英語等級考試四級快速閱讀歷年真題訓(xùn)練

本文格式為Word版，下載可任意編輯——英語等級考試四級快速閱讀歷年真題訓(xùn)練Allthingsintheirbeingaregoodforsomething.以下是我為大家探尋整理的英語等級考試四級快速閱讀歷年真題練習(xí)，夢想能給大家?guī)矸鲋?更多精彩內(nèi)容請實時關(guān)注我們我!

ThestrivingofcountriesinCentralEuropetoentertheEuropeanUnionmayofferanunprecedentedchancetothecontinentsGypsiesorRomantoberecognizedasanation,albeitonewithoutadefinedterritory.Andiftheyweretoachievethattheymightevenseeksomekindofformalplace-atleastatotalpopulationoutnumbersthatofmanyoftheUnionspresentandfuturecountries.Someexpertsputthefigureat4m-plus;someproponentsofGypsyrightsgoashighas15m.

UnlikeJews,Gypsieshavehadnoknownancestrallandtoharkbackto.ThoughtheirlanguageisrelatedtoHindi,theirterritorialoriginsaremisty.Romanianpeasantsheldthemtobebornonthemoon.OtherEuropeanswronglythoughtthemmigrantEgyptians,hencethederivativeGypsy.MostprobablytheywereitinerantmetalworkersandentertainerswhodriftedwestfromIndiainthe7thcentury.

However,sincecommunisminCentralEuropecollapsedadecadeago,thenotionofRomanestanasalandlessnationfoundedonGypsyculturehasgainedground.TheInternationalRomanyUnion,whichsaysitstandsfor10mGypsiesinmorethan30countries,isfosteringtheideaof"self-rallying'.Itistryingtopromoteastandardandwrittenformofthelanguage;itwavesaGypsyflaggreenwithawheelwhenitlobbiesinsuchplacesastheUnitedBations;andinJulyitheldacongressinPrague,TheCzechcapital.WherePresidentVaclavHavelsaidthatGypsiesinhisowncountryandelsewhereshouldhaveabetterdeal.AtthecongressaSlovak-bornlawyer,EmilScuka,waselectedpresidentoftheInternationalTomanyUnion.LaterthismonthagroupofelectedGypsy

politicians,includingmembersofparliament,mayorsandlocalcouncilorsfromalloverEuropeOSCE,todiscusshowtopersuademoreGypsiestogetinvolvedinpolitics.

TheInternationalRomanyUnionisprobablythemostrepresentativeoftheoutfitsthatspeakforGypsies,butthatisnotsayingalot.Oftheseveralhundreddelegateswhogatheredatitscongress,fewweredemocraticallyelected;oddly,nonecamefromHungary,whoseGypsiesareperhapstheworldsbestorganized,withsome450Gypsybodiesadvisinglocalcouncilsthere.Theuniondid,however,announceitsambitiontosetupaparliament,buthowitwouldactuallybeelectedwasleftundecided.

Sofar,theEuropeanCommissioniswaryofencouragingGypsiestopresentthemselvesasanation.Themight,itisfeared,openaPandorasboxalreadycontainingBasques,Corsicansandotherawkwardpeoples.Besides,acknowledgingGypsiesasanationmightbackfire,justwhenseveralcountries,particularlyHungary,SlovakiaandtheCzechRepublic,arebeginningtotreatthembetter,inordertoqualifyforEUmembership."TheEUswholepremiseistoovercomedifferences,nottohighlightthem,'saysanervousEurocrat.

ButtheideathattheGypsiesshouldwinsomekindofspecialrecognitionasEuropeslargestcontinentwideminority,andonewithaterriblehistoryofpersecution,iscatchingon.Gypsieshavesufferedmanypogromsoverthecenturies.InRomania,thecountrythatstillhasthelargestnumberofthemmorethan1m,inthe19thcenturytheywereactuallyenslaved.Hitlertriedtowipethemout,alongwiththeJews.

"GypsiesdeservesomespacewithinEuropeanstructures,'saysJanMarinusWiersma,aDutchmanintheEuropeanParliamentwhosuggeststhatoneofthecurrentcommissionersshouldberesponsibleforGypsyaffairs.SomeprominentGypsiessaytheyshouldbemoredirectlyrepresented,perhapswithaquotaintheEuropeanParliament.That,theyargue,mightgivethemaboost.Therearemovesafoottohelpthemtogetmoneyfor,amongotherthings,aGypsyuniversity.

OnebigsnagisthatEuropesGypsiesare,infact,extremelyheterogeneous.Theybelongtomanydifferent,andoftenantagonistic,clansandtribes,withnocommonlanguageorreligion,Theirself-proclaimedleadershaveoftenprovedquarrelsomeandcorrupt.Still,says,DimitrinaPetrova,headoftheEuropeanRomaRightsCenterinBudapest,Gypsiessharedexperienceofsufferingentitlesthemtotalkofonenation;theirpotentialunity,shesays,stemsfrom"beingregardedassub-humanbymostmajoritiesinEurope.'

Andtheyhavebeguntobeabitmorepragmatic.InSlovakiaandBulgaria,forinstance,Gypsypoliticalpartiesaretryingtoformelectoralblocksthatcouldwinseatsinparliament.InMacedonia,aGypsypartyalreadyhassome-andevenrunsamunicipality.NicholasGheorge,anexpertonGypsyaffairsattheOSCE,reckonsthat,spreadoverCentralEurope,therearenowabout20GypsyMPSandmayors,400-oddlocalcouncilors,andagrowingnumberofbusinessmenandintellectuals.Thatisfarfromsayingthattheyhavethepeopleorthecashtoforgeanation.But,withtheGypsyquestionontheEUsagendainCentralEurope,theyaremakingground.

1.albeit盡管，雖然

2.outnumber數(shù)字上超過

3.et