被動語態(tài)ppt語法

(一)語態(tài)分類英語動詞有兩種語態(tài)，主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者，被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。如：Theywillbuildanewbridgeovertheriver.(主動)Anewbridgewillbebuiltovertheriver.(被動)漢語中常用“被”、“給”、“由”、“受”等詞用來表示被動，而英語用：助動詞be+及物動詞的過去分詞構(gòu)成。被動語態(tài)常用的八種時態(tài)1.一般現(xiàn)在時：Peoplegrowriceinthesouthofthecountry.Riceisgrowninthesouthofthecountry.Theschooldoesn'tallowustoenterthechemistrylabwithoutateacher.Wearenotallowedtoenterthechemistrylabwithoutateacher.2.一般過去時：Theyagreedonthebuildingofanewcarfactorylastmonth.Thebuildingofanewcarfactorywasagreedonlastmonth.Thestudentsdidn'tforgethislessonseasily.Hislessonswerenoteasilyforgotten.3.一般將來時：Theywillsendcarsabroadbysea.Carswillbesentabroadbysea.Theywillgiveplentyofjobstoschool-leavers.Plentyofjobswillbegiventoschool-leavers.4.過去將來時：Themanagersaidtheywouldcompletetheprojectbytheendoftheyear.Themanagersaidtheprojectwouldbecompletedbytheendoftheyear.Theworkerstoldmetheywouldmendthecarassoonaspossible.Theworkerstoldmethatthecarwouldbemendedassoonaspossible.5.現(xiàn)在進行時：TheradioisbroadcastingEnglishlessons.Englishlessonsarebeingbroadcastontheradio.Wearepaintingtherooms.Theroomsarebeingpainted.6.過去進行時：—Whydidn'ttheydrivethereontime?—Becausetheworkersweremendingtheroad.Becausetheroadwasbeingmended.Thistimelastyearwewereplantingtreeshere.Treeswerebeingplantedherethistimelastyear.7.現(xiàn)在完成時：Someonehastoldmethesportsmeetmightbeputoff.

Ihavebeentoldthesportsmeetmightbeputoff.Wehavebroughtdowntheprice.Thepricehasbeenbroughtdown.8.過去完成時：WhenIgottothetheatre,Ifoundtheyhadalreadysoldoutthetickets.WhenIgottothetheatre,Ifoundtheticketshadalreadybeensoldout.Thewholecountrywasverysadatthenewsofhisdeath;Peoplehadconsideredhimtobeagreatleader.

Hehadbeenconsideredtobeagreatleader.9.含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)：含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)是由“情態(tài)動詞+be+及物動詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。Youmusthandinyourcompositionsafterclass.Yourcompositionsmustbehandedinafterclass.Hecanwriteagreatmanyletterswiththecomputer.Agreatmanyletterscanbewrittenwiththecomputerbyhim.被動語態(tài):我們知道,被動語態(tài)是由be+done(動詞的過去分詞)構(gòu)成的

被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成比較10:動詞不定式的被動語態(tài)betodo----betobedonebegoingtodo---begoingtobedoneBeabouttodo---beabouttobedoneEg:Heistoreadanovel

AnovelistobereadbyhimTheyaregoingtoholdameetingtomorrow.Ameetingisgoingtobeheldtomorrow.Theyareabouttoshootthemurderer.Themurderdrisabouttobeshotbythem.(1)Thepolicefoundthatthehouse____andalotofthings_________.A.hasbrokeninto;hasbeenstolenB.hadbrokeninto;hadbeenstolenC.hasbeenbrokeninto;stolenD.hadbeenbrokeninto;stolen(2)Ifcitynoises______fromincreasing,people______shouttobeheardevenatthedinnertable20yearsfromnow.A.arenotkept;willhavetoB.arenotkept;havetoC.donotkeep;willhavetoD.donotkeep;havetoDPracticeA(3)---______thesportsmeetmightbeputoff.---Yes,italldependsontheweather.A.I’vebeentoldB.I’vetoldC.I’mtoldD.Itold(4)Themathsproblem______amongthestudentssoon.A.isabouttobediscussB.isgoingtobediscussedC.istodiscussD.isgoingtohavebeendiscussedAB(一)語態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換時要注意的問題1.把主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，其謂語動詞的時態(tài)要與原句時態(tài)保持一致，其謂語動詞的數(shù)要與新主語保持一致。

Wehaveboughtanewcomputer.Anewcomputerhasbeenbought.(正確)Anewcomputerhavebeenbought.(錯誤)

2.含有雙賓語的主動句變被動句時，可分別將其中的一個賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，另一個不動，一般變間接賓語為主語時比較多。

Myunclegavemeapresentonmybirthday.Iwasgivenapresentonmybirthday.

如果把直接賓語(指物)改為主語，則在間接賓語(指人)前加適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~，如上句還可以說：

Apresentwasgiventomeyesterday.保留賓語注意：一般在下列動詞后，常在間接賓語前用介詞to，如：

bring,give,lend,offer,pass,promise,sell,show,teach,tell等。

Thecupwithmixturewasshowedtotheclass.

Mybikewaslenttoher.一般在下列動詞后，間接賓語前用介詞for,如：

buy,cook,choose,fetch,get,,make,order,等。

Mothermademeanewskirt.(Anewskirtwasmadeforme.)

Themeatwascookedforus.

3.由動詞+介詞或副詞構(gòu)成的短語動詞，要把它們作為整體看，即把它們看成一個及物動詞，介詞或副詞不可拆開或漏掉這類動詞有l(wèi)aughat,operateon,lookafter,makefunof,makeuseoftakecareof,,carryout,,giveup,handin,pointout,putaway,putoff,turndown,workout,talkabout等。Thepatientisbeingoperatedon.Theproblemissolved.Itneedn'tbetalkedabout.

Hisrequestwasturneddown.Thesportsmeetwillbeputoffbecauseofthebadweather.Achildistakengoodcareof4.帶復(fù)合賓語(賓語+賓補)的動詞改為被動語態(tài)時，一般把主動結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語改為主語，而賓語補足語保留在謂語動詞后面。如：a,動詞+賓語+adjWealwayskeeptheclassroomclean.

→Theclassroomisalwayskeptclean.b,動詞+賓語+nTheychoseTomcaptain.→Tomwaschosencaptainc.動詞+賓語+todo

Shetoldustofollowherinstructions.

→Weweretoldtofollowherinstructions.

d,動詞+賓語+doingIfoundhimlyingonthefloor→hewasfoundlyingonthefloore,動詞+賓語+donewefoundallourseatsoccupied.→allourseatswerefoundoccupied.注意：在see,watch,hear,notice,listento,lookat,make,feel等動詞后作賓語補足語的動詞不定式都不帶to，但改成被動語態(tài)后都帶to，Weoftenhearhimplaytheguitar.

→Heisoftenheardtoplaytheguitar.Hismothermakeshimcleantheroomeveryday.→Heismadetocleantheroomeveryday.（二）某些動詞用主動表被動？1.Thepicturelooksbeautiful.這里的look是表狀態(tài)特征的連系動詞，它后面要求跟形容詞或名詞構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)，其主動形式表被動含義。感官系動詞一般用主動形式表示被動意義，如：feel，look,seem,taste,sound,remain,turnout,smell等。—Doyoulikethematerial?—Yes,itfeelsverysoft.TheflowerslookbeautifulWhathesaidsoundsreasonable.Theroses

smellsweet.Themedicinetastesbitter.誤：Itisfeltverysoft.Thefoodtastesdelicious.誤：Thefoodistasteddelicious.Thepopmusicsoundsbeautiful.誤：Thepopmusicissoundedbeautiful

2.有些動詞既是及物又是不及物，當(dāng)它們和well,badly,easily等副詞連用時，表示主語內(nèi)在品質(zhì)或性能，是不及物動詞，用主動表示被動，這時不用被動語態(tài)，常見的有：write,read,clean,sell,dry,wash,cook,wear等。如：Theclothwasheseasily.這布很好洗。

SomesilkswashwellThenewproductsellswell.這新產(chǎn)品很暢銷。Thepenwritessmoothly.這支筆寫字很流暢。Thepoemreadsfluently./ Theshoeswear

well.Thepapertears

easilyThiskindofclothdriedeasily對比：Thebookssellwell.(主動句)Thebooksweresoldout.(被動句)Themeatdidn’tcookwell.(主動句)Themeatwascookedforalongtimeoverlowheat.(被動句)3.want,need,require作“需要”解時及beworth,inneedof后接動詞，常用動名詞的主動形式表被動含義。Eg:1:Theflowerneeds/wants/requireswatering.Yourhairneeds/wants/requirescuttingThecomputerneeds/wants/requiresreqairing2:Thefilm/musicisworthlisteningto.3:Histeachingmethodisin

needofimproving4.不定式在某些形容詞后作狀語且和句子的主語（或賓語）構(gòu)成邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系時：Thesentenceiseasytounderstand.Shefoundtheproblemhardtodealwith.TheboxisheavytoliftThepictureispleasanttolookatThenovelisinterestingtoread此類形容詞：difficult,comfortable,pleasant,fit,interesting,unfit,light,heavy,dangerous,etc.5.不定式作名詞的后置定語，和被修飾的名詞有邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，同時和該句主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，不定式常用主動形式表被動含義：Shehadonlyacoldroomtolivein.Ihaveameetingtoattend.IhavealotofhomeworktodoShehasmanychildrentolookafterIgavehimacaketoeatIgavehimabooktoread第一，一些不及物動詞短語沒有被動語態(tài)，如：takeplace,comeabout,breakout,belongto,consistof,addupto,comeintobeing,cometrue,turnout等。如：Thefirebrokeoutinthecapitalbuilding.誤：Thefirewasbrokeoutinthecapitalbuilding.GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChina.誤：GreatchangeshavebeentakenplaceinChina.第二，不及物動詞沒有被動語態(tài)，如：rise,happen,succeed,remain,lie等。Whenwegottothetopofthemountain,thesunhadalreadyrisen.誤：Thesunhadalreadybeenrisen.Aftertheearthquake,fewhousesremained.誤：Aftertheearthquake,fewhouseswereremained.（三）下列情況主動句不能改為被動句例如：

據(jù)說…… Itissaid/thoughtthat…

據(jù)報導(dǎo)…… Itisreportedthat…

據(jù)推測…… Itissupposedthat…

希望…… Itishopedthat…

眾所周知…… Itiswellknownthat…

普遍認為…… Itisgenerallyconsideredthat…

有人建議…… Itissuggestedthat…1)Itisreportedthatitisgoingtoraintomorrow.2)ItiswellknownthatThomasEdisoninventedtheelectriclamp.3)ItissaidthatMr.GreenhasarrivedinBeijing.（四）在漢語中，有一類句子不出現(xiàn)主語，在英語中一般可用被動結(jié)構(gòu)來表示（五）英語中一些詞的被動結(jié)構(gòu)表主動意義bedressedin,beseatedin/at/beside/nexttobeaddictedto,bedeterminedtobedevotedto,beabsorbedin,bedisappointedat,belostin,beengagedin/beoccupiedin,befacedwithEg:1.Sheisseatedonthesofa.2.Addictedtosurfingtheinternet,theboyoftenescapesfromclasses.3.Determinedtogiveupsmoking,hethrewawayhisremainingcigarettes.4.Disappointedatfailinginthemathexam,Kentawouldn’tliketotalkaboutittohisparents.5.Judithlayonthesofa,absorbedinherbook.（六）介詞in,on,under+名詞短語表被動意義常見的有：undercontrol,undertreatment,underrepair,underdiscussion,underconstruction,beyondbelief,beyondone’sreach,beyondone’scontrol,inprint,insight,onsale,onshow,ontrial,outofcontrol,outofsight,outofone’sreach,outoffashion,.Eg:1.Thebuildingisunderconstruction(isbeingconstructed)2.Theplanewasoutofcontrol(can’tbecontrolled)3.Theroadisunderrepair(isbeingrepaired)4.Todaysometreasuresareonshow(arebeingshown)inthemuseum.1.Thenewdictionariesareveryuseful.They____welland____already.sell;havebeensoldoutB.sold;hadsoldoutC.sell,selloutaresold;havebeensoldout2.IsawDaveinliftthismorning.----Really?He___aroundhereforalongtime.A.won’tbeseenB.wasn’tseeC.hasn’tbeenseenD.hadn’tbeenseen3.Thewindowisdirty.----Iknow.It___forweeks.hasn’tcleanedB.didn’tcleanC.wasn’tcleanedD.hasn’tbeencleaned4.Thehero’sstory___differentlyinthenewspapers.wasreportedB.wasreportingreportsD.reported5.Whydidyouleavethatposition?----I___abetterpositionatIBM.offerB.offeredC.amofferedD.wasoffered6.Morethanadozenstudentsinthatschool___abroadtostudymedicinelastyear.A.sentB.weresentC.hadsentD.hadbeensent7.Thepoliceman’sattentionwassuddenlycaughtbyasmallboxwhich___placedundertheMinister’scar.hasbeenB.wasbeingC.hadbeenD.wouldbe8.Millionsofpounds’worthdamage____byastormwhichsweptacrossthenorthofEnglandlastnight.A.hasbeencausedB.hadbeencausedC.willbecausedD.willhavebeencaused9.Whentheoldman___towalkbacktohishouse,thesun____itselfbehindthemountain.started;hadalreadyhiddenhadstarted;hadalreadyhiddenC.hadstarted;washidingD.wasstarting;hid10.Thewater___coolwhenIjumpedintothepoolformorningexercise.A.wasfeltB.isfeltC.feltD.feels11.Themomentthe28thOlympicGames___open,thewholeworldcheered.A.declaredB.havebeendeclaredC.havedeclaredD.weredeclared12.MrGreenstoodupindefenceofthe16-year-oldboy,sayingthathewasnottheone____.A.blamedB.blamingC.toblameD.tobeblamed13.Inaroomabovethestore,whereaparty____,someworkerswerebusilysettingthetable.A.wastobeheldB.hasbeenheldC.willbeheldD.isbeingheld14.Idon’tsupposethepoliceknowwhodidit.---Wellsurprisinglytheydo.Amanhasbeenarrestedand____now.A.hasbeenquestionedB.isbeingquestionedC.isquestioningD.hasquestioned15.Thenewtypeofcellphone___betterifitisadvertisedonTV.A.willsellB.sellsC.wouldsellD.sold16.Thebridgewhich______lastyearlooksreallybeautiful.A.wasbuilt B.built C.wassetup D.hadbeenbuilt17."Thiscloth_____welland_____long.""Ok.I'lltakeit."A.washes/lasts B.iswashed/lasted C.washes/islasted D.iswashing/lasting18.Anexhibitionofpaintings____atthemuseumnextweek.A.aretobeheldB.istobeheldC.areholding D.willhold19.I'msorry,sir.Yourrecorderisn'treadyyet.It_____inthefactory.A.isbeingrepairedB.isrepairedC.hasbeenrepaired D.hasn'trepaired20.Everypossiblemeans

,butnoneprovesuccessful.A.hastriedB.hasbeentriedC.isbeingtriedD.tried21.Mylittlesisterhasbrokenmywatch. ----Mywatch_____bymylittlesister.A.isbrokenB.hasbrokenC.havebeenbroken D.hasbeenbroken22.HewascleaninghisroomwhenIenteredthehouse.----Hisroom_____byhimwhenIenteredtheroom.A.wasbeingcleanedB.wascleanedC.wasbeingcleaningD.hasbeencleaned23.IshallhaveFinishedreadingthenovelbydinnertime.----Thisnovel_____reading(byme)bydinnertimeA.willhavefinished.B.willhasbeenfinishedC.willhavebeingfinishedD.willhavebeenfinished24.Yououghttokeepthesethreeroomsclean.----Thesethreerooms______(byyou).areoughtedtokeepcleanB.oughttokeptcleanC.oughttobekeptcleanD.oughttohavebeenkeptclean1.Thenewdictionariesareveryuseful.They____welland____already.sell;havebeensoldoutB.sold;hadsoldoutC.sell,selloutaresold;havebeensoldout2.IsawDaveinliftthismorning.----Really?He___aroundhereforalongtime.A.won’tbeseenB.wasn’tseeC.hasn’tbeenseenD.hadn’tbeenseen3.Thewindowisdirty.----Iknow.It___forweeks.hasn’tcleanedB.didn’tcleanC.wasn’tcleanedD.hasn’tbeencleaned4.Thehero’sstory___differentlyinthenewspapers.wasreportedB.wasreportingreportsD.reported5.Whydidyouleavethatposition?----I___abetterpositionatIBM.offerB.offeredC.amofferedD.wasoffered6.Morethanadozenstudentsinthatschool___abroadtostudymedicinelastyear.A.sentB.weresentC.hadsentD.hadbeensent7.Thepoliceman’sattentionwassuddenlycaughtbyasmallboxwhich___placedundertheMinister’scar.hasbeenB.wasbeingC.hadbeenD.wouldbe8.Millionsofpounds’worthdamage____byastormwhichsweptacrossthenorthofEnglandlastnight.A.hasbeencausedB.hadbeencausedC.willbecausedD.willhavebeencaused9.Whentheoldman___towalkbacktohishouse,thesun____itselfbehindthemountain.started;hadalreadyhiddenhadstarted;hadalreadyhiddenC.hadstarted;washidingD.wasstarting;hid10.Thewater___coolwhenIjoinedintothepoolformorningexercise.wasfeltB.isfeltC.feltD.feels11.Themomentthe28thOlympicGames___open,thewholeworldcheered.declaredB.havebeendeclaredC.havedeclaredD.weredeclared12.MrGreenstoodupindefenceofthe16-year-oldboy,sayingthathewasnottheone____.blamedB.blamingC.toblameD.tobeblamed13.Inaroomabovethestore,whereaparty____,someworkerswerebusilysettingthetable.A.wastobeheldB.hasbeenheldC.willbeheldD.isbeingheld14.Idon’tsupposethepoliceknowwhodidit.---Wellsurprisinglytheydo.Amanhasbeenarre