseheshouldmisunderstandme.4、目的狀語從句：通常由sothat,in103目的狀語從句引導(dǎo)詞sothatinorderthatincase（以防、免得）

forfearthat(生怕，以免）

lest(以免，免得)目的狀語從句引導(dǎo)詞sothat104Ihidthebooklest(=forfearthat)heshouldseeit.※【特別提醒】由lest，forfearthat引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句要使用虛擬語氣，由should＋動詞原形構(gòu)成。Ihidthebooklest(=forfear1055、結(jié)果狀語從句：由sothat,so…that,such…that引導(dǎo)：

Itwasverycold,sothattheriverfroze.Thebookissowrittenthatitgivesaquitewrongideaofthefacts.Thereweresomanypeople(=suchalotofpeople)intheroomthatwecouldnotgetin.

Hemadesuchanexcellentspeechthateveryoneadmiredhim.5、結(jié)果狀語從句：由sothat,so…that,su1066、條件狀語從句:

由if,unless,aslongas(=solongas)(只要),incase(that)(如果，萬一)等引導(dǎo)：

Ifplasticsandrubberareburned,theygiveoffpoisonousgases.6、條件狀語從句:由if,unless,a107Unlessyouworkhard,youwillfail,Youcangoout,aslongas(solongas)youpromisetobebackbeforeeleven.Unlessyouworkhard,y108IncaseIforget,pleaseremindmeaboutthat.

注意：條件狀語從句中的謂語動詞的時態(tài)不可用將來時，只能用現(xiàn)在時態(tài)或過去時態(tài)表示將來時。IncaseIforget,please1097、方式狀語從句：由連詞：as,asif,asthough引導(dǎo)：

Theteachertoldthestudentstodoashedid.Leaveitasitis.Heheardanoise,asifsomeonewasbreathing.Isawthemanlookingabouthimasifhewishedtoimpressuponhismindeverything.7、方式狀語從句：由連詞：as,asif,astho110asif和asthough意義和用法大致一樣，引導(dǎo)的從句多用虛擬語氣，但也可用陳述語氣。HetreatsmeasifIwerehisownson.Hewalkedasifheweredrunk.

asif和asthough意義和用法大致一樣，1118、比較狀語從句：

由連詞as…as,notso(as)…as,than等引導(dǎo)：Ihopeitwasasgoodastheoneyoulentme.Actuallytheoceanfloorarealmostasirregularastheexposedlandarea.8、比較狀語從句：由連詞as…as,not112Noonecanbemorefitforhisofficethanheis.Hecan’trunsofastasshe.Noonecanbemorefitf113注意：“the+比較級(接從句)，the+比較級(接主句)，這一句型也歸在比較狀語從句內(nèi)。如：

Themoreyoustudy,themoreyouknow.

Theharderwework,thehappierwefeel.注意：“the+比較級(接從句)，the+比較Th1149、讓步狀語從句：

由though,although,as(雖然盡管),evenif,eventhough,wh-ever,nomatter-wh,whether引導(dǎo).9、讓步狀語從句：由though,alth115whateverwhoeverwhicheverwheneverwhereverhoweverwh-everwhateverwh-ever116nomatterwhonomatterwhatnomatterwhichnomatterwhennomatterwherenomatterhownomatterwh-nomatterwhonomatterwh-117

Thoughheisold,yetheisactive.

Althoughmostofthepeopleagreed,somewerenotwillingtoaccepted.

Proudasthenoblesare,heisafraidtoseeme.Wewouldn’tloseheartevenifweshouldfailtentimes.Thoughheisold,yethe118Whenever(=nomatterwhen)youcallonme,youarealwayswelcome.Wherever(nomatterwhere)youwork,youcanalwaysfindtimetostudy.Taketheoneyoulikebest,whichever(nomatterwhich)itis.Whenever(=nomatterwhe119NomatterwhatIsayorhowIsayit,healwaysthinksI’mwrong.Whetherhecomesornot,we’lldiscusstheproblemthisafternoon.NomatterwhatIsayor120注意：（1）讓步狀語從句在句中的位置可放前也可放后，有時還可以插在主句中間，前置時，強調(diào)主句內(nèi)容，后置時強調(diào)從句內(nèi)容。注意：121

（2）t