2021考研英語一真題及參考答案2021年英語一真題

第第頁共30頁Yetsciencehasaculturalhistory,too,withrootsgoingbacktothedawnofcivilization.ThesamecuriositytofindwhatliesbeyondthehorizonthatfirstbroughtearlyPolynesianstoHawaii＇sshoresinspiresastronomerstodaytoe_ploretheheavens.CallstodisassemblealltelescopesonMaunaKeaortobanfuturedevelopmentthereignoretherealitythatastronomyandHawaiianculturebothseektoanswerbigquestionsaboutwhoweare,whereweefromandwherewearegoing.Perhapsthatiswhywee_plorethestarryskies,asifansweringaprimalcallingtoknowourselvesandourtrueancestralhomes.TheastronomymunityismakingpromisestochangeitsuseofMaunaKea.TheTMTsitewaschosentominimizethetelescope'svisibilityaroundtheislandandtoavoidarchaeologicalandenvironmentalimpact.TolimitthenumberoftelescopesonMaunaKea,oldoneswillberemovedattheendoftheirlifetimesandtheirsitesreturnedtoanaturalstate.ThereisnoreasonwhyeveryonecannotbeweledonMaunaKeatoembracetheirculturalheritageandtostudythestars.26.QueenLiliuokalani'sremarkinParagraph1indicatesherconservativeviewonthehistoricalroleofastronomy.theimportanceofastronomyinancientHawaiiansociety.theregrettabledeclineofastronomyinancienttimes.herappreciationofstarwatchers'featsinhertime.27.MaunaKeaisdeemedasanidealastronomicalsitedueto[A]itsgeographicalfeatures.itsprotectivesurroundings.itsreligiousimplications.itse_istinginfrastructure.28.TheconstructionoftheTMTisopposedbysomelocalspartlybecause[A]itmayriskruiningtheirintellectuallife.itremindsthemofahumiliatinghistory.theirculturewillloseachanceofrevival.theyfearlosingcontrolofMaunaKea.29.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph5thatprogressintoday'sastronomy[A]isfulfillingthedreamsofancientHawaiians.helpsspreadHawaiiancultureacrosstheworld.mayuncovertheoriginofHawaiianculture.willeventuallysoftenHawaiians'hostility.30.Theauthor'sattitudetowardchoosingMaunaKeaastheTMTsiteisoneof[A]severecriticism.passiveacceptance.slighthesitancy.fullapproval.答案：26-30DABCCTe_t3RobertF.Kennedyoncesaidthatacountry＇sGDPmeasures“everythinge_ceptthatwhichmakeslifeworthwhile.”WithBritainvotingtoleavetheEuropeanUnion,andGDPalreadypredictedtoslowasaresult,itisnowatimelymomenttoassesswhathewasreferringto.ThequestionofGDPanditsusefulnesshasannoyedpolicymakersforoverhalfacentury.Manyarguethatitisaflawedconcept.Itmeasuresthingsthatdonotmatterandmissesthingsthatdo.Bymostrecentmeasures,theUK'sGDPhasbeentheenvyoftheWesternworld,withrecordlowunemploymentandhighgrowthfigures.Ifeverythingwasgoingsowell,thenwhydidover17millionpeoplevoteforBre_it,despitethewarningsaboutwhatitcoulddototheircountry'seconomicprospects?Arecentannualstudyofcountriesandtheirabilitytoconvertgrowthintowell-beingshedssomelightonthatquestion.Acrossthe163countriesmeasured,theUKisoneofthepoorestperformersinensuringthateconomicgrowthistranslatedintomeaningfulimprovementsforitscitizens.RatherthanjustfocusingonGDP,over40differentsetsofcriteriafromhealth,educationandcivilsocietyengagementhavebeenmeasuredtogetamoreroundedassessmentofhowcountriesareperforming.Whileallofthesecountriesfacetheirownchallenges,thereareanumberofconsistentthemes.Yes,therehasbeenabuddingeconomicrecoverysincethe2021globalcrash,butinkeyindicatorsinareassuchashealthandeducation,majoreconomieshavecontinuedtodecline.Yetthisisn'tthecasewithallcountries.SomerelativelypoorEuropeancountrieshaveseenhugeimprovementsacrossmeasuresincludingcivilsociety,ineequalityandenvironment.Thisisalessonthatrichcountriescanlearn:WhenGDPisnolongerregardedasthesolemeasureofacountry'ssuccess,theworldlooksverydifferent.SowhatKennedywasreferringtowasthatwhileGDPhasbeenthemostmonmethodformeasuringtheeconomicactivityofnations,asameasure,itisnolongerenough.Itdoesnotincludeimportantfactorssuchasenvironmentalqualityoreducationoutes-allthingsthatcontributetoaperson＇ssenseofwell-being.ThesharphittogrowthpredictedaroundtheworldandintheUKcouldleadtoadeclineintheeverydayserviceswedependonforourwell-beingandforgrowth.Butpolicymakerswhorefocuseffortsonimprovingwell-beingratherthansimplyworryingaboutGDPfigurescouldavoidtheforecasteddoomandmayevenseeprogress31.RobertF.Kennedyiscitedbecausehe[A]praisedtheUKforitsGDP.identifiedGDPwithhappiness.misinterpretedtheroleofGDP.hadalowopinionofGDP.32.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph2that[A]theUKisreluctanttoremolditseconomicpattern.theUKwillcontributelesstotheworldeconomy.GDPasthemeasureofsuccessiswidelydefiedintheUK.policymakersintheUKarepayinglessattentiontoGDP.33.Whichofthefollowingistrueabouttherecentannualstudy?[A]Ite_cludesGDPasanindicator.Itissponsoredby163countries.Itscriteriaarequestionable.Itsresultsareenlightening.34.Inthelasttwoparagraphs,theauthorsuggeststhattheUKispreparingforaneconomicboom.highGDPforeshadowsaneconomicdecline.itisessentialtoconsiderfactorsbeyondGDP.itrequirescautiontohandleeconomicissues.35.Whichofthefollowingisthebestforthete_t?HighGDPButInadequateWell-being,aUKlessonGDPfigures,aWindowonGlobalEconomicHealth[C]RobertF.Kennedy,aTerminatorofGDP[D]Bre_it,theUK'sGatewaytoWell-being答案：31-35DCDCATe_t4Inarareunanimousruling,theUSSupremeCourthasoverturnedthecorruptionconvictionofaformerVirginiagovernor,RobertMcDonnell.Butitdidsowhileholdingitsnoseattheethicsofhisconduct,whichincludedacceptinggiftssuchasaRole_watchandaFerrariAutomobilefromapanyseekingaccesstogovernment.Thehighcourt'sdecisionsaidthejudgeinMr.McDonnell'strailfailedtotellajurythatitmustlookonlyathis“officialacts,”ortheformergovernor'sdecisionson“specific”and“unsettled”issuesrelatedtohisduties.Merelyhelpingagift-givergainaccesstootherofficials,unlessdonewithclearintenttopressurethoseofficials,isnotcorruption,thejusticesfound.Thecourtdidsuggestthatacceptingfavorsinreturnforopeningdoorsis“distasteful”and“nasty.”Butunderanti-briberylaws,proofmustbemadeofconcretebenefits,suchasapprovalofacontractorregulation.Simplyarrangingameeting,makingaphonecall,orhostinganeventisnotan“officialact.”Thecourt'srulingislegallysoundindefiningakindoffavoritismthatisnotcriminal.Electedleadersmustbeallowedtohelpsupportersdealwithbureaucraticproblemswithoutfearofprosecutionofbribery.“Thebasicpactunderlyingrepresentativegovernment,”wroteChiefJusticeJohnRobertsforthecourt,“assumesthatpublicofficialswillhearfromtheirconstituentsandactontheirconcerns.”Buttherulingreinforcestheneedforcitizensandtheirelectedrepresentatives,notthecourts,toensureequalityofaccesstogovernment.Officialsmustnotbeallowedtoplayfavoritesinprovidinginformationorinarrangingmeetingssimplybecauseanindividualorgroupprovidesacaigndonationorapersonalgift.Thistypeofintegrityrequireswill-enforcedlawsingovernmenttransparency,suchasrecordsofofficialmeetings,rulesonlobbying,andinformationabouteachelectedleader'ssourceofwealth.Favoritisminofficialaccesscanfanpublicperceptionsofcorruption.Butitisnotalwayscorruption.Ratherofficialsmustavoiddoublestandards,ordifferenttypesofaccessforaveragepeopleandthewealthy.Ifconnectionscanbebought,abasicpremiseofdemocraticsociety-thatallareequalintreatmentbygovernment-isundermined.Goodgovernmentrestsonanunderstandingoftheinherentworthofeachindividual.Thecourt'srulingisastepforwardinthestruggleagainstbothcorruptionandofficialfavoritism.36.Theunderlinedsentence(Para.1)mostprobablyshowsthatthecourt[A]avoideddefiningthee_tentofMcDonnell'sduties.madenopromiseinconvictingMcDonnell.wascontemptuousofMcDonnell'sconduct.refusedtomentonMcDonnell'sethics.37.AccordingtoParagraph4,anofficialactisdeemedcorruptiveonlyifitinvolves[A]concretereturnsforgift-givers.sizablegainsintheformofgifts.leakingsecretsintentionally.breakingcontractsofficially.38.Thecourt'srulingisdontheassumptionthatpublicofficialsare[A]allowedtofocusontheconcernsoftheirsupporters.qualifiedtodealindependentlywithbureaucraticissues.justifiedinaddressingtheneedsoftheirconstituents.e_emptfromconvictiononthechargeoffavoritism.39.Well-enforcedlawsingovernmenttransparencyareneededto[A]awakentheconscienceofofficials.[B]guaranteefairplayinofficialaccess.allowforcertainkindsoflobbying.inspirehopesinaveragepeople.40.Theauthor'sattitudetowardthecourt'srulingis[A]sarcastic.[B]tolerant.skeptical.supportive.答案：36-40CBABDPartCDirections:Readthefollowingte_tcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)ThegrowthoftheuseofEnglishastheworldsprimarylanguageforinternationalmunicationhasobviouslybeencontinuingforseveraldecades.(46)ButevenasthenumberofEnglishspeakerse_pandsfurthertherearesignsthattheglobalpredominanceofthelanguagemayfadewithintheforeseeablefuture.ple_international,economic,technologicalandculturechangecouldstarttodiminishtheleadingpositionofEnglishasthelanguageoftheworldmarket,andUKinterestswhichenjoyadvantagefromthebreathofEnglishusagewouldconsequentlyfacenewpressures.ThoserealisticpossibilitiesarehighlightedinthestudypresentedbyDavidGraddol(47)Hisanalysisshouldthereforeendanyself-contentednessamongthosewhomaybelievethattheglobalpositionofEnglishissostablethattheyounggenerationoftheUnitedKingdomdonotneedadditionallanguagecapabilities.DavidGraddolconcludesthatmonoglotEnglishgraduatesfaceableakeconomicfutureasqualifiedmultilingualyoungstersfromothercountriesareprovingtohaveapetitiveadvantageovertheirBritishcounterpartsinglobalpaniesandorganizations.Alongsidethat,(48)manycountriesareintroducingEnglishintotheprimary-schoolcurriculumbutBritishschoolchildrenandstudentsdonotappeartobegaininggreaterencouragementtoachievefluencyinotherlanguages.Iflefttothemselves,suchtrendswilldiminishtherelativestrengthoftheEnglishlanguageininternationaleducationmarketsasthedemandforeducationalresourcesinlanguages,suchasSpanish,ArabicorMandaringrowsandinternationalbusinessprocessoutsourcinginotherlanguagesuchasJapanese,FrenchandGerman,spreads.(49)ThechangesidentifiedbyDavidGraddolallpresentclearandmajorchallengestoUKsprovidersofEnglishlanguageteachingtopeopleofothercountriesandtobroadereducationbusinesssectors.TheEnglishlanguageteachingsectordirectlyearnsnearly&;1.3billionfortheUKininvisiblee_portsandourothereducationrelatede_ploresearnupto&;10billionayearmore.Astheinternationaleducationmarkete_pands,therecentslowdowninthenumberofinternationalstudentsstudyinginthemainEnglish-speakingcountriesislikelytocontinue,especiallyiftherearenoeffectivestrategicpoliciestopreventsuchslippage.Theanticipationofpossibleshiftsindemandprovidedbythisstudyissignificant:(50)Itgivesabasistoallorganizationwhichseektopromotethelearningandverydifferentoperatingenvironment.Thatisanecessaryandpracticalapproach.Inthisasinmuchelse,thosewhowishtoinfluencethefuturemustprepareforit.【答案】但是即使當(dāng)下英語使用者的人群還在進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大，有跡象表明：在可預(yù)見的未來，英語可能會(huì)逐漸失去其全球主導(dǎo)地位。因此，對(duì)于那些認(rèn)為英語的國際地位無懈可擊、甚至覺得他們的年青后輩們不需要學(xué)習(xí)其他語言的人而言，他的分析可能會(huì)給他們的驕傲自大畫上一個(gè)句號(hào)。眾多國家正在將英語引進(jìn)小學(xué)課程，但是，毫不夸張地說，英國學(xué)童和學(xué)生似乎沒有受到更多的鼓勵(lì)去學(xué)會(huì)流利地使用其他語言。大衛(wèi)?葛拉爾多所發(fā)現(xiàn)的變化給教授他國人士英語的英國機(jī)構(gòu)以及更廣闊的教育市場(chǎng)帶來了顯而易見的巨大挑戰(zhàn)。這給所有致力于推廣英語學(xué)習(xí)和使用的機(jī)構(gòu)提供了一個(gè)制定規(guī)劃的依據(jù)，讓我們能夠應(yīng)對(duì)未來完全不同的操作環(huán)境里出現(xiàn)的各種可能性。20__年考研英語一小作文點(diǎn)評(píng)及范文今年英語一的小作文不出預(yù)料，再一次考查到了推薦信。在英語一的考試當(dāng)中，推薦信已經(jīng)考查過兩年了。例如我們英語一在2021年就考查過向你的朋友推薦一部電影。具體題目要求是Writealettertoafriendofyourstol)remendoneofyourfavoritemoviesand;2)givereasonsforyourremendation.20_—年考察的是youaregoingtoholdaclubreadingsession.Writeanemailofabout100wordsremendingabooktotheclubmembers.Youshouldstatereasonsforyourremendation.而今年的作文題目要求給新來的澳大利亞國籍教授JamesCook介紹你城市的touristattraction。因此，考生不用驚慌只要把2021年或20__年的小作文，主要是推薦原因部分，稍作修改即可成文。這就啟發(fā)我們20__屆的同學(xué)們要高度重視歷年真題，因?yàn)榭歼^的話題或是書信類型會(huì)反復(fù)考查。那么今年的作文具體該如何來寫呢?今年考題的Direction要求向新來的JamesCook教授推薦旅游景點(diǎn)。根據(jù)題目的要求，我們可以判斷本文為公務(wù)信函，語域?yàn)檎秸Z域，即不能出現(xiàn)縮寫、省略問句和和口語表達(dá)。稱呼：DearProf.JamesCook,注意稱呼中，Prof后面的句點(diǎn)不能丟，稱呼最后的逗號(hào)號(hào)不可丟，也不能寫成冒號(hào)。當(dāng)然如果稱呼不寫Prof.寫成Mr.JamesCook也是可以的。正文第一段：寫作內(nèi)容需涵蓋兩點(diǎn):1：歡迎Cook教授來中國；2:寫信目的，表明推薦。用到了這樣的表達(dá)WeletoChina.Iknowyoulovetraveling,soI'mwritingthislettertoremendtoyouoneofmyfavoritescenicspot-Harbin,whichisanoldnortherncityofChina.第二段：寫作內(nèi)容為推薦原因?？梢詮娜齻€(gè)角度來考慮：美景、美食和熱情的人們。用到了這樣的表達(dá)：Ithinkyoumustlikeitforthereasonsasfollows.Tobeginwith,thereareanamountofbeautifulscenicspots,suchastheIceandSnowKingdominwinter,theSunisland,theCentralStreetandsoon.Inaddition,youcouldtasteagreatnumberofsnacksontheaveragestreet.Lastbutnotleast,thepeopleofHarbinareoverwhelminglyhospitableandenthusiastic,whichisfamousalloverChina.第三段：再次強(qiáng)調(diào)寫信目的。Owingtothereasonsdiscussedabove,Iwon'thesitatetoremendthisscenicspottoyou.Iamsureyouwillenjoyit.最后，表達(dá)祝福Bestwishesforyou!落款：Yourssincerely,特別提醒sincerely后面逗號(hào)不能丟；簽名：LiMing特別注意Ming后面一定不能出現(xiàn)句點(diǎn)。落款和前面左、右對(duì)齊都可以。參考范文：DearProf.JamesCook,WeletoChina.Iknowyoulovetraveling,soI'mwritingthislettertoremendtoyouoneofmyfavoritescenicspot—Harbin,whichisanoldnortherncityofChina.Ithinkyoumustlikeitforthereasonsasfollows.Tobeginwith,thereareanamountofbeautifulscenicspots,suchastheIceandSnowKingdominwinter,theSunisland,theCentralStreetandsoon.Inaddition,youcouldtasteagreatnumberofsnacksontheaveragestreet.Lastbutnotleast,thepeopleofHarbinareoverwhelminglyhospitableandenthusiastic,whichisfamousalloverChina.Owingtothereasonsdiscussedabove,Iwon'thesitatetoremendthisscenicspottoyou.Iamsureyouwillenjoyit.Bestwishesforyou!Yourssincerely,LiMing20__考研英語(一)大作文范文52.Directions:Writeanessayof160-20__wordsbasedonthefollowingpictures.Inyessay.Yous