2023新課標(biāo)版英語高考第二輪復(fù)習(xí)-專題七　語法填空-高考真題

2023新課標(biāo)版英語高考第二輪復(fù)習(xí)第二部分語法知識應(yīng)用

專題七語法填空Passage1(2021北京)AWhydowedream?ScientistsarenDtcompletelysure,andtheyhavediverse1(idea).Dreamsmightbeasideeffectofmemorymaking.Whenyousleep,yourbrainsortsthrougheverything2happenedduringtheday,tryingtolinknewexperiencestooldmemories.Asit3(connect)things,yourbrainturnsthemintoastory,andyougetadream.BSamisanin-real-lifestreamer(播主),andhelivestreamshimselfjustgoingabouthisday.Whileridinghisbikehome4acoldnight,hecameacrossasad-lookingelderlywomanwanderingthestreetsbyherself.ThepoorwomanwasnDtabletogivehimanyinformationabout5shelived.Samwalkedhertoanearbyconveniencestoresothatshecould6(safe)waitforthepolicetotakeherhome.CThere7(be)adramaticriseinthenumberofextremeweathereventsoverthepast20years,8(cause)largelybyrisingglobaltemperatures,accordingtoanewreportfromtheUnitedNations.From2000to2019,therewere7,348majornaturaldisastersaroundtheworld,9(result)inUSD2,970billionineconomicloss.Muchofthisincreasecanbeduetoclimatechange.Thefindingsshowacriticalneed10(invest)indisasterprevention.答案語篇解讀本文為說明文，主題語境是人與自我，主題語境內(nèi)容是做夢。文章主要闡述了人做夢的緣由。1.ideas解題指導(dǎo)考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。關(guān)注句意所透出的名詞的數(shù)的形式。解析 句意:科學(xué)家不是完全確定，并且他們有不同的觀點(diǎn)。由diverse可知,此處應(yīng)該用所給詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，即ideas,.that解題指導(dǎo)考查定語從句。關(guān)注句意及句式結(jié)構(gòu)。解析句意:當(dāng)你睡覺時(shí),你的大腦整理了白天所發(fā)生的一切，盡量把新的經(jīng)歷和舊的記憶聯(lián)系起來。分析該處句式結(jié)構(gòu)并結(jié)合句意可知,此處引導(dǎo)定語從句;再分析定語從句成分可知，定語從句缺少主語，再由前面的先行詞everything為不定代詞可知，此處只能填thato知識拓展在定語從句中，如果先行詞是指物的不定代詞，如everything、something、anything、nothing>alKlittle,alittle等，且定語從句中缺少主語、賓語或表語的時(shí)候,定語從句的關(guān)系代詞只能用that,不能用whicho.connects解題指導(dǎo)考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。關(guān)注句式結(jié)構(gòu)、整個(gè)語篇的時(shí)態(tài)及句子描述的情境。解析句意:當(dāng)你的大腦連接事物時(shí),它就會把它們變成一個(gè)故事，然后你就得到一個(gè)夢了。結(jié)合整個(gè)語篇的時(shí)態(tài)基調(diào)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，再分析此處是個(gè)狀語從句，主句的時(shí)態(tài)用的是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),故從句的時(shí)態(tài)也應(yīng)該用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，由主語為it且connect與主語為主動(dòng)關(guān)系可知，此處應(yīng)填connects0難句分析原句:Whenyousleep,yourbrainsortsthrougheverythingthathappenedduringtheday,tryingtolinknewexperiencestooldmemories.分析:本句中when引導(dǎo)的是時(shí)間狀語從句,主句是‘"yourbrainsortsthrougheverythingthathappenedduringtheday,tryingtolinknewexperiencestooldmemories”,在主句里面有一■個(gè)由that引導(dǎo)的定語從句,修飾前面的先行詞everything□譯文:當(dāng)你睡覺時(shí),你的大腦整理了白天所發(fā)生的一切，盡量把新的經(jīng)歷和舊的記憶聯(lián)系起來。B語篇解讀本文為記敘文，主題語境是人與社會,主題語境內(nèi)容是人際關(guān)系、社會交往。文章主要敘述了薩姆幫助一個(gè)老婦人回家的事情。.on解題指導(dǎo)考查介詞。關(guān)注句意及句子描述的情境。解析句意:當(dāng)他在一個(gè)寒冷的夜晚騎車回家時(shí)，他遇到一個(gè)獨(dú)自一人在街道游蕩、愁容滿面的老婦人。這里指在“一個(gè)寒冷的夜晚”，故前面應(yīng)該用on。.where解題指導(dǎo)考查賓語從句。關(guān)注句意及句式結(jié)構(gòu)。解析句意:老婦人無法向薩姆提供任何有關(guān)她住處的信息。分析該處句式結(jié)構(gòu)并結(jié)合句意可知，此處引導(dǎo)賓語從句;再分析賓語從句成分并結(jié)合賓語從句意思可知，賓語從句缺少地點(diǎn)狀語，故此處應(yīng)填where。.safely解題指導(dǎo)考查副詞。關(guān)注句意及所給詞后面的動(dòng)詞。解析句意:薩姆陪同她走到附近的一個(gè)便利店以便她能安全地等候警察來帶她回家。由句意及所給詞后面的動(dòng)詞可知，此處應(yīng)該用所給詞的副詞形式，即safely。知識拓展walksb.tosomeplace意為“陪伴/護(hù)送某人走到某處”,為固定用法,這里的walk為及物動(dòng)詞，意為“陪伴……走，護(hù)送……走”。難句分析原句:Samwalkedhertoanearbyconveniencestoresothatshecouldsafelywaitforthepolicetotakeherhome.分析:這是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句。主句部分是:Samwalkedhertoanearbyconveniencestore,后面是由“sothat''引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句。譯文:薩姆陪伴她走到附近的一個(gè)便利店以便她能安全地等候警察來帶她回家。C語篇解讀本文為說明文，主題語境是人與自然，主題語境內(nèi)容是氣候變化與自然災(zāi)害。文章主要闡述了近二十年全球氣候變化導(dǎo)致了大量的自然災(zāi)害的發(fā)生。.hasbeen 解題指導(dǎo)考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。關(guān)注句中的關(guān)鍵性時(shí)間狀語。解析句意:根據(jù)聯(lián)合國的一份新報(bào)告:在過去的二十年，出現(xiàn)了極端天氣事件數(shù)量的急劇增多,這很大程度上是由全球氣溫不斷上升所導(dǎo)致的。由句中的關(guān)鍵性時(shí)間狀語"overthepast20years”可知,此處應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。.caused 解題指導(dǎo)考查動(dòng)詞的非謂語形式。關(guān)注句意、句子結(jié)構(gòu)及句中關(guān)鍵詞。解析分析整個(gè)句子可知,盡管句子很長，但它只是個(gè)簡單句，故該處不能填謂語動(dòng)詞，只能填動(dòng)詞的非謂語形式;由空后的關(guān)鍵詞by并結(jié)合句意可知，此處應(yīng)填過去分詞caused,表示被動(dòng)。.resulting 解題指導(dǎo)考查動(dòng)詞的非謂語形式。關(guān)注句意和句子結(jié)構(gòu)。解析 句意:從2000年到2019年，全球共有7,348次嚴(yán)重的自然災(zāi)害，導(dǎo)致29,700億美元的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失。分析整個(gè)句子可知，句子前面是“therebe”句型,后面用現(xiàn)在分詞表示結(jié)果。.toinvest 解題指導(dǎo)考查動(dòng)詞的非謂語形式。關(guān)注句意和句子結(jié)構(gòu)。解析 分析句子可知，這里的need為名詞，意為“需要、需求”，后面應(yīng)該用動(dòng)詞不定式形式作后置定語，修飾needo難句分析原句:Therehasbeenadramaticriseinthenumberofextremeweathereventsoverthepast20years,causedlargelybyrisingglobaltemperatures,accordingtoanewreportfromtheUnitedNations.分析:這是一個(gè)簡單句。句子前面是“therebe”句型,后面的過去分詞短語“causedlargelybyrisingglobaltemperatures”作后置定語，修飾前面的"rise"。譯文:根據(jù)聯(lián)合國的一份新報(bào)告:在過去的二十年，出現(xiàn)了極端天氣事件數(shù)量的急劇增多，這很大程度上是由全球氣溫不斷上升所導(dǎo)致的。Passage2(2020浙江)Sometimeafter10,000BC,peoplemadethefirstrealattempttocontroltheworldtheylived1,throughagriculture.Overthousandsofyears,theybegantodependlesson2couldbehuntedorgatheredfromthewild,andmoreonanimalstheyhadraisedandcropstheyhadsown.Farmingproducedmorefoodperperson3huntingandgathering,sopeoplewereabletoraisemorechildren.And,asmorechildrenwerebom,morefood4(need).Agriculturegavepeopletheirfirstexperienceofthepoweroftechnology 5(change)lives.Byabout6000BC,people6(discover)thebestcropstogrowandanimalstoraise.Later,theylearnedtoworkwiththe7(season),plantingattherighttimeand,indryareas,8(make)useofannualfloodstoirrigate(灌*既)theirfields.Thisstyleoffarminglastedforquitealongtime.Then,with9riseofscience,changesbegan.Newmethods10(mean)thatfewerpeopleworkedinfarming.Inthelastcenturyorso,thesechangeshaveaccelerated.Newpowermachineryandartificialfertilizers(化月巴)havenowtotallytransformedawayoflifethatstartedintheStoneAge.答案［語篇解讀］本文是一篇說明文。主題語境是人與社會。文章介紹了從人類逐漸減少依靠狩獵生活，逐步發(fā)展起農(nóng)業(yè)，到使用新型機(jī)械和人工肥料的現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)的過程。l.in考查介詞。根據(jù)文章中句子的結(jié)構(gòu)可知,theylived為限制性定語從句，先行詞為world。將先行詞代入定語從句后，應(yīng)為theylivedintheworld,故填in0.what考查賓語從句。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)介詞后的賓語從句，且設(shè)空處在從句中作主語，表示“什么"，故填what0.than考查介詞。題干中的"more”有比較含義，故填than。.wasneeded考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。主語與謂語之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，并且講述的是過去的事情，故填wasneeded?5.tochange考查不定式。此處不定式作定語，修飾power,根據(jù)thepowertodosth.可知此處填不定式。6.haddiscovered考查時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)Byabout6000BC可知應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)。7.seasons考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。根據(jù)常識，一年有四季，可知此處應(yīng)填名詞復(fù)數(shù)。8.making考查分詞。句中己經(jīng)有了謂語動(dòng)詞learned,make和句子的主語they是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故填makingo9.the考查冠詞。設(shè)空處特指科學(xué)的發(fā)展，故填the。lO.meant考查時(shí)態(tài)。設(shè)空處講述的是過去的事情，故填meant。Passage3(2020北京)AOliverisahostofaTVprogrammeonfood.Hesaysfood1.(play)abigroleinhislift."Mymumwasagreatcook,andshe*dsometimesletmehaveatryJhesaid.ThefirstdishOliverpreparedforhisfamilywasfriedchickenwings.Hemadeitwithhismum'shelp.Oliversaysifyou're2.(luck)enoughtohavesomeoneclosetoyouwhoenjoyscooking,askthem3.youcanjoininwhenit'spossible.BSingle-useplasticbagsareusedatmostafewtimesbeforethey4.(throw)away.Ittakesthemhundredsofyears5.(break)down.Manyofthesebagsendupintheoceanwherelargeronescantrapseacreatures,suchasturtlesanddolphins.Overtime,thebagsfallapart6.countlesstinypieces,andfishcanaccidentallyeatsomeofthem.Now,lotsof7.(country)andregionsaretakingactiontobanthesaleofsuchbagstostoppeopleusingthem.CApieceofstone8.(find)onaDutchbeachsuggeststhatourextincthumanrelatives,knownasNeanderthals,wereclevererthanpreviouslythought.TheNeanderthals9.(live)alongsidehumanancestorsinEuropefortensofthousandsofyears,beforedyingoutabout40,000yearsago.Theyweremuchstrongerthanmodernhumans,butit'slongbeenassumedthathumanancestorswere10.(smart)thantheNeanderthals.However,thestonetoolmadebyNeanderthalssuggestsotherwise.答案A［語篇解讀］本文為記敘文。主題語境為人與自我。本文講述了美食電視節(jié)目的主持人奧利弗對美食的態(tài)度。本文旨在使讀者更加熱愛生活。1.plays/hasplayed/isplaying/hasbeenplaying本題考查時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)主句謂語動(dòng)詞says(一般現(xiàn)在時(shí))及本句語境可知設(shè)空處需用現(xiàn)在的某種時(shí)態(tài)，可用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。2.1ucky本題考查形容詞。設(shè)空處作表語，表示“幸運(yùn)的”,故填形容詞lucky。f/whether本題考查賓語從句。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)賓語從句，意為“是否"，故填if或whether。B［語篇解讀］本文為說明文。主題語境為人與自然。本文主要介紹了一次性塑料袋對生態(tài)環(huán)境的危害。本文旨在提高讀者的環(huán)保意識。.arethrown句意:一次性塑料袋至多使用幾次就被扔掉。本題考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。設(shè)空處所在句子說的是現(xiàn)在的情況，需用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí);從句主語they與throw為被動(dòng)關(guān)系,需用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，故填arethrown..tobreak句意:它們需要幾百年才能分解。本題考查非謂語動(dòng)詞?！癐ttakes+sb./sth.+一段時(shí)間+todo”為固定句型，故填不定式too/to句意:隨著時(shí)間的推移，那些袋子會分解成無數(shù)的小碎片，魚會不小心吃掉其中的一些。設(shè)空處前為動(dòng)詞短語，設(shè)空處后為名詞復(fù)數(shù)，由此可判斷設(shè)空處需用介詞;設(shè)空處與fallapart連用，表示“分解成”,故填into或too.countries句意:現(xiàn)在，許多國家和地區(qū)正在采取行動(dòng)禁止銷售這樣的袋子，以阻止人們使用它們。設(shè)空處與后面的regions并列作主語,由此可判斷設(shè)空處需用名詞形式;根據(jù)設(shè)空處前的lotsof可知設(shè)空處需用名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式，故填countriesoC［語篇解讀］本文為說明文。主題語境為人與社會。在荷蘭海灘上發(fā)現(xiàn)的一塊石頭表明，已經(jīng)滅絕的人類的近親尼安德特人比我們之前認(rèn)為的更聰明。.found句意:在荷蘭海灘上發(fā)現(xiàn)的一塊石頭表明，已經(jīng)滅絕的人類的近親尼安德特人比我們之前認(rèn)為的更聰明。本題考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。被修飾詞stone與find為邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且設(shè)空處表示的動(dòng)作“已經(jīng)完成”,故填過去分詞found?.1ived/hadlived/hadbeenliving句意:尼安德特人與人類祖先一起在歐洲生活了數(shù)萬年，直到大約4萬年前滅絕。設(shè)空處所在句子說的是過去的事情，故設(shè)空處需用過去的某種時(shí)態(tài)，再根據(jù)本句的時(shí)間狀語“fbrtensofthousandsofyears”可知設(shè)空處可用一般過去時(shí)、過去完成時(shí)或過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。lO.smarter句意:他們比現(xiàn)代人類強(qiáng)壯得多，但長期以來人們一直認(rèn)為人類祖先比尼安德特人聰明。根據(jù)設(shè)空處后的than可知設(shè)空處需用形容詞比較級作表語，故填smarter。Passage4（2019北京）AOnthefirstdayofmyfirstgrade,Istoodbythedoorwithbutterfliesinmystomach.I1.(voice)mybiggestconcerntomymother,tfcHowwillImakefriends?^^Shehandedmeadvice,"Beyourself."Forthepast20years,Ihavelivedbythesewords.SoonIwillgraduateandbecomepartoftherealworld.Nervously2.(face)challenges,IknowIwillwhisperto3.(I)thetwosimplewords“Beyourself'.BEarthDay,4.(mark)on22April,isanannualeventaimingtoraisepublicawarenessaboutenvironmentalprotection.Firstcelebrated5.1970,theDaynowincludeseventsinmorethan190countriesandregions(地區(qū)).Nomatterwhatyouliketodo,thereisawaytogetinvolvedinvarious6.(activity)onEarthDay.Youcanplantatree,makeamealwithlocallygrownvegetables,orsavepower—thepossibilitiesareendless.CDoesthenameofthecollegeyouattendreallymatter?Researchonthequestion7.(suggest)that,formoststudents,itdoesn't.Whatstudentsdoatcollegeseemstomattermuchmorethan8.theygo.Thestudentsbenefittingmostfromcollegearethose9.aretotallyengaged(參與)inacademiclife,takingfulladvantageofthecollege'schancesandresources(資源).Studentsshouldhaveaproperattitudetowardscollegebeforethinkingaboutwhichcollegetoattend,andit*snevertooearlytomakenecessarypreparationsforahealthyand10.(meaning)collegeexperience.答案A［語篇解讀］本文為記敘文，主題語境是人與自我。本文有助于提升學(xué)生自身素養(yǎng),擁有正確處理問題的能力。本文記述了作者從自己一年級的經(jīng)歷中學(xué)到:在面對困難時(shí),要做好自己。.voiced考查時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)上文Onthefirstdayofmyfirstgrade可知此處是指發(fā)生在過去的事情,故用一般過去時(shí)。.facing考查現(xiàn)在分詞。句意:當(dāng)緊張地面對挑戰(zhàn)的時(shí)候,我知道我將低聲對自己說這兩個(gè)簡單的詞“Beyourselfo現(xiàn)在分詞facing作狀語，解釋說明在什么情況下說“Beyourself'?.myself考查反身代詞。此處指低聲對自己說，句子的主語和賓語指同一個(gè)人，故設(shè)空處應(yīng)該填myself。B［語篇解讀］本文為說明文，主題語境是人與自然。本文旨在提升學(xué)生的環(huán)保意識。文章介紹了地球日，并且倡議我們每個(gè)人盡一份力，讓我們的地球變得更好。.marked考查過去分詞。marked為過去分詞，在句中作定語,說明地球日被慶祝的時(shí)間。5.in考查介詞。句意:地球日首次慶祝于1970年,現(xiàn)在它包括在190多個(gè)國家和地區(qū)舉辦的活動(dòng)。具體在哪一年用介詞in。6.activities考查名詞。句意:無論你想做什么，在地球日這一天，都有一種參與各種活動(dòng)的方式。根據(jù)句中various可知，設(shè)空處應(yīng)用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。C［語篇解讀］本文為說明文，主題語境是人與社會。文章提到大學(xué)生在大學(xué)期間怎么做，做什么很重要，積極參加大學(xué)的各種活動(dòng)會讓學(xué)生受益匪淺。7.suggests/suggested/hassuggested考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意:對這個(gè)問題的研究表明,對大部分學(xué)生來說無所謂。根據(jù)itdoesn't可知是現(xiàn)在的情況，故suggest用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，但該從句所表達(dá)的是客觀事實(shí),故主句謂語動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)也可以。.where考查名詞性從句。句意:學(xué)生們在大學(xué)里所做的事似乎要比他們上哪所大學(xué)重要得多。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)賓語從句，該從句缺少地點(diǎn)狀語，故填whereo.who/that考查定語從句。句意:從大學(xué)中最受益的學(xué)生是那些全力地參與學(xué)術(shù)生活，同時(shí)充分利用大學(xué)機(jī)會和資源的人。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)定語從句，先行詞是those,指人，關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語，指代學(xué)生，故此處填關(guān)系代詞who或thato.meaningful考查形容詞。為健康且有意義的大學(xué)經(jīng)歷做必要的準(zhǔn)備，越早越好。collegeexperience是名詞短語,應(yīng)該用形容詞來修飾，且設(shè)空處所填詞和healthy并列,故設(shè)空處應(yīng)用meaning的形容詞形式meaningful?高級詞塊l.withbutterfliesinone'sstomach心慌，緊張2.raisepublicawarenessabout…提高公眾對 的認(rèn)識長難句Thestudentsbenefittingmostfromcollegearethosewhoaretotallyengagedinacademiclife,takingfulladvantageofthecollege'schancesandresources.從大學(xué)中最受益的學(xué)生是那些全力地參與學(xué)術(shù)生活，同時(shí)充分利用大學(xué)機(jī)會和資源的人。這是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句。主句是Thestudentsbenefittingmostfromcollegearethoseothose是先行is］,whoaretotallyengagedinacademiclife是定語從句。takingfulladvantageofthecollege'schancesandresources為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語,補(bǔ)充說明學(xué)生所做的活動(dòng)。Passage5（2017課標(biāo)全國I）Therehasbeenarecenttrendinthefoodserviceindustrytowardlowerfatcontentandlesssalt.Thistrend,whichwasstartedbythemedicalcnmmunily（醫(yī)學(xué)界）1amethodoffightingheartdisease,hashadsomeunintendedside2(effect)suchasoverweightandheartdisease-theverythingthemedicalcommunitywastryingtofight.Fatandsaltareveryimportantpartsofadiet.Theyarerequired3(process)thefoodthatweeat,torecoverfrominjuryandforseveralotherbodilyfunctions.Whenfatandsalt4(remove)fromfood,thefoodtastesasifitismissingsomething.As5result,peoplewilleatmorefoodtotrytomakeupforthatsomethingmissing.Even6(bad),theamountoffastfoodthatpeopleeatgoesup.Fastfood7(be)fulloffatandsalt;by8(eat)morefastfoodpeoplewillgetmoresaltandfatthantheyneedintheirdiet.Havingenoughfatandsaltinyourmealswillreducetheurgetosnack(吃點(diǎn)心)betweenmealsandwillimprovethetasteofyourfood.However,be9(care)nottogotoextremes.Likeanything,itispossibletohavetoomuchofboth,10isnotgoodforthehealth.答案［語篇解讀］本文為說明文。主題語境為人與自我。本文介紹了低脂低鹽食品對健康可能會造成的負(fù)面影響，并對影響的成因進(jìn)行了分析。l.as考查介詞。此處缺少表達(dá)“作為”意義的介詞，故填as。.effects考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。sideeffect為可數(shù)名詞，根據(jù)前面的some可知，應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。.toprocess考查不定式。根據(jù)requiresth.todosth.以及其被動(dòng)形式sth.berequiredtodosth.可知此處填動(dòng)詞不定式。.areremoved考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致。結(jié)合語境可知，狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài),fatandsalt作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式,主語與remove之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故填areremoved0.a考查冠詞。asaresult結(jié)果;因此。.worse考查副詞。evenworse更糟的是，此句與上句提到的情況相比較,故用比較級。.is考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。根據(jù)語境可知，此處用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，主語fastfood為不可數(shù)名詞，故系動(dòng)詞用is?.eating考查動(dòng)名詞。by在此處為介詞，表示方式，故后面接動(dòng)名詞形式作by的賓語。.careful考查形容詞。設(shè)空處在系動(dòng)詞be之后作表語,故填形容詞。.which考查定語從句。設(shè)空處指代前面的主句，引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，故填which。Passage6(2017課標(biāo)全國II)In1863thefirstundergroundpassengerrailwayintheworldopenedinLondon.Itranforjustundersevenkilometersandallowedpeopletoavoidterrible1(crowd)ontheroadsaboveastheytravelledtoand2work.Ittookthreeyearstocompleteandwasbuiltusinganinterestingmethod.Thisincludeddigginguptheroad,3(lay)thetrackandthenbuildingastrongroofover4top.Whenallthosehadbeendone,theroadsurfacewasreplaced.Steamengines5(use)topullthecarriagesanditmusthavebeen6(fair)unpleasantforthepassengers,withallthesmokeandnoise.However,therailwayquicklyprovedtobeagreatsuccessandwithinsixmonths,morethan25,000peoplewereusing7everyday.Later,engineers8(manage)toconstructrailwaysinasystemofdeeplunnels(隧道),whichbecameknownastheTube.Thisdevelopmentwasonlypossiblewiththe9(introduce)ofelectric-poweredenginesandlifts.TheCentralLondonRailwaywasoneofthemost 10(success)ofthesenewlines,andwasopenedin19(X).Ithadwhite-paintedtunnelsandbrightredcarriages,andprovedextremelypopularwiththepublic.答案［語篇解讀］本文為說明文。主題語境為人與社會。文章介紹了世界上第一條地鐵——倫敦地鐵的起源以及它逐步成為大眾所喜愛的交通方式的發(fā)展歷程。.crowds考查名詞。avoid“避免”后可跟名詞或動(dòng)名詞作賓語。因?yàn)榇丝涨坝行稳菰~terrible修飾，故排除動(dòng)名詞形式;crowd作“人群”講時(shí)，為可數(shù)名詞，且前面無冠詞限制，故需用復(fù)數(shù)形式。.from考查介詞。由語境可知此處指“上下班(toandfix)mwork)”,為固定表達(dá)。aying考查動(dòng)名詞作賓語。由上文中的includeddigging和下文的andthenbuilding可知，此處用動(dòng)名詞作included的賓語。.the考查冠詞。此處是說地鐵開挖、鋪軌完成后,要進(jìn)行最后的筑頂。此處表示特指，因此應(yīng)用定冠詞the。.wereused考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致。主語Steamengines和use之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且由上文可知敘述的是過去發(fā)生的事，故需用一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài);又因主語是名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，故be動(dòng)詞需用were。.fairly考查副詞。修飾形容詞unpleasant需用副詞形式，故填fairly。7.it考查代詞。此處指代上文中提到的therailway,需用代詞it。8.managed考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。此處敘述的是過去的事情，需用一般過去時(shí)，故答案為動(dòng)詞的過去式。Q.introduction考查名詞。由空前的定冠詞可知，此處需用名詞形式。lO.successful考查形容詞。此處為“oneofthe+形容詞最高級”結(jié)構(gòu)。Passage7(2017課標(biāo)全國KI)Shelookslikeanyotherschoolgirl,fresh-facedandfulloflife.SarahThomasislookingforwardtothechallengeofhernewA-levelcourse.Butunlikeherschoolfriends,16-year-oldSarahisnotspendinghalf-term1(rest).Instead,sheisearning￡6,500adayas2modelinNewYork.Sarah3(tell)thatshecouldbeBritain'snewsupermodel,earningamilliondollarsinthenextyear.HerfatherPeter,44,wantshertogiveupschooltomodelfull-time.ButSarah,4hastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels,wants5(prove)thatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.Sheisdeterminedtocarryonwithher6(educate).Shehasturneddownseveral7(invitation)tostaratshowsinordertoconcentrateonherstudies.Afterschoolsheplanstotakeayearofftomodelfull-timebeforegoingtouniversitytogetadegree8engineeringorarchitecture.Sarahsays,“MydadthinksIshouldtaketheoffernow.Butatthemoment,school9(come)first.Idon'twanttogettooabsorbedinmodeling.Itis10(certain)funbutthelifestyleisalittleunreal.Idon'twanttohavenothingelsetofallbackonwhenIcan'tmodelanymore.^^答案［語篇解讀］本文為記敘文。主題語境為人與自我。文章介紹了16歲的中學(xué)生Sarah在模特界嶄露頭角卻依然以學(xué)業(yè)為重的故事。.resting考查固定用法。固定結(jié)構(gòu)spendsometime(in)doing(sth.)花費(fèi)時(shí)間做(某事)。.a考查冠詞。model為可數(shù)名詞,此處表示泛指，故填冠詞a。.hasbeentold/wastold考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。根據(jù)語境可知Sarah與tell之間為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。此處既可以用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，也可以用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài),表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對現(xiàn)在的影響。.who考查定語從句。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句并在定語從句中作主語。應(yīng)該填入關(guān)系代詞who,指代Sarah?.toprove考查不定式。wanttodosth.想要做某事,因此空白處應(yīng)該填入tocation考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換?？瞻滋幪钊氲脑~作介詞with的賓語，并受物主代詞her的限定，必須用名詞形式。7.invitations考查名詞的復(fù)數(shù)。由本題前面的限定詞several可判斷,invitation需用復(fù)數(shù)形式。8.in考查介詞與名詞的搭配。本題前面的degree一詞表示“學(xué)位”，在表達(dá)某一專業(yè)的學(xué)位時(shí)，后接介詞es考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。此句講的是Sarah對自己當(dāng)前情況的理解,應(yīng)該用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。主語school為第三人稱單數(shù)，故謂語動(dòng)詞come應(yīng)該加?s。.certainly考查副詞?？瞻滋幪钊氲脑~修飾形容詞fun,應(yīng)為副詞。Passage8(2016課標(biāo)全國I)Chengduhasdozensofnewmillionaires,Asia'sbiggestbuildingandfancynewhotels.Butfortouristslikeme,pandasareitstopI.(attract).Soitwasagreathonourtobeinvitedbackstageatthenot-for-profitPandaBase,whereticketmoneyhelpspayfbrresearch.I2.(allow)togetupclosetothesecuteanimalsatthe600-acrecentre.Fromtomorrow,IwillbetheirUKambassador.Thetitlewillbe3.(official)giventomeataceremonyinLondon.Butmyconnectionwithpandasgoesback4.mydaysonaTVshowinthemid-1980s,5.IwasthefirstWesternTVreporter6.(permit)tofilmaspecialunitcaringforpandasrescuedfromstarvationinthewild.Myambassadorialdutieswillinclude7.(introduce)Britishvisitorstothe120-pluspandasatChengduandothersataresearchcentreinthemistymountainsofBifengxia.Onmyrecentvisit,Iheldalivelythree-month-oldtwinthathadbeenrejectedby8.(it)mother.Thenurseryteamswitcheshimeveryfew9.(day)withhissistersothatwhileoneisbeingbottle-fed,10.otheriswithmum—sheneversuspects.答案［語篇解讀］本文為記敘文。文章描述了作者和熊貓結(jié)下的不解之緣。.attraction考查名詞。設(shè)空處作表語。句意:但是對于像我這樣的旅行者，熊貓是成都最吸引人的東西。attraction〃.吸引人的事物。.wasallowed考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。由句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知此處為謂語動(dòng)詞。主語力”和動(dòng)詞“allow”之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，根據(jù)上句中的謂語動(dòng)詞was可知,文章敘述的是過去發(fā)生的事，需用一般過去時(shí)，故此處需用一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。3.officially考查副詞。此處用副詞修飾動(dòng)詞。.to考查介詞。gobackto"追溯到，回溯到”，為固定短語。.when考查定語從句。先行詞themid-1980s為表示時(shí)間的名詞，且關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語，故用關(guān)系副詞when引導(dǎo)。.permitted考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。此處應(yīng)用過去分詞作后置定語。7.introducing考查動(dòng)名詞。動(dòng)詞include后缺賓語，需用所給動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)名詞形式作賓語。ts考查代詞。此處為it的形容詞性物主代詞，意為“它的”。.days考查名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。few修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，故其后的名詞需用復(fù)數(shù)形式。.the考查冠詞。one...theother…"(兩者中的)一個(gè) 另外一個(gè) ”，為固定結(jié)構(gòu)。高級詞塊1.fancy/'fxnsi/adj.豪華的2.backstage/,baek'stei到后臺3.switch/switf/v.轉(zhuǎn)換4.suspect/sa'spekt/u.懷疑Passage9(2016課標(biāo)全國II)Ifyoufeelstressedbyresponsibilitiesatwork,youshouldtakeastepbackandidentify(識另ij)thoseofL.(great)andlessimportance.Then,handlethemostimportanttasksfirstsoyou'llfeelarealsenseof2.(achieve).Leavingthelessimportantthingsuntiltomorrow3.(be)oftenacceptable.Mostofusaremorefocused4.ourtasksinthemorningthanwearelaterintheday.So,getanearlystartandtrytobeasproductive5.possiblebeforelunch.Thiswillgiveyoutheconfidenceyouneedtogetyouthroughtheafternoonandgohomefeelingaccomplished.Recent6.(study)showthatwearefarmoreproductiveatworkifwetakeshortbreaks7.(regular).Giveyourbodyandbrainarestbysteppingoutsidefor8.while,exercising,ordoingsomethingyouenjoy.Ifyoufindsomethingyoulovedoingoutsideoftheoffice,you'llbelesslikely9.(bring)yourworkhome.Itcouldbeanything-gardening,cooking,music,sports-butwhateveritis,10.(make)sureit*sarelieffromdailystressratherthananotherthingtoworryabout.答案［語篇解讀］如果在工作中你感到了壓力，如何解決?作者給出了幾種實(shí)用的減壓方式，可讓身心得到放松。.greater考查形容詞比較級。根據(jù)此句中l(wèi)ess,可知應(yīng)該用great的比較級和less并列。.achievement考查名詞。根據(jù)介詞of,可知設(shè)空處應(yīng)該填名詞形式,asenseofachievement一種成就感,此處achievement是不可數(shù)名詞。.is考查主謂一致和時(shí)態(tài)。動(dòng)名詞作句子主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式且描述一般事實(shí)，故用is。.on考查介詞。我們大多數(shù)人早晨比一天中晚些時(shí)候更集中注意力于我們的工作。befocusedon集中注意力于。5.as考查短語。as...aspossible盡可能 6.studies考查名詞單復(fù)數(shù)。根據(jù)句中的謂語動(dòng)詞show,可知主語應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù)形式，故填studieso.regularly考查副詞。此處應(yīng)該用副詞形式作狀語。.A考查冠詞。forawhile是固定短語，意為:一會兒。.tobring考查不定式。belikelytodosth.為固定短語，意為:有可能做某事。W.make考查祈使句。但是無論是什么事，確保它是消除日常壓力的事情而不是另一件讓人擔(dān)心的事情。高級詞塊1.achievement/。’tji:vmnnt/幾成就;達(dá)到，完成productive/pro'dAktlv/〃的.富有成效的Passage10(2016課標(biāo)全國ID)InmuchofAsia,especiallytheso-called“ricebowF'culturesofChina,Japan,Korea,1.Vietnam,foodisusuallyeatenwithchopsticks.Chopsticksareusuallytwolong,thinpiecesofwoodorbamboo.Theycanalsobemadeofplastic,animalboneormetal.Sometimeschopsticksarequiteartistic.Trulyelegantchopsticksmight2.(make)ofgoldandsilverwithChinesecharacters.Skilledworkersalsocombinevarioushardwoodsandmetal3.(create)specialdesigns.TheChinesehaveusedchopsticksforfivethousandyears.Peopleprobablycookedtheirfoodinlargepots,4.(use)twigs(樹枝)toremoveit.Overtime,5.thepopulationgrew,peoplebegancuttingfoodintosmallpiecessoitwouldcookmorequickly.Foodinsmallpiecescouldbeeateneasilywithtwigswhich6.(gradual)tumedintochopsticks.SomepeoplethinkthatthegreatChinesescholarConfucius,7.livedfromroughly551to479B.C.,influencedthe8.(develop)ofchopsticks.Confuciusbelievedkniveswouldremindpeopleofkillingsand9.(be)tooviolentforuseatthetable.ChopsticksarenotusedeverywhereinAsia.InIndia,fbrexample,mostpeopletraditionallyeat10.theirhands.答案［語篇解讀］本文為說明文。文章主要介紹了筷子及其發(fā)展的歷史。Land考查并列連詞。此處表示并列關(guān)系而不是選擇關(guān)系，其模式為“A,B,CandD”。故填并列連詞and。.bemade考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。bemadeof表示“由 制成“，根據(jù)設(shè)空前的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞might可知，此處填bemade。.tocreate考查不定式。此處不定式作目的狀語。.using考查現(xiàn)在分詞?，F(xiàn)在分詞在此處作伴隨狀語。.as/when考查連詞。根據(jù)語境可知，此處用連詞as/when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。.gradually考查副詞。此處用副詞修飾turnedinto。.who考查定語從句。此處為非限制性定語從句冼行詞Confucius(孔子)指人，故需用關(guān)系代詞who引導(dǎo)定語從句。.development考查名詞。由設(shè)空前的冠詞the和設(shè)空后的of可知應(yīng)用名詞。.were考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。由并列連詞and連接賓語從句中的兩個(gè)并列結(jié)構(gòu)可知和wouldremind并列的應(yīng)為謂語動(dòng)詞，故用be動(dòng)詞的過去式，又因knives為復(fù)數(shù)形式，故用were。.with考查介詞。由語境可知設(shè)空處意為“用"，故填with。高級詞塊1.so-called/'sou'k。：Id/c@.所謂的2.roughly/'rAfli/ad也大約Passage11(2016上海,A)BagsofLoveLastyear,Iwasassignedtoworkatanofficenearmymother'shouse,soIstayedwithherforamonth.Duringthattime,Ihelpedoutwiththehouseworkandcontributedtothegroceries.Afterlessthanaweek,Istartednoticingthatthegrocerieswererunningoutprettyquickly—wewerealwayssuddenlyoutofsomething.1.(wonder)howmymumcouldconsumethemsoquickly,Ibeganobservingherdailyroutinefortwoweeks.Tomysurprise,Ifoundthatshewouldpackapaperbagfullofcannedgoodsandheadouteverymorningataboutnine.Eventually,Idecidedtofollowherand2.happenedtrulyamazedme.Shewastakingthefoodtotherefugeecamp,in3.shedistributedittochildren.Iaskedaroundandfoundoutthatmymumwasverywellknowninthearea.Thekidswereveryfriendlywithherandevenlookeduptoherasifsheweretheirownmother.Thenithitme—whywouldshenotwanttotellmeaboutwhatshe4.(do)?WassheworriedabouthowIwouldreactorthatIwouldstop5.(buy)thegroceriesifIfoundout?Whenshegothome,Itoldheraboutmydiscovery.6.shecouldreact,Igaveherabighugandtoldhershedidn'tneedtokeepitasecret7.me.Shetoldmethatsomeofthechildrenlivedwithanolderladyinashelterwhileotherssleptonthestreets.Foryears,mymumhasbeenhelpingoutbygivingthemwhateverfoodshecouldspare.Iwassoimpressedby8.selflessshewas.答案［語篇解讀］本文為記敘文。文章講述了作者母親為難民營里的孩子提供食物的故事，同時(shí)作者也意識到自己母親的無私偉大。1.Wondering考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。主語I與wonder是邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故填Wonderingo2.what考查名詞性從句。主語從句中缺少主語且指物，故用what引導(dǎo)。.which考查定語從句。此處關(guān)系代詞前有介詞in,故用which。.haddone考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。在這之前母親沒有告訴作者她這樣做的原因，動(dòng)作發(fā)生在“過去的過去”，故用haddone0.buying考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。stopdoingsth.“停止做某事”，故用buyingo6.Before考查連詞。根據(jù)語境，母親還未來得及做出反應(yīng)，“我”就給了她一個(gè)擁抱，故用Before。7.from考查介詞。keepsth.fromsb.為固定搭配，意為“不將某事告訴某人，瞞著某人”。8.how考查賓語從句。selfless為形容詞,用副詞how來修飾。高級詞塊l.contributeto出力做 ，幫助2.beoutofsth.用完某物3.distributesth.tosb.把某物分發(fā)給某人Passage12(2016上海,B)Stress:GoodorBad?Stressusedtobeanalmostunknownword,butnowthatweareusedtotalkingaboutit,Ihavefoundthatpeoplearebeginningtogetstressedaboutbeingstressed.Inrecentyears,stress1.(regard)asacauseofawholerangeofmedicalproblems,fromhighbloodpressuretomentalillness.Butlikesomanyotherthings,itisonlytoomuchstress2.doesyouharm.Itistimeyouconsideredthatiftherewerenostressinyourlife,youwouldachievelittle.Ifyouarestuckathomewithnostress,thenyourlevelofperformancewillbelow.Uptoacertainpoint,themorestressyouareunder,the3.(good)yourperformancewillbe.Beyondacertainpoint,though,furtherstresswillonlyleadtoexhaustion,illnessandfinallyabreakdown.Youcantellwhenyouareoverthetopandonthedownwardslope,byaskingyourself4.numberofquestions.Doyou,forinstance,feelthattoomuchisbeingexpectedof5.,andyetfinditimpossibletosayno?Doyoufindyourselfgettingimpatientor6._(annoy)withpeopleoverunimportantthings?...Iftheanswertoallthosequestionsisyes,youhadbetter7._(control)yourstress,asyouprobablyareundermorestressthanisgoodfbryou.Tosomeextentyoucancontroltheamountofstressinyourlife.Doctorshaveworkedoutachartshowinghowmuchstressisinvolvedinvariousevents.Gettingmarriedis50,pregnancy40,movinghouse20,Christmas12,etc.Ifthetotalstressinyourlifeisover150,youaretwiceaslikely8.(get)ilL答案［語篇解讀］本文為說明文，講述壓力從不為人知演變?yōu)楦鞣N疾病的成因之一。適當(dāng)?shù)膲毫θ藗冇欣?而當(dāng)壓力超過一定的限度，就會對人體造成危害。l.hasbeenregarded根據(jù)句中的時(shí)間狀語“Inrecentyears”可知,時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，故填hasbeenregardedo.that本句為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型Itis+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that+其他成分，故填that。.better本句采用“the+比較級…,the+比較級…越……，就越……”結(jié)構(gòu)。.Aanumberof為固定搭配，意為“大量的”。.you考查人稱代詞。你有沒有覺得他人對你的期待太多?故答案為you。.annoyedor為并列連詞，這里修飾人，故填annoyedo7.controlhadbetterdosth.最好做某事。.togetbelikelytodosth.有可能做某事。高級詞塊l.getstressedabout…對 感到焦慮2.awholerangeof一系列的Passage13(2016四川)Thegiantpanda1.(love)bypeoplethroughouttheworld.Chinesescientists2.(recent)hadachancetostudyawildfemalepandawithanewbornbaby.Shewasavery3.(care)mother.For25days,sheneverleftherbaby,noteventofindsomething4.(eat)!Shewouldnotletanyotherpandascomenear.Shelickedthebabyconstantlytokeepitclean.Anysmellmightattractnatural5.(enemy)thatwouldtrytoeatthelittlepanda.Themotherheldthebabyinherfrontpawsmuchthewayahumandoes.6.itcried,sherockeditbackandforthandgaveitlittlecomfortingpats.Themothercontinuedtocarefortheyoungpanda7.morethantwoyears.Bythattime,thepandanolongerneeded8.(it)motherforfood.However,itstayedwithherandlearnedaboutthewaysoftheforest.Then,aftertwoandahalfyears,themother9.(drive)theyoungpandaaway.Itwastimeforhertohaveanewbaby,10.itwasalsotimefortheyoungpandatobeindependent.答案［語篇解讀］中國科學(xué)家有機(jī)會研究了一只野生大熊貓養(yǎng)育熊貓寶寶的過程。小熊貓出生以后,熊貓媽媽片刻不離,悉心照顧孩子，兩年以后,小熊貓跟媽媽學(xué)習(xí)生存技巧，兩年半以后，小熊貓離開媽媽獨(dú)立生活。l.isloved考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。大熊貓被全世界的人喜歡是事實(shí),應(yīng)該用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí);panda和love之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故答案是islovedo.recently考查副詞。此處需用時(shí)間副詞。.caring/careful考查形容詞。mother是名詞，需要用形容詞來修飾,結(jié)合下文可知答案為caring/carefulo.toeat考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。此處應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞不定式作后置定語。.enemies考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。enemy為可數(shù)名詞，天敵有多種，因此應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。.When/If考查連詞。此處引導(dǎo)狀語從句,根據(jù)句意可知，當(dāng)熊貓寶寶哭的時(shí)候/如果熊貓寶寶哭，熊貓媽媽會輕搖并輕拍它。故用When/If,注意在句首，首字母應(yīng)該大寫。.for考查介詞。設(shè)空處后邊的morethantwoyears是一段時(shí)間，故用介詞for。8.its考查代詞。設(shè)空處是指“它的“，故用itso9.drove考查時(shí)態(tài)。此處指熊貓媽媽把小熊貓從身邊趕走,此事已經(jīng)發(fā)生，故用一般過去時(shí)。W.and考查連詞。這是它再要一